Umbhikisho wamasonto adlule eWashington, DC, ushaqise futhi wadida izibukeli ezithile. UTheda Skocpol wayengekho phakathi kwabo. U-Skocpol, uprofesa wase-Harvard ongumakadebona, ungumbhali wezincwadi ezinezihloko ezisukela kwezombusazwe zezwe lezenhlalakahle lase-US (“Ukuvikela Amasosha Nomama”) kuya esimweni sokubandakanyeka kwezepolitiki emazingeni aphansi (“Intando Yeningi Enciphile”), kanye ne i-tome ecacile yesayensi yezenhlalo kwi-Tea Party (“Iphathi Yetiye kanye Nokwenziwa Kabusha Kwe-Republican Conservatism,” no-Vanessa Williamson).

Njengoba sekuzophela umbango wezikweletu/ukuvalwa kwezikweletu, iSalon yabiza iSkocpol ngoLwesithathu ukuze idingide ukuthi abezindaba abayiqondi kanjani i-Tea Party, ukuthi inhlangano engathandeki inganyakazisa kanjani amalungu amaningi eCongress, nokuthi kungani abalungile bazonda umthetho ka-Obama wokunakekelwa kwezempilo olinganiselayo. kakhulu. Okulandelayo inguqulo ehleliwe nefingqiwe yengxoxo yethu.

Ingabe le nyanga isikhombisile okuthile ebesingakwazi ngephathi yetiye?

Ngicabanga ukuthi abantu kwabezindaba abajwayelekile kanye nepolitiki ye-DC babhale Iphathi Yetiye ngemva kuka-2012. Bacabanga ukuthi, “Awu, lokhu akusadumile, futhi amaDemocrats aphumelele ukunqoba umgomo oyinhloko wamabutho e-Tea Party." Kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi lokho bekuhlala kungafundi kahle ukuthi i-Tea Party yayimayelana nani. Bekulokhu kukhona ukuze kuvinjwe amaRiphabhulikhi ukuthi ayekethise. Ngicabanga ukuthi sibonile emasontweni amabili edlule ukuthi banamandla okuvele babophe uhulumeni wobumbano babeke izwe engcupheni, futhi abakhombisi zimpawu zokuhlehla. Futhi angicabangi ukuthi bazokwazi, noma behluliwe kulesi siqephu.

UFrances Fox Piven waphikisana kimina ukuthi i-Tea Party yinto endala futhi entsha - inokuqhubeka kwezibalo zabantu kanye ne-Birchers noma ilungelo lobuKristu, kodwa futhi imele uguquko lwangempela olugqugquzelwa ngokwengxenye ukwesaba ukuthi abantu abamhlophe balahlekelwa ilungelo labo e-US Ingabe uyavuma?

Ngezindlela eziningi ngiyakwenza. Empeleni senze ucwaningo, kokubili ngokuhlanganisa [idatha] kazwelonke kanye nangokubheka ngamaqembu ezifundeni ezintathu. Akungabazeki ukuthi ezimpandeni zotshani, cishe uhhafu wabo bonke abahlonza iRiphabhulikhi abazicabanga njengamaphathi Etiye bayiqembu elidala elinomqondo oqinile wabantu abamhlophe, abanye babo ababuyela emuva e-Goldwater nase-Birch Society. . Bayalingabaza iqembu leRepublican Party njengoba beliqhutshwa eminyakeni edlule. Kodwa bobabili bazonda futhi besaba iDemocratic Party kanye no-Obama. Saphikisana ngezindlela eziningi ukuthi intukuthelo iqhamuka ngenxa yokwesaba kulaba bantu abadala ukuthi balahlekelwa izwe labo - yilokho abakushoyo. Ukuthi bangamaMelika eqiniso, futhi balahlekelwa ukulawula ezombangazwe zaseMelika. Ngakho-ke leyo yingxenye yezimpande.

