Ngo-2005, u-Noam Chomsky omkhulu amagalelo akhe, ama-eseyi nezinkulumo zakhe, ezithakazelisa izitolo zethu zezincwadi, imitapo yolwazi, futhi ngempela le webhusayithi yavotelwa “njengongqondongqondo ophilayo ophilayo ophilayo yi-‘Global Intellectuals Poll’ eyenziwa ngumagazini waseBrithani i-Prospect. Kuncane okushintshile kule minyaka emine edlule. Imibono kaChomsky isephakathi kwehlonishwa kakhulu futhi elindelwe ngabomvu kukho konke, maqondana nezinto eziningi, ikakhulukazi mhlawumbe maqondana nenqubomgomo yezangaphandle yaseMelika.
Kungenye yezibusiso ezingavamile zesikhathi sethu ukuthi sinomuntu onobuhlakani obunjalo nobuhlakani bezemfundo ovikela amaPalestine futhi adalule ibhizinisi lamaZiyoni. Selokhu kwashona umngane wakhe, u-Edward Said omkhulu, umPalestine omkhulu kunabo bonke kusukela kuJesu Kristu, akekho noyedwa owake wakhuluma kanzima kangaka, nokunakekela okunjalo nokunaka okucophelela emininingwaneni, ngembangela yasePalestine, kunoNoam Chomsky. Noma nini lapho umuntu efunda imisebenzi yakhe, ngisho nabagxeki bakhe bayavuma, oyedwa "ehlaselwe umuzwa wamandla amakhulu engqondo; umuntu uyazi ukuthi uhlangabezana nengqondo engavamile, obuhle bayo obuhlanganisa imvelaphi kanye nokudelela imfashini kanye nokukha phezulu.", njengoba intatheli ye-Guardian uMaya Jaggi ebhala esihlokweni ngaye esabhalwa eminyakeni embalwa edlule, enesihloko esifanele, 'Unembeza Wesizwe'.
Iningi labantu elikhathalele isintu, abaziyo ngoChomsky, liyamncoma kakhulu, kodwa mhlawumbe amazwi agqama kakhulu umuntu awashilo ngomsebenzi wakhe kumele kube eka-Edward Said uqobo, esho esanduleleni sakhe ukuthi mhlawumbe okuwukuphela kwento okumele ube nayo. - incwadi ngesizathu sasePalestine ngombono wami, 'Unxantathu Oyingozi':
“Kukhona okuthile okuthinta inhliziyo ngemibono emihle kangaka evuselelwa ngokuphindaphindiwe ngenxa yokuhlupheka nokungabi nabulungisa kwabantu. Umuntu lapha ucabanga ngoVoltaire, kaBenda, noma uRussell, nakuba ngaphezu kwanoma iyiphi enye yazo, uChomsky uyala lokho akubiza ngokuthi “okungokoqobo”—amaqiniso—ngaphezu kohlu olumangalisayo”
Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi uSaid wenze lokhu kuqhathanisa noRussell - uBertrand Russell omkhulu. Futhi kuyinto okufanele ihlolwe, ngoba, ngenkathi abantu abaningi bewazi amagalelo amahle kaChomsky esizweni sasePalestine (okungenani kukho konke, incwadi yakhe emangalisayo okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla, ethathwa nguSaid ngokuthi "incwadi ebaluleke kakhulu eyake yazama ukungqubuzana phakathi kweZionism namaPalestine ebhekwa njengephakathi nendawo ehlanganisa i-United States.”) kuncane kakhulu okwaziwayo ngezikaRussell.
Lokhu kuyihlazo elikhulu, ngoba ngikholwa ukuthi siphuthelwa okuthile okukhulu lapha. Ukube bekwaziwa lokho ngokungangabazeki umcabango omkhulu kunabo bonke kwabangama-20th Ikhulu leminyaka, futhi ngokungangabazeki, njengoba uKarl Popper amchaza encwadini yakhe yokuphila, "isazi sefilosofi esikhulu kunazo zonke kusukela eKant", sasekela imbangela yasePalestina, futhi saphikisana no-Israyeli, futhi ngempela inqubomgomo yangaphandle yaseMelika, izoletha udumo olukhulu emizamweni yethu yokukholisa abantu. yokulunga kwesizathu sethu.
