Umthombo: Amadola & Sense

Ngemuva kwenhlekelele edalwe ubhubhane lwe-Covid-19, isithembiso sikamongameli weDemocratic Alliance uJoe Biden "sokwakha kabusha kangcono" siwumzamo wokubuyisela ukuhleleka kwakudala kunokudala umnotho olungile, ozinzile, futhi oqinile. UBiden wenqabile ukugunyaza iziphakamiso zeGreen New Deal, ukuhoxisa amaphoyisa, kanye nokunakekelwa kwezempilo kwendawo yonke, ekubeka kucace ukuthi uzibophezele kakhulu ekugwemeni izinguquko zesakhiwo kunokuzimela. Ngaphandle kokukhula komnotho okude kakhulu emlandweni waseMelika kanye namazinga aphansi okuntuleka kwemisebenzi aholela kulesi sifo esiwubhubhane, inselele ye-Covid-19 iveze ukuthi izigidi zabasebenzi baseMelika bageja amaholo amabili noma amathathu kuphela onqenqemeni lwendlala nokungabi namakhaya. Imigqa yamamayela ubude ezungeza amabhlogo emabhange okudla kanye nokuhlala okuyingozi kumamotela angenawo ugesi kuyizikhumbuzo eziqinile zokuthi izisekelo zomnotho wangaphambi kobhubhane zazintekenteke. Izibalo zika-Biden ezingafanele zezombusazwe zokuthi abantu balangazelela ukubuyela ebuhlotsheni bobumongameli buka-Obama buphikisana neqiniso lokuthi izinqubomgomo zika-Obama zibeka inqwaba yomphakathi waseMelika ebunzimeni obukhulu ubhubhane selubhebhetheke kakhulu.

Ngomoya wokwakha izakhiwo ezibamba iqhaza ngempela ezisekelwe endleleni “okungasho lutho ngathi ngaphandle kwethu” ezinguqukweni zesakhiwo, sibuze abagqugquzeli benhlangano nongqondongqondo abaholayo kulo lonke elase-United States: Kusho ukuthini ngempela ukwakha kabusha kangcono? Izimpendulo esizitholile zabelana ngeqoqo lezimfuno ezihlanganisayo ezidinga uguquko olujulile lwezenhlalo nezomnotho emphakathini wethu okhona. Ekuphenduleni ubuningi bezinkinga esibhekene nazo, indlela engcono kakhulu yokwakha umnotho wobumbano—uhlelo lwezomnotho olusekelwe kubunikazi obuhlangene kanye nentando yeningi eqondile; lapho abasebenzi belawula izindawo zabo zokusebenza, izakhamuzi zilawula izindlu zazo, futhi imiphakathi iphethe ngempela ukutshalwa kwezimali nohulumeni.

Izindawo Zethu Zokusebenza

Izisebenzi ezinamandla kancane namabhizinisi ngokuvamile athwala umthwalo wanoma yikuphi ukwehla komnotho; umuntu kufanele athathe isinyathelo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Futhi ngabasebenzi okuthi, nakuba bebalulekile ekusebenzeni komnotho ezikhathini zokuthuthuka, banikelelwe e-altare lokunqwabelana konxiwankulu ngokuwohloka. Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuqale ukuvalwa kwezindawo, abadla izambane likapondo sebethole cishe yonke imisebenzi abayilahlekele ngenxa yalolu bhubhane, kanti ama-80% ezigidi zemisebenzi elahlekile agxile engxenyeni engezansi yemali engenayo. Ngenkathi amasheya ezinkampani ezinkulu enyuka afinyelela phezulu, iningi lamabhizinisi amancane (58%) akhathazekile ngokuthi kuzofanele avale unomphela ngenxa ye-Covid-19. Izibalo ezinjengalezi zigqugquzele uJoe Guinan, isikhulu esiphezulu ku-The Democracy Collaborative, ukuthi axwayise “ngokululama kwe-Amazon,” lapho, njengoba amabhizinisi amancane, asekhaya efa, “amabhizinisi amakhulu nababhemu bezinkampani banesabelo esikhulu nakakhulu emakethe, osozigidigidi bayaceba (futhi bayanda), futhi ukungalingani kukhokhiswa kakhulu.”

