Abantu ku US ukufuna izindlela zokubhekana nenkinga yezomnotho kungalandela ukuhola kwezinhlangano zomphakathi zaseNingizimu Melika. Kusuka Argentina kuya Venezuela, izinhlangano eziningi ziye zanqoba ezimisweni ezifanayo zokuhaha kwezinkampani nenkohlakalo yezombangazwe ezibangela izingxabano zezomnotho kuwo wonke umhlaba. Le nhlangano iphinde ibe namava okubamba osopolitiki izinyawo zivutha amalangabi uma sebekhethiwe, okuyiqhinga elizobaluleka uma uBarack Obama ethatha izintambo.
Ukuxhumana kwakamuva phakathi kwamaqhinga ezishoshovu enyakatho naseningizimu kuvele ekuqaleni kwale nyanga lapho abasebenzi abangaphezu kuka-200 bedilizwa emsebenzini. ChicagoImboni ye-Republic Windows and Doors ehlala esitshalweni sabo, befuna ukudilizwa kanye nenkokhelo yeholide ababeyikweleta.
Umsebenzi ku Chicago kugcizelele imisebenzi yabasebenzi basezimbonini namabhizinisi ku Argentina ngesikhathi senhlekelele yezomnotho yalelo zwe ngo-2001, futhi manje selibukeka lifana kakhulu nenhlangano yokungena Argentina: Abasebenzi baseRiphabhulikhi njengamanje bafuna izindlela zokuvula kabusha ifekthri yabo futhi okungenzeka bayisebenzise njengomfelandawonye ophethwe abasebenzi.
"Lena indawo obekumele ihlale ivulekile," kusho umhleli wenyunyana yeRiphabhulikhi uLeah Fried etshela intatheli UMeg White. Imboni ingase ibe yimpumelelo kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba ikhiqiza amafasitela nezicabha ezingashisi kahle. โInhloso wukuvula kabusha imboni nokudala amathuba omsebenzi,โ kusho uFried.
In Argentina, amakhulu ama-coop ezisebenzi akhiwa ngemva kwemisebenzi ngaphansi kwesiqubulo esithi, "Occupy, Resist, Produce." Ngesikhathi kusetshenziswa ifekthri eChicago, abasebenzi nabasekeli bahlabelela, "Ukhishwe ngebheyili, sesithengisiwe," bebhekise eqinisweni lokuthi iBank of America - umbolekisi weRiphabhulikhi - ithole u-$25 billion webheyili kahulumeni eyizigidigidi ezingama-700, kuphela ukunqamula isikweletu kwiRiphabhulikhi, okuholela ekuvalweni kwefekthri. Kepha ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyisithupha zomsebenzi, iBank of America kanye nabanye ababolekisi bahoxa, bavuma ukukhokhela abasebenzi cishe amaRandi ayizigidi ezimbili zokuyeka umsebenzi kanye nenkokhelo yeholide kanye nomshwalense wezempilo.
Isisekelo esakhiwe ngabasebenzi baseRiphabhulikhi esibizwa ngokuthi "Iwindi le-Opportunity Fund, "ehlanganiswe ngokwengxenye yeminikelo etholwe e-US nasemhlabeni wonke yokuxhasa abasebenzi ngesikhathi sokuqashwa, izosetshenziselwa ukufuna izindlela zokuqalisa kabusha ifektri.
Ukufana phakathi kwezenzo zabasebenzi ku Chicago futhi Argentina khombisa ukuthi amasu okusebenza okulwa nezinkinga zezomnotho angasetshenziswa emhlabeni jikelele njengezinqubomgomo zemakethe yamahhala ezibe nomthelela kulezi zinkinga kwasekuqaleni.
Omunye umbuthano wamazwe ngamazwe ohlanganisa ifilosofi yokuhlela nokubumbana kwemingcele iWorld Social Forum yaminyaka yonke eyaqala ngo. Brazil ngo-2001 ukukhuthaza ukusebenzisana kanye nemfundo phakathi kwezinhlangano zomphakathi ezivela emhlabeni wonke. Ngo-2004 ngaxoxisana UMichael Hardt, umbhali-munye, no-Antonio Negri, we Ubuningi: Impi Nentando Yeningi Enkathini Yombuso, mayelana neqhaza I-World Social Forums kanye nokuhlangana okufanayo okungaba nayo ekuhlanganiseni ubulungiswa bomphakathi emhlabeni jikelele.
โBengisezingqungqutheleni ezimbili zeWorld Social Forums Porto Alegre, Brazil," kuchaza uHardt. "Kwenye yazo, kwakunalolu hlobo lwenkundla yekhawunta eyayiqhubeka ekamu lentsha lapho kwakunamaqembu avela ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene. Ngangikomunye umhlangano lapho sasinamaNtaliyane, ama-piqueteros avela e-Argentina kanye neqembu lenhlangano yaseNingizimu Afrika emelene nalokhu kunqanyulwa kukagesi namanzi eThekwini naseGoli. Kwaba kuhle ukuthi abathathu babo bakhulume bodwa, ngoba ngisho nangendlela eqondile, ehlakaniphile babhekana nento efanayo, izinhlobo ezifanayo zokucindezelwa kwamaphoyisa kanye nezinhlobo ezifanayo zemizabalazo. Futhi bekungekhona ukufunda komunye nomunye, kodwa ukuqaphela uhlobo oluthile lokufana bese ludala ubudlelwano obushaโฆ Yilolo hlobo lwento okufanele lwenzeke ngezinga elikhulu kakhulu."