Leli akulona iqhinga elisha, futhi ngempela, amaZionists alisebenzisile (ngokungafanele ngishesha ukungeza) ukuze ngithethelele icala labo, ngokusebenzisa u-Albert Einstein omkhulu njengesibonelo somsekeli wecala labo.
Lalela u-Isaiah Berlin, isazi sefilosofi sezombangazwe saseBrithani, esabhala endabeni, ‘U-Einstein no-Israyeli (1979):
“Mina, njengoba kufanele wazi, angiyena uchwepheshe kunoma yiziphi izimfanelo ezibaluleke kakhulu zika-Einstein noma impumelelo. Kodwa ngithanda ukubuyela umzuzwana owodwa futhi ezweni lakwa-Israyeli. Umbutho wamaZayoni, njengombuso wakwa-Israyeli, uvame ukuhlaselwa, namuhla kunanini ngaphambili, ngamazwe angaphandle kwemingcele yawo nangaphakathi; ngezinye izikhathi nge, ngokuvamile ngaphandle, isizathu noma ubulungisa. Ukuthi u-Einstein, ongazange akubekezelele ukuchezuka ekuhloniphekeni komuntu, ngaphezu kwakho konke ngenxa yabantu bakubo - ukuthi wayekholelwa kulo mnyakazo kanye nalesi simo futhi wama ngakuso ebunzimeni nasebubini, kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wayebucayi kangakanani. ngezikhathi zamadoda athile noma izinqubomgomo - leli qiniso mhlawumbe liphakathi kobufakazi obuphakeme bokuziphatha lapho noma yimuphi umbuso nanoma yimuphi umnyakazo kuleli khulu leminyaka ungaziqhenya ngawo. Ukwesekwa komphakathi okungaguquki yindoda elunge ngokuphelele (futhi enolwazi olufanele), ngokumelene nokuntula uzwelo cishe okuphelele kwayo ngasohlangothini lwamalungu esizinda sakhe senhlalo nobuhlakani (ombono wayo ojwayelekile wokuziphatha nepolitiki abelane ngawo kakhulu) kungenzeka ngokwako kwanele ukuthethelela imfundiso noma inqubomgomo, kodwa futhi akunakuchithwa; kubalwa ngokuthile; kule ndaba ngenani elikhulu.”
Lena akuyona indawo yokukhombisa amanga alezo zimangalo (nginikela ngendatshana ehlukile esihlokweni kamuva). Kodwa kuyindawo yokukhombisa lokho uRussell akushoyo ngesizathu sethu. Angeke kube khona ingozi ekuboniseni ubumbano lwakhe nathi, njengoba nje amaZayoni asebenzisa u-Einstein ecaleni labo, umehluko kuphela ukuthi asikukhohlisi lokho umuntu omkhulu ayekukholelwa.
Kuyathakazelisa kulo mongo ukwazi amaqiniso ambalwa - ukuthi bobabili u-Chomsky no-Russell bayizazi zefilosofi ezisezingeni lokuqala, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, bahlanganyela isithakazelo esifanayo esikhethekile - ingqondo nezilimi. Bobabili bangababhali nezikhulumi ezikhuthele, futhi ngempela, ngenxa yezintshisekelo zabo bahlikihla amahlombe ngamaphuzu amaningana. Wabhala isingeniso sencwadi kaRussell ethi ‘I-War Crimes Tribunal eVietnam’ futhi ngo-January 1970, inyanga ngaphambi kokufa kukaRussell, wanikeza iSifundo SeSikhumbuzo sikaBertrand Russell eYunivesithi yaseCambridge. UChomsky ubehlale ebheka uRussell, njengomunye wamathonya akhe amabili abaluleke kakhulu obuhlakani (omunye isazi sefilosofi saseMelika uJohn Dewey), indoda egcina isithombe sayo esikhulu esimnyama nesimhlophe ephasishi eduze komnyango wayo eMIT lapho ahlala khona. usebenza, uthi, "wayenezici eziningi ezinhle kakhulu futhi enza izinto eziningi engizithandayo”, njengoba etshela uDavid Barsamian ngo-1994.
Ngakho-ke, umuntu angabona izibopho phakathi kukaChomsky noRussell. Kodwa, kuyathakazelisa ukuqaphela lokho u-Edward Said akusho lapho eqhathanisa uChomsky nabanye “Ngaphezu kwanoma iyiphi enye yazo, uChomsky uyala lokho akubiza ngokuthi “okungokoqobo”—amaqiniso—ngaphezu kobubanzi obumangalisayo”.
