Kungani amanani enyuka kodwa amaholo ethu enyuka? Isigaba sabasebenzi base-Argentina sikhathazeke ngempela ngalolu daba njengoba izingxabano zabasebenzi ziya zishuba. Abasebenzi bezempilo bakahulumeni babuyisele ingxabano ngamaholo kuzwelonke.
Abasebenzi abangebona abezokwelapha esibhedlela sezingane sase-Garrahan bebesendleleni yesiteleka emasontweni amathathu edlule befuna ukuthi umholo omncane wenyanga unyuswe ube yi-1,800 pesos (amadola angama-600). Abasebenzi bezempilo bakahulumeni babambe uchungechunge lweziteleka ezidonse amahora angu-72 kulesi sibhedlela, nokususe umsindo kuHulumeni Kazwelonke. Isibhedlela sezingane sase-Garrhan siyisikhungo sezempilo somphakathi esikhulu kunazo zonke nesesimanjemanje kunazo zonke e-Argentina, esiqashe abantu abangaba ngu-2,400 (okuhlanganisa nezokwelapha, ezokuphatha nezingezona ezokwelashwa).
‘Sifuna ukuzuza imali elingana nobhasikidi womndeni oyisisekelo,’ kusho isithunywa somhlangano uMercedes Mendez. Abasebenzi baseGarrahan bathi banelungelo lokufuna iholo eliyisisekelo eliyi-1,800, izindleko zezidingo eziyisisekelo zomndeni. Abahlengikazi abangaba ngu-700, ochwepheshe, nabaqaphi bahlelwa emhlanganweni wabasebenzi osebenza njengekhomishini yangaphakathi yenyunyana yabasebenzi bakahulumeni ye-ATE. Umhlangano ubugxekile ubuholi be-ATE ngokuhlala bengenzi lutho emizabalazweni yabasebenzi, izikhathi eziningi bekhuluma esidlangalaleni ngokumelene nezimfuno nezenzo zabasebenzi. Umhlangano wazisa intando yeningi eqondile kanye nenhlangano engeyona eyezikhundla ‘iziphakamiso ezenziwa yinhlangano yomhlangano bese abasebenzi bevota ngesiphakamiso.
Ukuphatha kukaMongameli uNestor Kirchner kanye nabezindaba abaningi baye baqala umkhankaso omkhulu wokukhipha umhlangano wabasebenzi bezempilo kanye nokuphambukisa ukunaka esidingweni esiphuthumayo sokukhushulwa kwamaholo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinsiza zomphakathi. Kule nyanga, uNgqongqoshe Wezempilo uGines Gonzales Garcias uthe izisebenzi zezempilo ezibhikishayo ‘zazingamaphekula, zithatha izingane njengezithunjwa.’ Uzisole ngokucekela phansi imishini yezokwelapha nokubeka ukuphila kwezingane engcupheni. Ukuchazwa kukaGonzales Garcias kuyinanela ethokozisayo yenkulumo esetshenziswa umbuso wobushiqela wokugcina wezempi wase-Argentina.
Yize besolwa ngokuthi abatelekile abazinakekeli iziguli, izihlobo zeziguli ezithola usizo esibhedlela zikhulume zagxeka ukuhlaselwa kwazo zithi abahlengikazi abakaze bazilahle iziguli zabo. Bachaza ukuthi abasebenzi babhekelela abezimo eziphuthumayo uma besesitelekeni. Ngokuphindaphindiwe, abahlengikazi baye babika ngezinyembezi emehlweni abo ngenxa yokucasuka nokungabi namandla ukuthi isibhedlela asinazo izinto zezempilo ezanele ezidingekayo njengemijovo, amashubhu nezinaliti zama-IV. Ochwepheshe, abahlengikazi kanye nesondlo bathe yibona abagcina isibhedlela sisebenza. Ngokuvamile kufanele bamele odokotela futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nodokotela abahlinzayo. Ngosuku lwezingane umhlangano wabasebenzi uhlele umkhosi ngomculo, izipho namamuvi eziguli nomndeni.
Ngaphandle kokubizwa ngamaphekula, ngesonto eledlule abaphathi besibhedlela bathumele izingcingo bexwayisa abasebenzi ukuthi uma beqhubeka nesiteleka bazoxoshwa. Lesi sibhedlela kuleli sonto siqashe abahlengikazi abasha abangu-20 abangaqeqeshwanga ngokwanele ukuze banqamule isiteleka, okufana nezinkampani ezimba amalahle ezithumela utwayi. Nokho abasebenzi abakahlehli. Ngo-Agasti 15 bavotela ukwenza esinye isiteleka samahora angama-72.
UMnyango wezabaSebenzi uveze ukuthi abasebenzi bazonyuselwa imali ngamaphesenti angama-20. Izinyunyana ezintathu ezihilelekile kule ngxabano zakwamukela lokho. Khonamanjalo, unobhala-jikelele womhlangano ophikisayo kaGarrahan uGustavo Lerer uthe lesi sicelo kusekude nokufinyelela imfuno yabasebenzi yomholo oyisisekelo oyi-1,800. Njengamanje iningi labasebenzi abangebona abezokwelapha benza phakathi kwe-1,000 kuya ku-1,200 pesos. Ukunikezwa kuzosho ukunyuka kwama-peso angama-200 kubasebenzi abaningi, kanti abaphathi abaphezulu abahola okungenani ama-peso angama-2,000 bazothola ukukhushulwa kwamapeso angama-600.