Manje kukhona intuthuko ethize entsha phezulu. Awukho umqondo wokuthi imibhikisho yaphansi iwumgunyathi, noma idalwa amandla amakhulu emali. Kepha sikubonile ukudedelwa kwamaqembu asekelwa usozigidigidi, anemibono ephezulu angaphandle kwemishini yeRiphabhulikhi, yona uqobo efanekiselwa abantu abafana noDick Armey. Futhi muva nje, uJim DeMint eyeka isikhundla seSenate ukuze athuthele kwezamaGugu, futhi aguqule iGugu libe umshini wepolitiki onzima kakhulu. Laba bafana bashaya isibhamu ngokwenzeka kuKhongolose. Futhi yingakho sabona into emangalisayo [NgoLwesibili] we-Heritage Action, ngaphansi kwe-DeMint, okubonisa ukuthi izovotela iziphakamiso zabaholi ngendlela engafanele — phakathi nemizuzu engu-20, [abaholi beRiphabhulikhi] bashintshile. Futhi lokho kungenxa yokuthi manje besaba izishoshovu ezivuswe utshani, abantu abanake futhi bavota kumaprimaries eRiphabhulikhi. Futhi ngokulinganayo, besaba ukuthi imali izofika izobabekela inselelo njengabangcolile ngokwengqondo uma bevota ngendlela engafanele emthethweni obalulekile.

Ngakho ukunyakaza kwezikhonkwane - phezulu-phansi [kanye] phansi-phezulu. Ithathe ngempela ukulawula ingxenye ebusayo ye-Republican Party. Cishe isebenze kancane okhethweni.

“Izikhonkwane”? Kanjani?

Okwenza lokhu kube namandla kakhulu akukhona ukuthandwa. Abantu abawathandi; lokho akubalulekile. Uma usunenqwaba yabashayimthetho ezifundazweni nakuKhongolose, futhi banganikwa amandla ngabavoti abacophelelayo abavota kuma-primaries, bese kuba ngabaxhasi bemali abakhulu okuyibo abazophonsela inselelo amanye amaRiphabhulikhi angayi. kanye nama-extremist, khona-ke une-whammy ephindwe kabili ngempela. Okuwukuphela kwento ebingamelana nalokhu kungaba uma amabutho endabuko engeziwe eqala ukuqongelela imali abeyisebenzisa ukuvikela abantu ezinseleleni ezingakwesokudla. Futhi kukhona ezinye izimpawu ukuthi lokho sekuqala ukwenzeka, kodwa hhayi kakhulu kakhulu.

Ingabe ulindele ukuthi sizobona okuningi kwalokho?

Singakwazi. Kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi lokhu kuqhubeka isikhashana. Laba bantu bazobuyela kuyo futhi ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, futhi bazolokhu beza kuyo.

Amanye amaDemocrats engikhuluma nawo anombono wokuthi lokhu ngeke kuphinde kwenzeke esikhathini esizayo esiseduze ngoba abavoti bazojezisa iRepublican Party - ngo. ukususa ama-levers kusukela ku-Republican Party futhi ukunciphisa amandla Wephathi Yetiye ngaphakathi kwe-GOP.

Ngicabanga ukuthi sekuseduze kakhulu ukuphetha lokho. Kunomehluko omkhulu kubavoti ovela maphakathi nethemu. Uma bekwenza futhi ngonyaka ozayo - engicabanga ukuthi bazokwenza, okungenani okunye kwakho - kungashintsha i-equation ngoNovemba 2014 kancane. Kodwa ake sithole okwangempela lapha.

