Clarence Lusane
It
mhlawumbe kuwuphawu lobuhlanya benkulungwane yeminyaka ukuthi ikhulu leminyaka liyophela
nge-bizzare yommeli wase-Afrika waseMelika ovikelayo
enkantolo ilungelo lelungu le-Ku Klux Klan - igama lalo
okuxakayo nguMnyama - ukushisa iziphambano. Nokho, kubonakala sengathi abanye
ukuba nengqondo kwaba namandla ngokuthi ummeli nekhasimende lakhe
elahlekile.
Lokhu
isigameko esingesona imvelo senzeka ocwaningweni lwakamuva lukaBarry Elton Black,
okwathi ngo-August 1998, endimeni yakhe njenge-Imperial Wizard of the
I-International Keystone Knights ye-KKK, ibambe umhlangano futhi yashisa a
e-Carroll County Virginia. I-inferno, kodwa hhayi i-rally,
yephule umthetho wezwe wama-1930s owenqabela ngokuqondile ukushiswa kwesiphambano
by Ku Klux Klan. I-International Keystone Knights, enye yazo
cishe amaqembu angama-50 e-Klan kuzwelonke, kucatshangwa ukuthi angaphansi kuka-200
amalungu.
Ukuxabana
ukuthi uMnyamana unelungelo ngokomthethosisekelo lokwenza lesi senzo kwakungokwakhe
ummeli uDavid P. Baugh, ongumAfrika waseMelika futhi oyilungu le
Isahluko saseVirginia se-American Civil Liberties Union. Phakathi kwe
izitatimende eziningi ezingenangqondo nezingenangqondo ezenziwe u-Baugh ethethelela ezakhe
ukuvikela uBlack kwaba umbono wakhe, "Uma ngikwazi ukumvikela, angikwazi
vikela noma ubani omunye." U-Baugh ngokusobala ukholelwa ukuthi uMnyama kanye
abakwaKlan banelungelo lokuthusa abanye ngamazwi nangokwenyama
okuyiyona nhloso yale mikhuba. Kuyinto ngokwedlulele
Ngokungabaza ukuthi uBlack wasebenzisa ummeli wase-Afrika waseMelika nganoma yini
ngaphandle kwezinjongo zamasu, noma imibono yakhe ngobudlelwano bobuhlanga
zashintshwa kancane kancane.
Akekho
wayethenga ingxabano kaBaugh. Ngokuphawulekayo, ijaji elimhlophe qwa lathatha
ngemizuzu engama-25 ukubuyisa isigwebo secala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubufakazi
ngokumelene noKlansman bavela kwabamhlophe abathathu - isherifu ngubani
wazibonela umcimbi wabopha uBlack, isekela lakhe, noRebecca
Sechrist, owesifazane omhlophe ohlala enqoleni eseduze ne
impahla lapho kwashiselwa khona isiphambano. U-Sechrist wephula i-stereotype
yabamhlophe abampofu abavezwa njalo njengabacwasi abangaphenduki
elinde uPat Buchanan, uDavid Duke, noma amasosha asendaweni
bababuthele ebuthweni lokucwasa ngokwebala. Ngenkathi lezi "ezijwayelekile"
izakhamizi zenze okulungile futhi zathi cha ukungabekezelelani futhi
ukucwasa, okufanayo akunakushiwo kulabo ababizwa ngokuthi abakhululekile
mayelana nalolu daba.
An
impi yezombangazwe ebalulekile phakathi kwama-liberal iyaqhubeka lapha. Use
ngaphandle, kubonakala kuwukungqubuzana phakathi kwezimiso ezimbili. Use
isandla esisodwa, amaqembu akhululekile njenge-ACLU, uMthetho Wobumpofu waseNingizimu
Centre, nabanye, baphikisa leyo nkululeko yokukhuluma nokukhuluma
akufanele yephulwe ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo. Ngokolunye uhlangothi,
kukhona futhi isimiso sokulwa nokucwasa, ukulingana ngokobuhlanga, kanye
ukuvikelwa kwamalungelo abantu, okuyinto la maqembu futhi kakhulu
ukwesekwa.