Lokhu mhlawumbe kuyiqiniso, kodwa, ngokubona kwami mhlawumbe kungenye yobuthakathaka bukaChomsky, futhi enye yezinto, ngokuxakayo ebeka uRussell ngaphezu kukaChomsky. URussell wabhala kahle, uChomsky - mhlawumbe ngenxa yesifiso sakhe esikhulu sokusho wonke amaqiniso - akakwenzi lokho. Yize ewuthanda umsebenzi wakhe kodwa kumele ngivumelane noSolwazi Cosma Shalizi, uma ebhala ukuthi,
“Uhlelo lwakhe lolimi aluhlukile, futhi alufihlekile ngendlela ka-Kant noHegel kanye nokuzala kwabo okuningi kakhulu. Ubonakala ezama kanzima. Kodwa ukubhala kwakhe kusalokhu kunzima, kungakhulumi, kuyisicefe, kufiphele. Ososayensi bashiye phansi bafinyelela ezingeni eliphansi kakhulu le-prose kwabanye abantu, kodwa kulindeleke ukuthi umuntu enze kangcono uma ekhuluma nezithameli. UChomsky akakwenzi; akanaso nhlobo isipho esijabulisayo sokuchazwa anakho, njengokuthi, J. B. S. Haldane, Peter Medawar noma uSteven Weinberg - singasho lutho nganoma yiliphi inani lababhali besayensi”
Umuntu angafunda cishe noma yimiphi imisebenzi kaRussell yokuzijabulisa kanye nezinjongo zemfundo nezinqala, kodwa hhayi uChomsky. Futhi ngokubona kwami, ekaRussell iyindlela evumelana kakhulu nemfundo kanye nokubhekana nezizukulwane ezizayo zabamangalelwa ngendaba yasePalestine - ngoba abantu abaningi ngeke babe nethuba lokutshala isikhathi namandla adingekayo emsebenzini wendoda efana noChomsky. , kodwa ngizojabula kakhulu ukuzwa uRussell. Ukucaphuna uShalizi futhi:
“Lapho uChomsky ebhala ngezepolitiki, ubhala ngezepolitiki kuphela, imvamisa izinto ezesabekayo (zangempela ezanele) ezihambela inqubomgomo yezangaphandle yase-US, futhi ngokushesha aminzise eyodwa emininingwaneni eminingi eyiqiniso nokulahlwa okunzima. Lapho uRussell ebhala ngezombangazwe, ubhala ngezakhiwo, i-mandarine yaseShayina kanye nemiphumela yendiza emcabangweni, futhi ubonisa kahle ukucekelwa phansi kwempi yesimanje ngenkondlo kaLeopardi. Umsebenzi kaRussell ufana nethuluzi lesayensi elivela ku-Enlightenment, ubuciko nokuhlobisa kwawo kuwenza ube muhle, uma kungewona umsebenzi wobuciko impela; I-Chomsky’s, inqwaba yamavalvu nezintambo namabhokisi ensimbi apendwe ngokumpunga ubusuku bonke, inakekelwa ngumfundi oneziqu ezilalelisisa ubusuku bonke egumbini elingaphansi kwebhilidi le-physics.”
Nakuba ngicabanga ukuthi isivivinyo esinzima kakhulu, ngiyabona ukuthi uShalizi uyini
ezama ukusho.
Leso mhlawumbe isifundo sokuqala umuntu angasifunda kuRussell - isifundo esisebenza kuzo zonke izindawo; ukuthi uzethula kanjani nokuthi ubhalwa kanjani. Ngenhlanhla, kulabo abafuna izinto zicaciswe kubo ngombala omnyama nomhlophe, uRussell akazange abashiye ebumnyameni - wabhala indaba ehlekisayo ngo-1956, 'Ngibhala Kanjani', eshicilelwe eqoqweni, ‘Izithombe Ezisuka Enkumbulo'!
Kodwa yini umuntu angayifunda endodeni enkulu maqondana nendaba yasePalestine ngokwayo? Yini esingayifunda kuye?