Ngisho ukuthi, kuzomele ukhulume ngokususa iningi kumaRiphabhulikhi eNdlu yabaMeli. Kufanele ukhulume ngokususa isheke le-filibuster eSenate. Futhi angicabangi ukuthi abahlaziyi abaningi abakhululekile abanaki intuthuko ebaluleke kakhulu eyenzeke kuzo zonke izifundazwe zaseMelika lapho amaRiphabhulikhi amaningi aneziqu ezinkulu okwamanje. Ngakho-ke konke lokho kufanele kuqedwe, ngoba inqobo nje uma idlanzana elixoshiwe neliqinile ngokokuziphatha, elisekelwa imali yemibono, lingasebenzisa izishayamthetho, lingakwazi ukuminyanisa izinto. Inhloso yabo ukukhombisa ukuthi u-Obama namaDemocrats abakwazi ukubusa, futhi ngeshwa banazo ezinye zezinyathelo ukwenza lokho.

Ngabe ucabanga ukuthi amaqhinga amaRiphabhulikhi asewasebenzisile akhombisa okuthile mayelana nekhono lezikhungo zethu zezepolitiki ekusebenzeni lapho abanye bengakubiza ngokuthi amaqhinga ephalamende?

Hhayi-ke, angicabangi ukuthi leli yiphalamende. Ngicabanga ukuthi lokhu kuwukweqisa ngempela. Imithetho ye-filibuster, yebo, iyimithetho, futhi ingashintsha. Futhi ikhono lesenenja eyodwa noma ezimbili zokubamba yonke into kungase kube into ngisho nedlanzana elizofuna ukuyishintsha, ngoba uyazi, uSen. Unenqwaba yamaSenate Republicans angaxazululeki.

Izikhungo zaseMelika azidingi nganoma iyiphi indlela ukuthi iqembu elifanayo noma iqembu elifanayo lilawule ihhovisi likamongameli kanye nezindlu zombili zeCongress. Futhi lokho kudala izimbobo zokuthi ama-obstructionists agaye yonke into ime. Sibonile amaRiphabhulikhi, njengoba esaba ukuthi ngeke akwazi ukuphumelela okhethweni lweningi, ephendukela ekudaleni ukusetshenziswa okusha kwezinqubo nemithetho yesikhungo endala. Yilokho okwenzekayo njengamanje.

Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, ubone ukwehla kwesikhathi eside kokubamba iqhaza komphakathi waseMelika kanye namaqembu abekugqugquzela. Isho ukuthini Iphathi Yetiye ngalokho?

Ezimpandeni zotshani, kuwukubuyela kwezinye izindlela zendabuko. Iphathi Yetiye yasemazingeni aphansi empeleni yakha, ekuphakameni kwayo, cishe amaqembu endawo angama-900 - amaqembu amasha ngempela. Ngabhala kwethi “Democracy Diminished” ukuthi ilungelo lisebenze kangcono ekusekeleni noma ekudaleni kabusha isenzo esihlangene, okuyisihluthulelo sepolitiki yaseMelika - ukwazi ukuhlela ezifundeni eziningi, izifunda eziningi, futhi ube yingxenye yokuthile. kazwelonke. Iphathi Yetiye iwuhlobo oluhlukile lokubonakaliswa kwalokho.

Empeleni bacekele phansi ubuqotho benhlangano ye-Republican Party njengamanje. Yingakho isimo siyesabeka kangaka e-United States. Inhlangano yabezindaba yaseWashington ifuna ukubhala kaningi ukuthi izinhlangothi zombili kufanele ziyekethise. Iqiniso lendaba ukuthi u-Obama akanaye umuntu angayekethisa naye. Akakwazi ukwenza isivumelwano, ngoba amabutho e-Tea Party ahlakaze ubuholi beRiphabhulikhi. UJohn Boehner akakwazi ukwenza isivumelwano nanoma ubani. Akakwazi ukuletha ngisho nalokho akufunayo ngesidlo sasekuseni.

"Kucekele phansi ubuqotho benhlangano ye-Republican Party." Kanjani?