In
iqiniso, akukho ukungqubuzana. Imayelana nani i-KKK, noma ngabe ingaphakathi
ama-hood amhlophe noma amasudi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, akuyona inkululeko yokukhuluma noma inkululeko
yenkulumo. Ku-post-Civil Rights Era, amaqembu anobandlululo njenge
U-Klan akasenaso isivikelo sobuso esinesibindi sosherifu basendaweni aba
sebenzisa ukubayeka bephule uMthethosisekelo ngaphandle kokuhleba
ukuphikiswa. Manje, la maqembu azama ukusebenzisa umthethosisekelo
ukuvikela njengoba beqhubeka nokumela futhi, ezimweni eziningi,
funa ukuqedwa kwabantu bebala, izitabane kanye nama-lesbians, amaJuda,
izinyunyana zabasebenzi, nabanye abawela ngaphandle kwemibono yabo emincane
lokufaneleka.
Ngenkathi
i-Klan isalokhu incane ngokwezibalo, ilinganiselwa engaphansi kwezi-5,000
ezweni lonke, abakumelelayo akufanele kuxoshwe nje,
futhi abakaze banikele nge-ajenda yodlame nokuphoqa lokho
umake umlando we-Klan kusukela maphakathi nawo-1860 kuze kube manje. Ubandlululo
udlame lusaqhubeka nokuliphakamisa ikhanda elibi. Eminyakeni emibili kuphela edlule, ku
endaweni efanayo lapho umhlangano we-Klan wenzeka khona, kwashiswa indoda emnyama
ephila wabe esenqunywa ikhanda isisebenzi esimhlophe. Ukubuka i-Klan kanye
abanye abantu abacwasa ngokwebala abahleliwe njengoba ipolitiki engeyona nje igeja indima abayidlalayo
dlala ekuqhubekiseni isimo sokungabekezelelani lapho kudala khona
ama-stereotypes angakhula futhi akhule.
Not
kuphela i-Klan iqhubekile nokumelela ubandlululo olunyanyekayo
ukubukwa lapha e-United States, kodwa andise amazwe akho ngamazwe
finyelela. Abaholi abahlukahlukene bakwaKlan, abanjengoDavid Duke noBill Wilkerson,
sekuyisikhathi eside benobudlelwane nabacwasi bobuhlanga eYurophu. EFrance, i-neo-fascist
I-National Front, eholwa nguJean Marie Le Pen, imeme amalungu e-Klan
emihlanganweni kanye nezingqungquthela iminyaka eminingana. ENgilandi, i-
I-Klan yesimanje isebenze nama-fascists kanye nezinhlangano ezicwasa ngokwebala
njengeBritish National Front kanye neNational Socialist Movement,
kusukela okungenani ekuqaleni kwawo-1960. Ngawo-1990, u-Klan ozinze e-US
abaholi baye benza lula ukudalwa kwezahluko ezincane ze-Klan ku
ENgilandi, eWales naseScotland. Ngokusho kwe-anti-fascist
I-Searchlight, imisebenzi yabo ivinjelwe kakhulu
behlambalaza amasinagoge, abanye ngezibhakela, futhi beqeda ukucwasa
izincwadi. Nakuba bebandlululwa e-United States nakwezinye izindawo,
i-Klan ayizange ishabalale futhi akufanele nakuphikiswa
izinjongo nezinhloso zayo.
So
isinqumo ngamajaji amhlophe ayi-12 edolobheni elincane eVirginia singaba
umbhalo waphansi omncane kuphela ezifisweni zezepolitiki zanamuhla
ekhona, kodwa isho isitatimende esibalulekile esimelene nokucwasa ngokwebala. I
Icala laseVirginia liphinde ligcizelela umbono wokuthi uma ubhekene ne-
radical option liberals duck and run for cover.
Clarence
Lusane, Ph.D. "Ithuba Lithanda Abalungisiwe" baseMelika
Isikole seNyuvesi Yenkonzo Yamazwe Ngamazwe (202) 885-1674