NgoJulayi, imali encane engenayo edingekayo ukuze kugwenywe ukuwela ngaphansi komugqa wobumpofu inyuke isuka kuma-pesos angama-750 yaya kuma-peso angama-786. Kodwa-ke, umholo ojwayelekile e-Argentina ungama-pesos angama-600. Uhulumeni ukhathazekile ngokuthi uma abasebenzi baseGarrahan bewina izimfuno zabo, bazoqala ukusabela kweminye imikhakha yezabasebenzi befuna iholo elihambisana nezindleko zezidingo eziyisisekelo zomndeni. Abasebenzi bakahulumeni ezweni lonke sebetelekile izinyanga ezine. UMnyango wezabaSebenzi uzama ukumisa izimfuno ezikhulayo zabasebenzi zokunyuselwa amaholo nokuthi kume ukukhuphuka kwentengo. I-IMF icindezela uMongameli uNéstor Kirchner ukuthi agcine amaholo emile futhi anciphise isabelomali semisebenzi yomphakathi, kuyilapho ukwehla kwamandla emali kulindeleke ukuthi kufinyelele okungenani kumaphesenti angu-15 kulo nyaka. Ngawo wonke amaphesenti angu-1 okwehla kwamandla emali, abantu abayi-150,000 bawela ngaphansi komugqa wobumpofu.
Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kweshumi imiholo imisiwe. Phakathi kuka-1984 no-2004, amaholo angempela ehla ngamaphesenti angu-52.7. Ngalesi sikhathi esifanayo umkhiqizo ukhule ngamaphesenti angama-87.2. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwehora kwabasebenzi kukhuphuke ngamaphesenti angama-257. Ngenkathi abasebenzi bekhiqiza ngokushesha ngehora elengeziwe, amandla okuthenga amaholo ehle kakhulu. Kosomabhizinisi nabaphathi, ukucindezela abasebenzi ukuthi basebenze ngokushesha kungaholela ekwehliseni izindleko ngokuncishiswa nokwandisa umkhiqizo. Ngenkathi abasebenzi besebenza ngokushesha, kunenqwaba yabasebenzi yalokho okudingeka ukukhiqizwa. Lokhu kubangele ukudilizwa kanye namazinga okusebenza aguquguqukayo ‘ ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi kwamanje kukumaphesenti ayi-19 (okuhlanganisa nezigidi ezimbili ezingasebenzi ezithola uxhaso olungasebenzi).
Ngakho-ke uma umndeni udinga okungenani ama-pesos angu-1,800 ukuze uphumelele, kungani amaholo ehla ngale ndlela encane? ‘Bonke abasebenzi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bakusiphi isigaba, banelungelo lokuthi imindeni yabo idle ngendlela efanele, ibe nezingubo futhi bahlale endaweni ehloniphekile,’ kusho izithunywa zesitimela ephephandabeni labo. Wonke amehlo abheke ukungqubuzana kukaGarrahan. Ngezenzo eziqondile njengeziteleka zamakati nemikhosi yobumbano bathumela umyalezo ocacile wokuthi abasebenzi ngeke bawamukele amaholo asezingeni lobumpofu. Njengoba kunesilinganiso esiqhubekayo samaholo angasebenzi futhi alulazayo, uhulumeni nezinkampani zamabhizinisi ziye zafundisa abantu ukuba bazijwayeze ukuphila ngosizi. Kodwa-ke, konke lokhu kuyashintsha ngezingxabano zabasebenzi ezivelayo njengoGarrahan.
Abasebenzi befekthri ye-ceramics i-Zanon, ehlala futhi ephethwe yizisebenzi zayo kusukela ngo-2001, banikela ngamathayela e-ceramic esibhedlela sezingane sase-Garrahan. Abasebenzi be-Zanon bathe nakuba ama-square metres angu-200 wamathayela e-ceramics kuyisenzo esincane nje kodwa beseka abasebenzi abangebona abezokwelapha abasesitelekeni isonto lesithathu lilandelana. Uhulumeni futhi ukhathazekile ngenethiwekhi kazwelonke yobumbano phakathi kwezingxabano zabasebenzi. Abasebenzi basesibhedlela abavela kwezinye izikhungo zezokwelapha zikahulumeni nezizimele babambe iziteleka ezifanayo futhi bakhombisa ukweseka abasebenzi baseGarrahan.
Abasebenzi abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ukulwa nokwenyuka kwentengo kubathengi kuhambisana nokulwa nokunyuswa kwamaholo. Izithunywa ze-subway zinesiphakamiso esiqondile sokuthuthukisa amaholo nemibandela yabasebenzi. ‘Yize amathuba okunyusa amanani asezandleni zosomabhizinisi akusoze kwanyuka amaholo ngendlela eyanele. Yingakho amanani kufanele abe yingxenye yokukhiqizwa kwezisebenzi. Nakuba lokhu kubonakala njenge-utopia, sinomkhawulo omncane wokusebenzisa lo mbono emabhizinisini alulame ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwezisebenzi. Uma izinkampani ezinkulu eziyi-100 e-Argentina bezilawulwa ngabasebenzi (njengendaba ye-Zanon) besingaqala ukulawula amanani ngaphakathi kwemakethe yonxiwankulu. Noma ngaphandle konxiwankulu.’
Abasebenzi baseGarrahan bangafinyelelwa ku- [i-imeyili ivikelwe] UMarie Trigona uyisishoshovu, umbhali futhi uyingxenye yeqoqo lamavidiyo, uGrupo AlavÃo. Angafinyelelwa ku [i-imeyili ivikelwe]