Ukubhekana nalokhu kuthathwa kwezinkampani ezizimele, izishoshovu bezilokhu zikhuthaza izifundazwe nomasipala ukuthi bakhe izikhwama zokulondoloza umnotho wendawo. Ekhuthazwa umlando Wokuwohloka Okukhulu Kwezomnotho, amaqembu anenqubekela phambili ezweni lonke afuna inguqulo entsha ye-Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC), eyayikhona kusukela ngo-1932 kuya ku-1957. I-RFC yathenga iziteki zobunikazi ezinkulungwaneni zezinkampani futhi yasebenzisa isikhundla sayo njenge umnikazi wamasheya omkhulu ukwenza izinto ezifana ne-limited executive pay. Esethulweni seNational League of Cities, uMarjorie Kelly, isikhulu esiphezulu kanye nesekela lomqondisi we-The Democracy Collaborative, uchaze ukuthi lolu hlelo olucatshangelwe kabusha lwalesi sikhwama luzotshala noma luthenge ngokuphelele izinkampani zasendaweni ezisengozini yokwehluleka ngenxa yokungaphumeleli kwezimali. ubhubhane. Inhloso bekuzoba wukuqala kabusha lawa mabhizinisi lapho izimo zomnotho zizowavumela ukuthi athuthuke. Lesi sikhwama sizoba nomsebenzi omusha wokusekela umnotho wendawo futhi, kwezinye izimo, sakhe uhlaka lobunikazi olubandakanya wonke umuntu oluvumela abasebenzi noma umphakathi obanzi ukuthi wabelane ngomcebo okhiqizwa ibhizinisi.

Thatha, isibonelo, i-Main Street Phoenix Project, isikhwama sokulondoloza umnotho wendawo e-Boulder, e-Colo. Yakhiwe iqembu labaholi bamabhizinisi nomphakathi abazibophezele ekuthuthukiseni ubunikazi bezisebenzi bamabhizinisi abawahlengayo. Leli qembu lihlose ukuqongelela amaRandi ayizigidi eziyisi-6 elingakwazi ukuwasebenzisa ukuze lithenge amasheya ezindaweni zokudlela zasendaweni nakwamanye amabhizinisi amancane, ngenhloso yokwakha “umnotho wasemgwaqweni olinganayo futhi oqinile osuselwe emisebenzini esezingeni eliphezulu, ubunikazi babasebenzi kanye nezindawo ezihlala abantu abanempilo.” Abaholi bendawo e-Broward County, Fla. nase-Asheville, NC babonise isithakazelo sokuqala amaphrojekthi afanayo. E-New York, umthethosivivinywa esiShayamthetho sesiFundazwe uhlongoza ukukhushulwa kwezimali zokutshalwa kwezimali kwebhizinisi ngamabhondi athengiswa ku-Federal Reserve's Municipal Liquidity Facility, okubonisa indlela eyodwa isikhwama esinjalo esingakhula ngayo kuzwelonke. Ngokufanayo, e-California, i-Worker-Owned Recovery Coalition ikhuthaza uhulumeni wezwe ukuthi anikeze ngezimali, usizo lobuchwepheshe, kanye nokufinyelela ekudluliseleni ubunikazi bamabhizinisi amancane kubasebenzi bawo.

Izindlu Zethu

Samuel Stein, umhlaziyi wenqubomgomo yezindlu weNhlangano Yenkonzo Yomphakathi yaseNew York kanye nombhali we I-Capital City: I-Gentrification kanye ne-Real Estate State, ithi izimo ezishintshayo zamanje ziwabonisa ngokucacile amaqiniso amaningi ayisihluthulelo: “Izindlu ezinhle nezinzile ziyisisekelo empilweni yomuntu siqu neyomphakathi; amaholo awazange ahambisane nezindleko zezindlu ezikhuphukayo; nokuqagela nokusebenzisa ngokweqile kubeka abanikazi bezindlu abaningi esimweni esibucayi.” Ngisho nomthuthukisi wezindlu osozigidigidi kanye nomgqugquzeli kaDonald Trump uStephen Ross uyavuma, etshela i-New York Times engxoxweni ebabazekayo nephikisanayo: “Edolobheni, sakhe ngokweqile njengohlanya futhi sasinobuholi obubi. Sasikhula kangangokuthi akekho owayekwazi ngempela ukuhlala lapha.”