Amakomiti e-Republican Party awakwazi ukuzigcina kuwo wonke amazinga ukuthi angathathwa noma aphele amandla amabutho e-Tea Party. Ubuholi eSigele, [futhi] ikakhulukazi eNdlu, abukwazi ukulawula izenzo zabo ezihlukahlukene, abukwazi ukusebenzisa inhlanganisela yezaqathi nezinti ukuhlanganisa izinto. Kusho ukuthi ngisho okhethweni, amaRiphabhulikhi awakwazi ukulawula umlayezo awuthumelayo. Ungasho ukuthi uzoba nokufinyelela kubantu besifazane nabancane, futhi ngakusasa u-Rush Limbaugh angasho ukuthi unkulunkulu uyazi-yini. Abantu bangavela e-US Capitol ngefulegi le-Confederate phambi kwe-White House. Izinto azilawuleki.

Ifulege le-Confederate - ingabe kukhona ukubaluleka okukhulu kulokho kuvela nini futhi kuphi?

Kunobunzima ku-Tea Party, ikakhulukazi emazingeni otshani, lokho kucwasa nokucwasa ngokwebala, futhi ngokuqinisekile ifulegi leNhlangano liphinde lifanekise ukumelana nombuso wesifunda - kunezindikimba eziningi lapha ezifana nokuchithwa, kanye nenhlekelele yangaphambi kweMpi Yombango.

Kodwa angicabangi ukuthi kuwusizo ngempela ukumemezela ukuthi sonke isisekelo Sephathi Yetiye sinobandlululo. Angicabangi ukuthi kulula kanjalo. Phakathi kokunye, bavele bacasulwe ngokufika kwabantu abavela kwamanye amazwe njengoba benjalo ngabansundu. Kukhona ngempela ukukhathazeka mayelana noshintsho ekubunjweni komphakathi kweMelika. Kodwa sithole ocwaningweni lwethu ukuthi bayabacasukela futhi abantu abasha - kuhlanganisa nemindeni yabo.

Bacabanga ukuthi abantu abasha abalingani. Ukuthi abazukulu namadodakazi kanye nabashana balindele ukubolekwa imali yamahhala ekolishi, futhi bangawutholi umsebenzi, futhi babe nemibono engewona waseMelika kakhulu ngokombono wabo - njengo-Obama. U-Obama ufanekisela konke lokhu.

Lokho kudlala kanjani kwezombusazwe ezizungeze i-Affordable Care Act, kanye nalezi zinsolo zokuhlasela i-Medicare?

Enye yezimfihlakalo ezinkulu esizame ukubhekana nazo ocwaningweni lwethu ukuthi kungani i-Affordable Care Act, yona esezingeni elifanele - iyingxenye yomthetho ebaluleke kakhulu, kodwa ilinganisiwe ngezindlela zayo - kungani lokho kungaba umthetho obalulekile. i-flashpoint?

Nokho, ngaphandle kwazo zonke izici ezithile zenqubomgomo ezivela kwimvelaphi elondolozayo, umthetho onamandla wokusabalalisa kabusha. Abantu abashiywe ngaphandle ohlelweni lomshwalense bebehola kancane futhi abasebenzi abahola kancane. Bangabantu abasha, abansundu nabamnyama. Bese-ke ufika nomongameli ofanekisela yonke into enyanyekelwa ama-Conservatives nama-Tea Partyers. Futhi uhlongoza ukukhuphula intela kubantu abacebile, abahlomuli beMedicare kanye nebhizinisi ukuze bakhokhele umshwalense walabo bantu abashiywe ngaphandle. Ngakho-ke i-Obamacare iwuphawu ngempela umqondo wokuthi le Melika entsha izothatha okuthile “kuMelika yethu.”

Futhi emandleni emibono, iFreedomworks, amaMelika for Prosperity, Heritage Action - kufanele ubuyele kwekaBill Kristol. memo ngo-1993 ekunakekelweni kwezempilo kukaClinton. Bakhathazekile ngokugcwalisa enye yezimbobo ezinkulu ezweni lezenhlalakahle laseMelika, nokudala ubudlelwano obuhle phakathi kukahulumeni nabantu abasezikhundleni zokusebenza okuzokwenza kube nzima kumaRiphabhulikhi ukuthi awine ukhetho noma aqhubeke nokuthanda kwawo: ukubuyela emuva. I-Social Security kanye ne-Medicare, ingasaphathwa enye ingxenye enkulu yezwe lezenhlalakahle laseMelika.

