UHLELO LOKUKHETHWA KWAMA-FRENCH Amanothi ka-Marcia Hewitt
Amaphuzu abalulekile avela ezihlokweni ezahlukene zeKhodi yoKhetho yesiFulentshi. (Ikhodi Ezokhetho. Paris: Dalloz 1992)
(bheka i-Art. L. 51.) Ngesikhathi sokhetho kunezindawo ezibekelwe indawo ngayinye idolobha yiziphathimandla zikamasipala ukuze kubhekwe okhethweni.
Endaweni ngayinye yalezi zindawo inani elilinganayo lesikhala libekelwe ikhandidethi ngayinye noma uhlu lwabazokhethwa. (Ngokungafani nase-Australia lapho amaphosta anamathiselwe yonke indawo ezindaweni zokuvota.)
Phakathi nezinyanga ezintathu ezandulele usuku lokuqala lwenyanga yokhetho kuze kufike okhethweni konke ukukhangisa okuhlobene nokhetho okungaphandle kwendawo ebekelwe ukhetho, noma endaweni ebekelwe omunye umuntu ozongenela ukhetho, akuvunyelwe.
(bheka i-Art. R. 27.)
kubonisa ukuthi inhlanganisela yemibala emithathu (obomvu omhlophe noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) ayivunyelwe emphakathini wokhetho. Alikho iqembu elingafuna ubunikazi bemibala kazwelonke.
(bheka i-Art. R. 29.) kubonisa ukuthi ikhandidethi ngalinye noma uhlu lwamakhandidethi lungathumela kuphela isekhula eyodwa (yosayizi ongekho omkhulu kuno-210mm x 297mm) kubakhethi.
(Le ndatshana iyinkinga namuhla njengoba kungaba nemininingwane engenamkhawulo ku-inthanethi echaza izinqubomgomo zeQembu - futhi kufanele - njengoba abavoti befisa ukwazi kabanzi ngezinqubomgomo zeqembu abalivotelayo ukuze bakwazi ukuphendula. )
(bheka u-Art. L. 167-1.)
Umsakazo kanye ne-TV kungasetshenziswa emkhankasweni wokhetho osemthethweni. Emzuliswaneni wokuqala, amahora amathathu abelwa amaqembu ezepolitiki namaqembu amelwe eSishayamthetho Sikazwelonke.
Lesi sikhathi sihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili ezilinganayo - enye ngeyeningi enye ngeyamaqembu angewona aweningi.
Omongameli bala maqembu babe sebehlukanisa isikhathi abasibekelwe maqondana nokubaluleka kwabo.
Umzuliswano wesibili uvumela imizuzu engu-90 yesikhathi emsakazweni nakumabonakude.
Asikho isibopho esingokomthetho sokuthi abezindaba bangabonisi ukukhetha komunye wamakhandidethi.
Iziteshi zomsakazo neziteshi ze-TV azikwazi ukuhlela izinkulumo-mpikiswano zezombusazwe ngosuku lokugcina lomkhankaso wokhetho. (Lokhu kubhekwa njengenkathi yokupholisa.)
(bheka i-Art. L.52-8)
Iminikelo yezimali yomkhankaso womuntu ozongenela ukhetho engaphezu kuka-$250 kufanele ikhokhwe ngesheke. Iminikelo yemali ayikwazi ukudlula u-20% yenani eligunyazwe ukhetho.
Alukho uxhaso lwezimali lokhetho oluvela kubantu bakwamanye amazwe noma emazweni angaphandle.
Ukuxhaswa ngezimali kokhetho ngalunye (MP, President) kunqunyelwe umthetho (ngokungafani nase-USA lapho kungekho mkhawulo.).
(bheka i-Art. L.52.12.)
I-akhawunti yasebhange yokhetho kufanele ivulwe ekuqaleni komkhankaso futhi yonke imali etholiwe futhi ikhokhwe kufanele ibalwe.
I-Akhawunti Yomkhankaso iqinisekiswa ngabakwaChartered Accountants futhi zonke izikweletu namarisidi kufanele anikezwe.
Kuyafaneleka siphawula futhi lapha ukuthi uma umuntu efisa ukuphrinta impahla mahhala ukuze ikhandidethi isabalalise ngesikhathi sokhetho, lokhu kufanele kubizwe futhi kufanele kufakwe kuma-akhawunti akhona. izocwaningwa.