Njengenkinga yezomnotho ku US kubi kakhulu, kanye nesidingo sokucindezela ukuphathwa kuka-Obama, ukunyakaza ku- US bangafuna ukufana okunjalo ngokunyakaza phakathi i-South America. Ezibonelweni ezingenakubalwa zokunqoba kwakamuva kwenhlangano yezenhlalakahle eNingizimu Melika, nazi ezimbalwa ezingase ziphakamise amapulani angaba khona oshintsho emphakathini US.
Ekuqaleni kwawo-1990, isabelomali esibambe iqhaza sasetshenziswa yi-Workers' Party in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Lolu hlelo, olusasebenza, lubandakanya izinkulungwane zezakhamizi ezihlanganayo ukuze zinqume ukuthi uxhaso lukahulumeni kufanele lusetshenziselwe kanjani amaphrojekthi nentuthuko yedolobha. Ukubamba iqhaza okudumile kule nqubo kuvimbela inkohlakalo, futhi kukhulisa umbono wentando yeningi ngaphezu kokumane uvotele umuntu ohlukile kwezombusazwe njalo ngemva kweminyaka embalwa.
Ngesikhathi seMpi Yamanzi YaseCochabamba Bolivia ngo-2000, izakhamuzi zalelo dolobha zandisa incazelo yentando yeningi nakakhulu lapho zihlangana ngokumelene nokukhishwa kwe-Bechtel Corporation kwamanzi azo. Ukwenziwa kwangasese kwabeka yonke into esuka emithonjeni eyakhiwe umphakathi kanye nemigodi yemvula ngaphansi kwesithupha senhlangano, futhi kwaholela emazingeni aphezulu kakhulu abambalwa ababengakwazi ukuwathenga. Ukuphendula, abantu abavela kuzo zonke imigqa yezomnotho bahlanganyele ndawonye emibhikishweni nasekuvinjweni kwemigwaqo futhi baphumelela ukuxosha inkampani edolobheni futhi babuyisele amanzi ezandleni zomphakathi.
Ngo-2003, lapho owayengumongameli uGonzalo Sanchez de Lozada ezama ukuthekelisa igesi yaseBolivia US ngentengo ephansi, izakhamuzi zesigaba sabasebenzi zedolobha El Alto wavukela umongameli kanye necebo lakhe. Izakhamizi zashintshana emigwaqweni evinjiwe, zasakaza ukudla, zasakaza imiyalezo ngamabhayisikili futhi zisebenza ndawonye nezinsizakusebenza ezincane ukulwa namaphoyisa namasosha, zagcina ziketule uhulumeni wengcindezelo weSanchez de Lozada. Lokho kuvukela kwavula indlela eya okhethweni lukamongameli wendabuko u-Evo Morales, kanye nokufakwa ngaphansi kwengxenye kwemboni yegesi. Ehhovisi lakhe e-El Alto, isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu saseBolivia uPablo Mamani sakhuluma ngalokhu kuhlubuka, "Ngesikhathi sokuvukela umbuso, isimo saphulwa, sayeka ukuba khona, safa e-El Alto."
Ezinye izinhlangano zomphakathi zaseBolivia zikhomba amasu angaba khona oshintsho emphakathini. Okuningi kwe i-South AmericaUmhlaba ovundile usezandleni zabanikazi bomhlaba abambalwa abacebile. I-Landless Farmer Movements (MSTs) esifundeni sonke ihlala ithatha umhlaba ongasetshenzisiwe ukuze iwusebenzele ukuphila. I I-Bolivian Landless Movement ube neqhaza elikhulu ekucindezeleni uhulumeni wakwaMorales ukuthi enze izinguquko ezazidingeka kakhulu zomhlaba. USilvestre Saisari, umholi onentshebe BoliviaI-MST, ichaze ubudlelwano benhlangano yakhe kuhulumeni ngale ndlela: "Intando yeningi yethu incike kithi njengezinhlangano zomphakathi."
Indaba eyodwa evela endaweni yase-El 23 de Enero in Caracas, Venezuela luwuphawu lwezinguquko eziqhubekayo ezenzeka kulelo zwe. UJuan Contreras, umdidiyeli womsakazo nesakhamuzi sakule ndawo, ukhulume ngendlela yena neyakhe abalingani thatha emvakwa isiteshi samaphoyisa sendawo - amashumi eminyaka ibutho eliqaphile lokulwa nokuhlela ama-leftist - futhi sasiguqula saba isiteshi somsakazo womphakathi kanye nesikhungo samasiko.
"Le ndawo ibiwuphawu lwengcindezelo," u-Contreras wangichazela ngisestudiyo, esasenuka njengopende omusha kusukela ekuguqulweni kwakamuva. "Ngakho sithathe lolo phawu salwenza lwaba olusha." Ngamagama akhombisa umoya wemisebenzi yesisebenzi ku Chicago futhi Argentina, kanye nesidingo sempendulo ebanzi emazingeni aphansi US uqhube wathi, "Kuwubufakazi boguquko olwenziwa yithina zakhamizi. Asikwazi ukuhlala silindele uguquko oluzosenzelwa thina; kufanele senze izinguquko."
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UBenjamin Dangl usebenze njengentatheli kulo lonke i-Latin America futhi ungumbhali we"Intengo Yomlilo: Izimpi Zezinsiza kanye Nokunyakaza Komphakathi eBolivia" (AK Press). Uphinde abe ngumhleli we-TowardFreedom.com, umbono oqhubekayo ngezehlakalo zomhlaba, kanye ne-UpsideDownWorld.org, ushicilelo oluku-inthanethi oluphathelene nobushoshovu nepolitiki ku- i-Latin America. Thumela i-imeyili ku-BenDangl(at)gmail(dot)com