Enye into uzozwa kusukela kuDemocrats ukuthi zonke izinhlelo ezedlule ezifana nalezi bezilokhu ziphikisana ngaleso sikhathi, bese zithandwa kuze kube yilapho amaRiphabhulikhi angeke avume nokuthi afuna ukuyiqeda. Ingabe sikhona isizathu sokulindela okufanayo lapha?

Yebo. Kuzoba yimpi enzima ngenxa yezinyathelo ezintsha iNkantolo Ephakeme ezinikeze izifundazwe ukunciphisa ukwanda kweMedicaid. Kunombuzo engqondweni yami ukuthi ngabe iqembu lesifunda elise-Texas lizohlala ngaphandle unomphela. Kepha kule nyanga edlule, ngenkathi sinempi efana ne-Armageddon okuthiwa i-Obamacare eWashington, izifundazwe ezimbalwa eziholwa yiRiphabhulikhi zamukele ukunwetshwa kweMedicaid, noma sezizokwenza. Ekugcineni, lokhu kumayelana nemali yokunakekelwa kwezempilo, futhi izifundazwe nezindawo azikwazi ukwenqaba ukunakekelwa kubantu abagulayo kuleli.

Izithakazelo zamabhizinisi nezibhedlela nodokotela bamukela ngokukhulu ukudabuka lokhu kwandiswa okukhulu kwezinsiza emkhakheni wabo, futhi ukunqanyulwa ngokombono womphakathi kudlulele kakhulu. Uma ubabuza mayelana nezinhlinzeko ezithile emthethweni, cishe zonke zidume kakhulu, okuhlanganisa neningi lamaRiphabhulikhi. Ngakho-ke uma le nto isiyenziwe ngempela - futhi ngokusobala ngeke kube lula, futhi akucaci ukuthi abaphathi baka-Obama baphezu kwayo ngokuphelele - lo mthetho uzohlala lapha. Akuyi ndawo. Ngo-2016, ngeke sihlehliswe. Futhi cishe eminyakeni emihlanu ngemva kwalokho, abantu bazobe bezibuza ukuthi ngabe yonke le ngxabano yayimayelana nani.

Uthe ilungelo lisebenza kangcono ekwakheni uhlobo lwezinhlangano ezisebenzisa amandla ezepolitiki. Ucabanga ukuthi yini echaza lokho?

Ngokwengxenye, ilungelo kuleli zwe, engxenyeni yokugcina yekhulunyaka edlule, libone ukuthi ukulwa ezindaweni eziningi nasezifundeni kuyakufanelekela. Futhi benze izindlela zokwenza lokho, futhi lokho kwaba nenzuzo enkulu kuKhongolose. Kukhona futhi lonke uchungechunge lwezizathu zokuthi kungani abavoti abadala asebekhulile, besekelwa izazi zemibono, babe nale nhlanganisela ye-apocalyptic soral certitude nenhlangano ethola imiphumela ngempela. Ikakhulukazi ekuvimbeni izinto kwezepolitiki yaseMelika.

Angicabangi ukuthi kwesokunxele namaphakathi kwesokunxele bangalingisa lokhu. Okokuqala, abanabo ubukhona kuzo zonke izifundazwe nezifunda eziningi. Kodwa futhi akucaci ukuthi iyimodeli okufanele ukulingiswa. Ngicabanga ukuthi inkinga yangempela onayo njengamanje ngakwesobunxele ukuthi ungayinqoba kanjani le nto, ukuthi ungakuqukatha kanjani, ukushaya kanjani - uma kubhekwa amandla ezikhungo zezepolitiki zaseMelika kulolu hlobo lwento. Futhi angicabangi ukuthi kuyacaca ukuthi kuzokwenzekani. 

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