(bheka i-Art. R.41.)
Ihhovisi Lokuvotela livulwa kusukela ngo-8am kuya ku-6pm (ngalolo suku)
(bheka i-Art. L. 64.) Inhlolovo ithatha usuku olulodwa
(bheka i-Art. L.55.) Kwenzeka ngeSonto
(bheka i-Art. L. 56.) Uma kunomzuliswano wesibili uzokuba ngeSonto elilandelayo
(bheka i-Art. L. 57.) Abantu abakwazi ukuvota yilabo amagama abo abesohlwini lomzuliswano wokuqala.
(bheka i-Art. L. 59.) Kuyivoti eliyimfihlo.
(bheka i-Art. L. 60.) Iphepha ngalinye lokuvota lifakwa emvilophini enombala ohlukile kunalowo womzuliswano wokuqala.
Wonke amaphepha okuvota enziwa atholakale kubavoti eHhovisi Lokuvota.
Inani lezimvilophu kufanele lilingane nenani labantu abasohlwini lokuvota.
(bheka i-Art. L. 62.) (โฆ) Kufanele kube nesikhungo sokuvota esisodwa sabavoti abangama-300 (noma iqembu labo) ohlwini.
(bheka i-Art. R. 42) Ihhovisi Lokuvotela Ihhovisi ngalinye linomongameli, futhi okungenani abahloli abane kanye nonobhala abakhethwe kubavoti idolobha.
Unobhala unamandla okubonisana kuphela phakathi kwanoma iyiphi inkulumo-mpikiswano phakathi kukamongameli/abahloli.
Okungenani amalungu amathathu eqembu elingenhla labantu kufanele abe khona nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngesikhathi semisebenzi yeHhovisi Lokuvotela.
Amaphepha omazisi angethulwa ukuze kuvotwe ahlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo:
Ikhadi likamazisi kazwelonke;
Ikhadi Lezempi;
Ipasipoti (iposi 1944);
Incwadi Yerekhodi Lomndeni Esemthethweni : I-Livret de Famille;
Ikhadi Lokuvikeleka Komphakathi;
Izincwadi zokushayela;
Umazisi wekhadi leSisebenzi Somphakathi.
(Akukudalanga uNdunankulu wangaphambili (u-Alain Juppรฉ) watshelwa ukuthi aye ekhaya ayolanda amaphepha akhe kamazisi ngaphambi kokuba avunyelwe ukuvota.)
(Abantu bavamise ukwethula amakhadi abo okhetho โ kanti leli khadi linesigxivizo.)
(bheka i-Art. R.62.)
Uma nje iHhovisi Lokuvota selivala uhlu lwabavoti abavotile lusayinwa ngabahloli, unobhala nomongameli bese kubalwa isibalo sabantu abavotile.
(bheka i-Art. R.63.)
Amaphepha okuvota abe esebalwa.
(Art. L. 66. - ukukhethwa kwemithetho)
Iphepha lokuvota lithathwa njengelingenalutho futhi elingenalutho kulezi zimo ezilandelayo.
- uma ingabonakala
- uma ifakwe emvilophini ehlukile
- uma iboshwe ngendlela engavamile
- uma igama libiyelwe
- imbobo yephinifa ifakwe ku-โiโ wegama
- uma isiphendulwe indiza yephepha, njll.
- uma kunephepha elimhlophe.
- uma uhlu lwabazokhethwa lushintshiwe
- uma iqukethe ukuphawula okungenanhlonipho (Lokhu akulona iqiniso e-Australia inqobo nje uma umuntu okhethwayo kanye nezintandokazi zisobala.)
Ukuze akhethwe ekupheleni komzuliswano wokuqala umuntu ongenele ukhetho kufanele athole inani eliphelele lamavoti kanye nenani lamavoti alingana okungenani nengxenye yesine yabavoti ohlwini.
Ekupheleni komzuliswano wesibili iningi elilula lanele ukuthi liqokwe.
Uma kukhona ukutonyulwa kwezibalo, kuzokhethwa umuntu omdala kunabo bonke.
QAPHELA : I-Socialist Party ihlose ukumisa ukuxhaswa kwamaqembu ezepolitiki yizinkampani.