Kungenye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu engizaziyo ngoRussell engihlale ngikhuluma ngazo, ukuthi, ezinsukwini ezimbili kuphela ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, wanquma ukunikela umlayezo wakhe wokugcina emzamweni wasePalestina. Isitatimende mayelana neMpumalanga Ephakathi sangomhla zingama-31st NgoJanuwari 1970, eyafundwa ngo-3rd ka-February, ngosuku lwangemva kokufa kwakhe, emhlanganweni we-International Conference of Parliamentarians eCairo. Ngiyafisa ukukholelwa, nokho, ukuthi uthando lwami ngaye alusuki olwazini lwaleli qiniso - iqiniso engivumayo ukuthi ngaqala ukulazi ngesikhathi ngihlangana nomsebenzi wakhe.
Futhi ngenxa yokuthi ayijwayelekile kwabaningi, ngiyicaphuna ngokugcwele:
“Isigaba sakamuva sempi engakamenyezelwa eMpumalanga Ephakathi sisekelwe ekubalweni okungalungile okujulile. Ukuhlasela kwamabhomu ekujuleni kwendawo yaseGibhithe ngeke kunxenxe izakhamuzi ukuthi zizinikele, kodwa kuzoqinisa ukuzimisela kwazo ukumelana. Lesi yisifundo sakho konke ukuqhuma kwamabhomu emoyeni.
Abantu baseVietnam abaye bakhuthazelela iminyaka eminingi yokuqhuma kwamabhomu aseMelika abaphendulanga ngokuvuma kodwa ngokudubula izindiza eziningi zesitha. Ngo-1940 abantu bakithi bamelana nokuhlasela kukaHitler ngamabhomu ngobunye nokuzimisela okungakaze kubonwe ngaphambili. Ngalesi sizathu, ukuhlasela kwa-Israyeli kwamanje kuzohluleka enjongweni yakho ebalulekile, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kufanele kulahlwe ngamandla emhlabeni wonke.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwesimo esibucayi eMpumalanga Ephakathi kuyingozi futhi kuyafundisa. Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 u-Israyeli wanda ngamandla ezikhali. Ngemuva kwazo zonke izigaba kulokhu kwandiswa u-Israyeli unxuse "isizathu" futhi uphakamise "izingxoxo". Lena indima yendabuko yombuso wobukhosi, ngoba ufisa ukuhlanganisa ngobunzima obuncane lokho osuvele ukuthathile ngodlame. Konke ukunqotshwa okusha kuba yisisekelo esisha sezingxoxo ezihlongozwayo ezivela emandleni, ezishaya indiva ukungabi nabulungisa kolaka lwangaphambilini. Udlame olwenziwa yi-Israel kumele lugxekwe, hhayi nje ngoba akukho zwe elinelungelo lokuhlanganisa indawo yangaphandle, kodwa ngoba konke ukunwetshwa kuwukulinga ukuthola ukuthi umhlaba uzobekezelela kangakanani ubudlova.
Ababaleki abazungeza iPalestine ngamakhulu ezinkulungwane zabo bachazwe muva nje intatheli yaseWashington u-I.F. Itshe “njengetshe lokuchola lokuziphatha elizungeze amaJuda omhlaba.” Abaningi bababaleki manje sebengene eshumini lesithathu leminyaka yokuphila kwabo okuyingozi ezindaweni zokuhlala zesikhashana. Usizi lwabantu basePalestine ukuthi izwe labo “lanikezwa” ngaMandla angaphandle kwabanye abantu ukuze kwakhiwe uMbuso omusha. Umphumela waba ukuthi amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu abangenacala bangabi namakhaya unomphela. Ngazo zonke izingxabano ezintsha inani labo liye landa. Kuyoze kube nini izwe lizimisele ukubekezelela lo mbukwane wonya olubi? Kucace bha ukuthi ababaleki banalo lonke ilungelo ezweni abaxoshwa kulo, futhi ukwenqatshwa kwaleli lungelo kusenhliziyweni yengxabano eqhubekayo. Abekho abantu emhlabeni wonke abangavuma ukuxoshwa ngobuningi emazweni abo; umuntu angadinga kanjani ukuthi abantu basePalestine bamukele isijeziso okungekho muntu ongasibekezelela? Ukuhlaliswa okunobulungisa kwababaleki ezweni lakubo kuyisithako esibalulekile sanoma yikuphi ukuhlala kwangempela eMpumalanga Ephakathi.