Imali esele eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.6 zamarandi ezindlu ezibolekwayo zezindlu ezihlala imindeni eminingi kuzoba nzima ukusevisa uma ingxenye yesine yabaqashi iyeka ukukhokha, okunciphise ukugeleza kwemali kwabanikazi bezindlu ngendlela emangalisayo. Kakade ngo-Ephreli, u-20% wabanikazi bezindlu besaba ukungakwazi ukukhokhela izindlu zabo zokuhlala. Ngaphandle kwamathemba e-sanguine ukuthi imakethe yokuqasha izobuya futhi ngoJulayi nango-Agasti, isibalo sezindlu ezingenalutho eManhattan senyuke safinyelela ku-13,000 njengoba abantu baseNew York babalekela idolobha futhi nabathengi abakwazanga ukuthola abaqashi abasha abazovala izikhala. Emuva ngo-Ephreli, kulindelwe igagasi lokuxoshwa kwabantu ezindlini, Omele u-Ilhan Omar waseMinnesota uhlongoze uMthetho Wokukhansela I-Rent and Mortgage Cancellation, enikeza uhulumeni wobumbano umsebenzi wokukhokhela abanikazi bezindlu nababolekisi egameni labaqashi. Umthethosivivinywa ka-Omar uzophinde uhlinzeke ngemali yohulumeni bezifundazwe nabasekhaya, izinhlangano ezingenzi nzuzo, kanye nama-trust omphakathi omhlaba ukuze bathenge izakhiwo ezicindezelekile. Njengoba iCongress ibingafuni ukunikeza abaqashi nganoma yiluphi usizo, futhi ukumisa ukuxoshwa kukahulumeni wendawo kanye nohulumeni wasekhaya kuhlehlisa ukukhokhelwa kwerenti futhi kubambezeleke ukuxoshwa, lokhu kungase kube ukuphela kwezindlu njengoba sikwazi, njengoba izishoshovu zithatha isinyathelo esiqondile ukubhekana nale nkinga ende. -Inkinga yezindlu ekhulayo kuleli.

Yakhelwe ukuphendula ukuklanywa kabusha okuhlongozwayo kwendawo yase-Inwood e-New York City, i-Northern Manhattan is Not for Sale Coalition ithi ukulawulwa komphakathi kuphela kwezindlu okuzoletha izindlu ezithengekayo nezivikelekile kubahlali abahola kancane ngombala. Isiphakamiso sabo esiphikisayo konjiniyela kanye nohulumeni wedolobha abahlose ukuqinisa indawo yangakubo ukwakha i-community land trust (CLT), ethembisa ukugcina izindlu zifinyeleleka ngokuhlukanisa ubunikazi bomhlaba nezakhiwo, ngenkathi kwakheka ingcebo yemindeni yabasebenzi ngokusatshalaliswa kwezimali. izinzuzo. Njengoba inabantu abamele umphakathi ebhodini layo labaphathiswa, i-CLT igcina ubunikazi bomhlaba, okuyingxenye eqagelwe kakhulu yamanani ezakhiwo. Esikhundleni sokuthengisa okujwayelekile, i-CLT ngokuvamile inikeza "abanikazi bezindlu" ukuqasha isikhathi eside. Abanikazi bezindlu bangathengisa izindlu zabo noma ifulethi kodwa bangalokothi bathengise umhlaba ongaphansi futhi bangagcina ingxenye enqunyelwe kusengaphambili yenzuzo uma amanani enyukile. Njengoba uCheryl Pahaham, usihlalo ngokubambisana we-Inwood Legal Action, oyilungu lomfelandawonye, ​​echaza, “ubunikazi bomphakathi kanye nokuphatha kuzodala imiphakathi ezinzile futhi kwenze abantu bakwazi ukukhuphuka ngezinga lezomnotho, bafundise izingane zabo, futhi basekele amanye amalungu omndeni, futhi kuzothuthukisa amabhizinisi.”