I-Australia yasungula indawo yokuvota. Lesi bekuyigxathu eliya phambili ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi amavoti ayangempela secret.
Kodwa-ke, amaFulentshi angeze ikhethini elimnyama okufanele libe phambi kwedokodo ngalinye ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubumfihloโฆ
I-Socialist Party ikakhulukazi ikhathazeke kakhulu ngokulingana: okungukuthi isidingo sokuqinisekisa ukuthi kunezibalo ezilinganayo zabesilisa nabesifazane ephalamende.
Ulwazi lwangaphakathi:
Uma ungungqongqoshe wezemisebenzi yomphakathi futhi uma ungumnikazi wenkampani noma unamasheya enkampanini eyenza amathenda enkontileka endaweni yangakini enomthwalo wemfanelo kahulumeni - lokhu kuzobhekwa njengokungqubuzana kwezinzuzo futhi ungagqunywa ejele noma uhlawuliswe. .
Ongqongqoshe namalungu ephalamende abaphawuli ngamacala acutshungulwayo ehlukene Izinkantolo. Lokhu kuzothathwa njengokuphazamisa inqubo yokwahlulela. E-Australia kwesinye isikhathi sizwa osopolitiki bephawula ngamacala acutshungulwayo.
Uhlelo lwamaqembu amaningi
Kwamanye amazwe uhlelo lwamaqembu amaningi luholela ezinxushunxushwini zezombangazwe nasekuntulekeni kobuholi bukahulumeni. Uhlelo olunjalo eFrance luholela kulokho okungabizwa ngokuthi "ukuyekethisa okuhlakaniphile".
Kodwa-ke eBrithani, iqembu leLabour alikwenzi ngendlela ehlelekile lokho ama-Conservatives akufake kuzwelonke. Kepha unokufiphala kwezinqubomgomo nokukhetha kwezepolitiki.
I-Australia, iBrithani kanye ne-USA banohlelo lwamaqembu amabili - Kwabanye abantu kunzima ukuhlukanisa phakathi kweDemocrats kanye namaRepublican e-USA.
I-FRANCE inamalungu ePhalamende angama-570. Bakhethwa iminyaka emi-5.
AmaSenator akhethwa iminyaka engu-9. (304 sebebonke.)
Ingxenye yesithathu yabo izongenela ukhetho kabusha ...
Bakhethwa ngamalunga ephalamende esifundeni abasimeleyo. (Abeluleki Bakahulumeni Besifunda Nabendawo.)
Isisebenzi sikahulumeni singaba ikhandidethi okhethweni lwaseFrance futhi asiphoqelekile ukwesula esikhundleni saso ngaphambi kokhetho. Ikhandidethi wesula kuphela uma ekhethiwe.
Ukuvota akuphoqelekile eFrance.
I-French Electoral Code isekelwe Inqubo futhi cha okwandulelayo.
Akukho ukusatshalaliswa kwempahla yokhetho ngaphandle kwehhovisi lokhetho ngosuku lokhetho.
Ungavota kuphela ehhovisi lokhetho lapho igama lakho liqoshwa khona. (Othile ovela esifundeni sakho sokhetho angakuvotela โ uma usayine incwadi yokugunyazwa ngokusemthethweni ehholo ledolobha. Umuntu ozomvotela uzokwethula leli fomu ehhovisi lokhetho.) Endabeni yokhetho lwesishayamthetho nolomongameli. kungenzeka ukuthi uvote eNxusa LaseFrance noma kumanxusa athile uma ubhalisiwe eNxusa njengomuntu ovela kwamanye amazwe.
Ngokuvamile, amakhodi wesiFulentshi abhalwe ngokucacile futhi awagcwele ama-archaisms.
I-Maastricht Treaty yethule umthetho omusha ovumela izakhamizi ze-European Union ukuthi zivote futhi zikhethwe okhethweni lwase-Europe nolomasipala ezweni elingamalungu ngaphandle kwalelo eziphuma kulo.
Kodwa yena
- kufanele ibe nobuzwe bezwe eliyilungu le-EU;
- kumele ahlale ezweni lapho efisa ukuvota khona;
- akumele aphucwe amalungelo akhe omphakathi.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
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