Ngokuvamile sitshelwa ukuthi kumelwe sizwelane no-Israyeli ngenxa yokuhlupheka kwamaJuda eYurophu ezandleni zamaNazi. Angiboni kulesi siphakamiso asikho isizathu sokuqhubekisela phambili noma yikuphi ukuhlupheka. Lokhu okwenziwa u-Israyeli namuhla akunakuvunywa, futhi ukusebenzisa izinto ezesabekayo zesikhathi esidlule ukuze kuthethelelwe lezo zamanje kuwubuzenzisi obubi. U-Israyeli akagcini nje ngokulahla inani elikhulu. yababaleki osizini; akuwona nje kuphela ama-Arabhu amaningi angaphansi kombuso agwetshelwe ukubusa kwezempi; kodwa futhi u-Israel ugxeka izizwe zama-Arab ezisanda kuphuma esikhundleni sobukoloni, ukuqhubeka nobumpofu njengoba izimfuno zempi zihamba phambili kunentuthuko yezwe.
Bonke abafuna ukubona ukuphela kokuchitheka kwegazi eMpumalanga Ephakathi kumele baqinisekise ukuthi noma yikuphi ukuxazululwa akuqukethe imbewu yokungqubuzana kwesikhathi esizayo. Ubulungisa budinga ukuthi isinyathelo sokuqala sokuxazulula izinkinga kufanele kube ukuhoxa kuka-Israyeli kuzo zonke izindawo ezathathwa ngoJuni, 1967. Kudingeka umkhankaso womhlaba omusha ukuze ulethe ubulungiswa kubantu baseMpumalanga Ephakathi.”
Kodwa-ke, umuntu angafunda okuningi kuRussell kunalesi siqeshana. Umuntu uzokwenza kahle ukufaka igama elithi ‘Palestine’ esikhundleni segama elithi ‘Vietnam’ ezinkulumweni zakhe ku-International War Crimes Tribunal ngo-1967; izosebenza ngokuphelele eNkabeni YaseGaza yamanje.
Futhi umuntu angafunda okuningi endleleni abheka ngayo umlando - engiyivezile endabeni yami yokuqala ‘Ifilosofi Nenkinga YePalestine', futhi nasekugxekeni kwakhe inkolo, ikakhulukazi 'Kungani ngingeyena umKristu’ - engikholelwa ukuthi ibalulekile ekubhujisweni kokusekelwa okubalulekile kobuKristu bevangeli lezwe lakwa-Israel. Eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu edlule, ngokukhuphuka kwegagasi likaMarxist, kanye nePopular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), “wafuna uguquko kuMarxism” futhi ithathwa njenge "Inhlangano ye-Marxist-Leninist, yezwe, inhlangano yezombangazwe nezempi yasePalestine yobuzwe”, imibhalo yakhe eminingi, edalula ubumpofu bobukhomanisi, yayingaba wusizo olukhulu. Kodwa, njengoba wonke umuntu esindisa abantu abambalwa abangakhanyiselekile angavuma manje, ubuKhomanisi buyehluleka ngokusobala.
Okubaluleke kakhulu mhlawumbe, umuntu angafunda kuRussell ukubuka isintu njengengqikithi ehlanganisiwe, futhi athuthukise ukukhulelwa “sohlanga lwesintu sisonke, silwa nesiphithiphithi ngaphandle nobumnyama ngaphakathi, isibani esincane sokucabanga sikhula kancane kancane sibe ukukhanya okukhulu okuchithwa ngakho ubusuku. Ukwehlukana phakathi kwezinhlanga, izizwe, nezinkolelo kufanele kuthathwe njengobuwula obusiphazamisa empini ephakathi kweZinxushunxushu kanye Nobusuku Obudala, okuwumsebenzi wethu owodwa ngempela womuntu”.
Ngalolu hlobo lombono, ukufutheka nokucwasa kweZionism kuzobola, futhi abantu basePalestine abakhululekile bazokwenza umnikelo omkhulu kakhulu esintwini, sonke esithemba futhi esikulindele.
UBertrand Russell kungenzeka ukuthi washona eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu nesishiyagalolunye edlule ngalolu suku, kodwa uyokhunjulwa kuze kube phakade njengeqhawe lesintu, esikhathini isintu siwadinga kakhulu amaqhawe anjalo. Ngishiya umfundi onomusa nesicaphuno sami engisithandayo somuntu omkhulu, izeluleko zabantu bayo yonke iminyaka, kuzo zonke izindawo, ngazo zonke izikhathi.
"Impilo enhle yileyo egqugquzelwa wuthando, futhi eholwa wulwazi".
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