U-Pahaham udonsela emlandweni wenhlangano yezindlu zomphakathi eyayiholwa ngabaqashi ngeminyaka yawo-1970 eyakha amamodeli afana nohlelo Lokuqashwa Kwesikhashana Kwesikhashana (TIL) kanye nemifelandawonye ye-Housing Development Fund Corporation (HDFC). Lezi zinhlelo zavela ngenxa yobushoshovu baseNew Yorkers ngokumelene nalokho uPahaham akuchaza ngokuthi “ukulahlwa komnikazi wendawo okuhlelekile nokushiswa kwempahla.” “Iminyaka Eyishumi Yomlilo,” njengoba yaziwa kanjalo, yavezwa izithombe ze-dystopian zawo wonke amabhulokhi edolobha evutha amalangabi eNingizimu Bronx, futhi la malangabi abhebhezelwa ubandlululo, ukunganakwa kwabanikazi bendawo, nokuba lukhuni. Abanikazi bezindlu, bebheka izabelo zabo zezindlu njengezimali ezitshaliwe kuphela, bakhethe ukushisa izakhiwo zabo ukuze baqoqe izinkokhelo zomshwalense, kwesinye isikhathi kube nabaqashi ngaphakathi, esikhundleni sokukhokha imali yendlu kanye nokugcina izimo zokuhlala kubahlali abahola kancane. Naphezu kwemvelaphi yezindlu ezisebenzisanayo ekuzinqumeni kwabantu baseNew York ukuthi babuyisele izindawo ezingomakhelwane babo futhi bakhe kabusha amakhaya abo ashisiwe, uPahaham uyabuza ukuthi ukuzinikela kwedolobha kwakuwumzamo wangempela yini wokuxhasa isithembiso sezindlu ezithengekayo, ezisebenzisanayo. “Ukube [iDolobha laseNew York] bezibophezele kulo modeli wezindlu eziphethwe yizinkampani ezisebenzisanayo, besingeke sibe namafulethi e-HDFC esigidi samadola emakethe, besingeke sibe nama-TIL anyamalala ngendlela engachazeki, futhi bekuyoba nengxoxo engagwegwesi nengenzeleli futhi evulelekile. nokuhlela nokubala lawo ma-TIL nama-HDFC abedonsa kanzima.”

Ngokuka-Jason Wu, ummeli wezindlu e-New York Legal Aid Society, “eshumini leminyaka elidlule, iDolobha lisuse amabhilidi amaningi oHlelweni lwe-TIL futhi lathatha ithuba lokuba ngabaninikhaya ngokubambisana kubaqashi besigaba sabasebenzi abanombala. Lezi zakhiwo zibe sezidluliselwa kubathuthukisi njengezindawo eziqashisayo, ngaphandle kokuqondisa okuncane.” Izishoshovu zezindlu zifundile kuzinqubomgomo ezihlulekile zamashumi eminyaka adlule ngakho-ke manje sezimela izinselelo ezijulile emandleni abanikazi bezindlu. U-Wu uthi “uma izakhiwo zisuswa ohlelweni lwe-TIL, kufanele zinikezwe inketho yokujoyina i-CLT, esikhundleni sokudluliselwa konjiniyela ababeka inzuzo kuqala kunabantu.” Nakuba okuningi ngekusasa lezindlu nokuthuthukiswa kwedolobha kungaqinisekile, uCheryl Panaham, usihlalo-kanye we-Inwood Legal Action, ugcizelela ukuthi “into eyodwa ecacile—asikwazi ukubuyela emakethe yokuqasha eyayivame ukuncisha amashumi ezinkulungwane zezakhamuzi zasemadolobheni. izindlu ezinzile. Ukuthi bekuvamile ukuthi izikole zasemadolobheni zifundise izingane ezingenamakhaya eziyi-100,000 kuya kwezingu-110,000 minyaka yonke kuyacasula futhi kuyacasula ngendlela emangalisayo. Sibonga umbutho weBlack Lives Matter, ophokophela izinguquko futhi osopolitiki bagxile esidingweni sokushintsha, sinethuba lokuphusha ngenkani ezinye izinhlobo zezindlu, ukukhombisa ukuthi ubulungiswa bezindlu buwubulungiswa bobuhlanga. "

Imali Yethu

Ubunzima bokuthola uxhaso lwezimali buyisithiyo esikhulu ekuguquleni amabhizinisi nezindlu zibe ubunikazi obuhlangene, ngakho-ke, ukwenza imali ngentando yeningi kubalulekile ukuze umkhakha womnotho wobumbano ukhule. Uhlelo lwethu lwezezimali lwamanje lwenza umsebenzi omubi kakhulu wokuhlangabezana nezidingo zabantu. Iqiniso lokuthi sinemakethe yamasheya echumayo kuyilapho izigidi zabantu zilahlekelwa imisebenzi nemizi yazo kukhombisa ukuthi incane kangakanani ingcebo yomkhakha wezezimali eboshelwe kwezethu. Ukuphendula, izishoshovu zomnotho wobumbano zenze isiphakamiso sezimali zokutshalwa kwezimali ezilawulwa umphakathi kanye namabhange omphakathi. I-Seed Commons, inethiwekhi yezimali ezilawulwa umphakathi ezicishe zibe ngu-30 e-United States, incane, kodwa ibonisa ukuthi yini engenzeka uma osomabhizinisi abancane nemifelandawonye bengaboleka komakhelwane babo esikhundleni samabhange adla inyama.

Amabhange omphakathi angaphansi kukahulumeni—njengeBhange laseNyakatho Dakota—angakwazi ukuxhasa ngemali ukuguqulwa kwamabhizinisi amancane ahlulekayo kanye nezindawo zokuhlala zibe ama-co-op ezisebenzi nezindlu, noma ukwakhiwa kwama-co-op amasha, ngokuqondile noma ngezimali zokutshala izimali ezilawulwa umphakathi. . Ngo-Okthoba 2019, izishoshovu zaseCalifornia zacindezela uhulumeni wezwe ukuthi avumele amadolobha ukuthi akhe amabhange omphakathi. Ngenyanga elandelayo, uMbusi waseNew Jersey, uPhil Murphy, wasayina umyalo ovumela amadolobha aseNew Jersey ukuba enze okufanayo. I-Public Banking Institute yabhalela wonke umbusi wezwe ngo-Ephreli incwadi ibanxusa ukuthi basungule amabhange omphakathi esifundeni ngasinye ukuze banciphise ukuwa kwezimali okuzayo. Amaqembu afana ne-Philadelphia Public Banking Coalition aphusha uhulumeni wawo wasekhaya ukuthi alalele leli khwelo. Ukwesekwa kwe-Federal Reserve kungase, vele, kukhokhise le mizamo. Njengamabhange azimele, awasesidlangalaleni angaboleka amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi ahlukumezekile—okuhlanganisa nama-co-ops—ngezinhlelo eziphuthumayo i-Federal Reserve ezisungule leyo njongo. Ngaphansi kwe-Paycheck Protection Programme Liquidity kanye ne-Main Street Lending Facilities, amabhange ezentengiselwano asungula izikweletu, kodwa i-Federal Reserve ithenga u-95% noma u-100% wemali mboleko, ngokulandelana, emabhange, ethatha cishe yonke ingozi ababoleki abangase bangayibuyiseli.

Ohulumeni bethu

Ohulumeni bethu bezifundazwe kanye nohulumeni behlulekile ukuvikela izimpilo zethu kanye neholo. Ngemuva kokuphasisa umthetho weCoronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act, iCongress ihlale ezandleni zayo. Ohulumeni bezizwe kwamanye amazwe acebile baye benza okwengeziwe ukuze bavimbele ukulahlekelwa yimisebenzi futhi banikeze imikhaya imali edingekayo ukuze bonke abantu bahlale ekhaya kuze kube yilapho kuphephile ukubuyela emsebenzini, ngaphandle kokwesaba ukulahlekelwa imisebenzi nemizi yabo, noma ukulamba. Isibonelo, eJalimane uhulumeni ukhokha kuze kufike ku-80% wemiholo yabasebenzi uma abaqashi babo bevuma ukungabayeki, okugcina izinga lokungasebenzi lingaphansi kuka-5% kulo lonke lolu bhubhane. Ngokuphambene, e-United States, ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi kufinyelele ku-15% ngo-April, futhi izinzuzo eziningi zokungasebenzi ezifakwe ku-CARES Act ziphelelwe yisikhathi ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi. Kusukela lapho ababusi kanye nezishayamthetho zaseRiphabhlikhi bavimbe olunye usizo, baphoqa abasebenzi ukuthi bakhethe phakathi kokubeka izimpilo zabo engcupheni ngokubuyela emisebenzini engaphephile noma ezindleleni zabo zokuziphilisa ngokuhlala ekhaya. Ngo-Ephreli, ama-70% abantu baseMelika basekela i-oda lokuhlala ekhaya, kwathi ngo-Agasti, ngisho nangemva kwezinyanga zokuvalelwa, ama-59% asaqhubeka. Kuze kube manje, uhulumeni wobumbano kanye nohulumeni abaningi bezifundazwe behlulekile ukuphendula izifiso zabaningi. Esikhundleni sokwehliswa kwentela kwabacebile nabathola ibheyili kanye nokuvikelwa emacaleni ezinkampani ezinkulu, intando yeningi emazingeni aphansi izobeka eqhulwini impilo yomphakathi, ukuphepha kwabasebenzi, kanye nokwesekwa kwabaqashi kanye nosomabhizinisi abancane.

“Siyazi ukuthi noma ngabe ngubani ophumelele kulolu khetho, sisazovuka ngoNovemba 4 emhlabeni lapho abantu abathwele isihluku sokungabi nabulungiswa kwezinhlanga, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye ne-Covid-19 bengakafakwa etafuleni uma ifika. ukuxazulula lezi zimo eziphuthumayo,” kuchaza u-Elizabeth Crews, umqondisi weDemocracy Beyond Elections, umkhankaso oholwa yi-Participatory Budgeting Project. “Kufanele sicabange kabusha ukuthi sihlobana kanjani futhi sibambe iqhaza ezinqumweni ezithinta impilo yethu yansuku zonke. Kufanele sakhe kabusha intando yeningi ukuze sigxile ekuthathweni kwezinqumo kwangempela okuholwa umphakathi okulinganayo, okufinyelelekayo, futhi okubalulekile. Amazwi emiphakathi encishwe amathuba kumele agxile ekunqumeni ngokuqondile izinqubomgomo nezabelomali.”

Isabelomali esibambe iqhaza, inqubo lapho izakhamuzi zihlangana khona emihlanganweni yomakhelwane ukuze zixoxisane ngamaphrojekthi futhi zivotele ngokuqondile izinto ezizofakwa kwisabelomali sikamasipala, kudonse isithakazelo esikhulayo. Njengamanje isetshenziswa ngamazinga ahlukahlukene ngohulumeni basekhaya abangaphezu kwe-110 e-United States naseCanada, okuhlanganisa nasemadolobheni amakhulu anjengeNew York neChicago. Ngo-2016, i-Phoenix Union High School District e-Phoenix, e-Ariz. yaba yisifunda sesikole sokuqala e-United States ukusebenzisa isabelomali esibamba iqhaza ukuze kwabelwane ngemali yesifunda sonke. Ngasekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, abafundi bakulesi sifunda banqume ukungasivuseleli isivumelwano sezikole nezikhulu zezinsiza zesikole zedolobha ngonyaka wesikole ka-2020–2021. Kukhombisa amandla okuba nesabelo-zimali esibambe iqhaza ukuze kuzuzwe ubulungiswa bezinhlanga lapho osopolitiki abesaba izinyunyana zamaphoyisa behluleka ukubhekana ngqo nodaba. U-Rahel Mekdim Teka we-Participatory Budgeting Project uthi izigidi ezingu-1.2 zamaRandi ezimali ezitholakalayo manje zizosetshenziselwa ukwethula “uhlelo lwesabelomali olubandakanya isikole oluzogxilisa amazwi omfundi, umndeni, nomphakathi ekuchazeni kabusha ukuphepha, futhi kutshalwe ngqo kulowo mbono. ”

Hhayi i-Panacea

Ama-Co-op, ama-community trusts omhlaba, amabhange omphakathi, kanye nesabelomali esibambe iqhaza akusona isixazululo, ikakhulukazi uma eqhubeka nokusebenza njengeziqhingi zobumbano olwandle lonxiwankulu. I-Mondragón Corporation ehlonishwayo, umfelandawonye omkhulu wabasebenzi emhlabeni wonke onenzuzo engaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-13 zamaRandi, igxekwe ngokuntula kwayo ukuhlanganyela kwezisebenzi, ukusetshenziswa kwezisebenzi zesikhashana, kanye nobunikazi bezinkampani ezingaphansi kwamanye amazwe. Noma kunjalo, i-Mondragón Corporation yenze umnotho wase-Basque waqina kakhulu, ngokuntuleka kwemisebenzi kwehle ngo-10% kunaseSpain yonke ngemva kokuqhuma kwebhamuza lezindlu zakuleli ngo-2010. Khonamanjalo, amadlelandawonye amaningi ezindlu eDolobheni laseNew York awanamali. Amaphrojekthi wesabelomali esibamba iqhaza avame ukuhlala emancane, kanti osopolitiki baphikisana nemizamo yokuyeka ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kwemali yomphakathi. Ngisho nase-Porto Alegre, e-Brazil, lapho i-Workers' Party idale isabelomali esibamba iqhaza ukuze kubhekwane nenkohlakalo egcwele kuhulumeni kamasipala, izakhamuzi azizange zikwazi ukulawula okungaphezu kwengxenye encane yesabelomali. Amabhange amaningi omphakathi kanye nentuthuko kuyo yonke iGlobal South ngeminyaka yawo-1970 kanye nawo-1980s aba yizimoto zokuxhunyelelwa nokucwasana kwaze kwaba yilapho enziwa angasese njengengxenye yezinguquko ze-neoliberal structural adjustment. Mhlawumbe inselelo enkulu yenhlangano ekhulayo yezomnotho wobumbano akukhona nje ukukhulisa lezi zikhungo kodwa ukuzixhumanisa ngezindlela lapho ziqinisana khona futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi zihlala zithembekile emisebenzini yazo.

Ungakha Kanjani Ngempela Emuva Kangcono

Akukhona nje ukuthi umnotho owubhubhane uphonse umphakathi waseMelika ezimpini ezivulekile zekilasi — manje sekuyisigaba sosozigidi ngokumelene nawo wonke umuntu. Kodwa ngokwenza lokho kuphinde kwaqeda ukuzethemba kwabantu ezinkampanini ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Isigaba esibusayo esinamandla esake saphathiswa ukuvikela abantu baseMelika manje sesiwukwehluleka okungenakuphikiswa kwesikhungo. Lapho bengekho, sekuvele ukuvumelana okusha: Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokwakha kabusha ngokweqiniso ukwakha umnotho wobumbano. Nokho imiphumela yokhetho iyanyakaza, abasebenzi, abahlelekile nabanodlame, bayisixazululo semizabalazo ezayo.

U-FRANCISCO PÉREZ (@Platanomics) ungumqondisi we-Centre for Popular Economics kanye ne-Ph.D. ongenele ukhetho lwezomnotho eNyuvesi yaseMassachusetts-Amherst, ecwaninga ngomlando nomnotho wezepolitiki wezinyunyana zemali e-Afrika.

U-LUIS FELIZ LEÓN (@Lfelizleon) ungumhleli, intatheli, kanye nesazi esizimele emlandweni wenhlangano yezenhlalo esenza izinkinga ezinhle eNew York City.

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