Ngekhulu lama-21, abesifazane bezigaba zabasebenzi - abaqashwe emnothweni osemthethweni, umnotho ongakahleleki, abasebenza emaphandleni noma abasebenza kanzima - bangene esigabeni sezepolitiki emhlabeni wonke ngoxhaxha olumangalisayo lweminyakazo. Ibangelwa yimpi yonxiwankulu kubasebenzi, izindawo ezivalekile ezishanela abalimi nabalimi emhlabeni noma zicekela phansi izimpilo zabo kuwo, kanye nenkinga nokuqina kobudlelwano bezinzalamizi, lezi zinhlangano zithuthukisa ipolitiki yesocialist-feminist - kunokuningi okunikezwayo. kwesobunxele njengoba iphumputha ibheke amafomu amasha enhlangano kanye namasu okuhlela.

Emazweni aseningizimu, njengoba abesifazane bezithola beshiywe dengwane, beqashwe emisebenzini eyingozi, bephethe imizi, bezabalaza ukuphila emijondolo nasemadolobheni, abagcini nje ngokubamba iqhaza ababalulekile emikhankasweni yekhulu lama-21, kodwa futhi bakha amaphrojekthi aphansi ahlela amaphrojekthi. inselele izinhlobo zezinzalamizi zokuhlela, ubuholi, kanye nezimfuno zokunyakaza.

Enyakatho yomhlaba wonke, la maphrojekthi asebenzise izindlela ezintsha zokuhlela zabasebenzi ezithembele ekuhlanganiseni amalungu nokwakha imifelandawonye yomphakathi. Nakuba ingakaze iphelele, yebo, le miklamo ehlukene ye-socialist-feminist, enyakatho naseningizimu, emphakathini nasezindaweni zokusebenza, lapho ingcono kakhulu inikeza izinkulumo ezintsha zokulingana ngobulili, izindlela ezintsha zokuhlela, kanye nemibono yentando yeningi yokubamba iqhaza.

Ikhulunyaka lama-21 liphinde labona ukwanda nokujula kwamanethiwekhi alwela amalungelo abantu besifazane bamazwe ngamazwe. Kukhona, vele, ukungezwani kwezigaba ngaphakathi kwala manethiwekhi futhi amanye amanethiwekhi abhekana nalokhu kungezwani kangcono kunamanye. [1] Noma kunjalo, amanethiwekhi ayizinsiza ezibalulekile zokuhlela i-socialist-feminist, ngoba yizo lapho izinkulumo zabesifazane zisakazwa emhlabeni wonke, zihlanganiswa endaweni futhi ngokuvamile zibunjwa kabusha ngobuciko ohlelweni. [2]

Singacabanga nge-socialist feminism ngokubanzi kakhulu - ukufaka bonke abantu besifazane (ukuthi bazohlonza ilebula noma cha) ababona isigaba njengento eyinhloko, kodwa engeke inciphise ubudlelwano bamandla nelungelo elihlelwe ngobunjalo obuthile (ubulili, ubulili, uhlanga/ ethnicity, nationality) ukubeka ingcindezelo ngokwezigaba.

I-revolutionary socialist feminism ayizimisele ukuvumela ubunxiwankulu ukuthi bubeke umkhathi kulokho okungacatshangwa noma kube nzima ngakho.

Ama-Socialist-feminists aqala lapho iningi labantu besifazane liqala khona: ukukhululwa kwabesifazane kufanele kuvele kwabesifazane ngokwethu, kodwa ngeke kuzuzwe ngokwethu. Kusukela kulesi sikhathi sokuqala, ama-socialist-feminists anentshisekelo ikakhulukazi ekwakheni izinhlangano ezibandakanya abantu besifazane kanye nabasebenzi, abomdabu, kanye nabesifazane basemaphandleni.

Ukuzihlanganisa kwabantu besifazane kungaba okokucwasa noma ukubumbana - okungukuthi, kungahle kukhiqize ukuhlukana okukhona phakathi kwabesifazane noma kufinyelele ngaphezu kwabo. Umbono wepolitiki okuhlanganisa ngawo ama-socialist-feminists uhlose ukuthuthukisa ubushoshovu nobuholi, imfundo nokuqwashisa, izimfuno nezinkulumo, kanye nepolitiki yansuku zonke ebonayo futhi esebenzela ukunqoba lokhu kwahlukana okujulile. Kule nqubo ama-feminists e-socialist abheke ekuthuthukiseni ipolitiki "yokubili/kanye" ehlanganisa lokho okungazuzwa lapha namanje kuphrojekthi yesikhathi eside yoguquko emphakathini.

IGlobal South

Ngicabanga ukuthi sonke siyaqaphela ukuthi umoya wentando yeningi usemoyeni - kube yisibonelo kokuthi Occupy, Tahrir square kanye ne-Indignados. Le nhlangano inanela imihlangano edumile kanye nokunye ukuhlola kwentando yeningi okufana nesabelomali esibambe iqhaza obekubaluleke kakhulu ekwakheni "i-socialism yekhulu lama-21."

Ngale kwalezi zikhathi zokukhuphuka, abesifazane bezigaba zabasebenzi bebelokhu beqhubekisela phambili amaphrojekthi asezingeni eliphansi ahlanganisa futhi asuselwa kunkambiso yentando yeningi yokubamba iqhaza ezoba yisisekelo sokumisa kabusha kwesokunxele. Ngokuvalelwa ngaphandle kalula ezinhlanganweni ezisemthethweni, ezisemthethweni, ezisemthethweni, ziwumgogodla wezinhlangano zasendaweni futhi zinokuzuza okuningi ezinhlotsheni ezintsha zokuba yisakhamuzi ezikhuthaza futhi ezisekela ukubamba iqhaza kwezombusazwe kusukela phansi. [3]

Imiklamo yabo yokuhlela ihlose ukwakha ezinye izindlela zomsebenzi “zobudoda” kanye nezitayela zomsebenzi eziyizithiyo ekuzithuthukiseni nasekuholeni abesifazane. Bahlose futhi ukuhlela emiphakathini nasezindaweni zokusebenza ukuze bawine izinguquko, okuhlanganisa izinguquko emthethweni kanye nezinqubomgomo zikahulumeni. Ngakho-ke, izishoshovu ziphoqeleka ukuthi zicabange ukuthi zingahlanganisa kanjani "i-horizontalism" egqugquzelwe ama-Zapatistas kanye neminye imisinga yesokunxele ezimele kanye nokusebenzelana kwezishoshovu nombuso.

Nginikeza izibonelo ezimbili, i-Coalition for Justice in the Maquiladoras (CJM) kanye ne-Via Campesina, ukukhombisa izici ezihlukene zamasu obusoshiyali-besifazane kanye negalelo lawo elingaba khona ekuhleleni imizabalazo emelene nonxiwankulu. [4]

Yakhiwa ngo-1989 ngesikhathi sezinkulumo-mpikiswano ze-NAFTA, i-CJM iwumfelandawonye ohlanganisa imikhakha eminingi, yamazwe ngamazwe esekela abasebenzi basefekthri baseMexico. Umxhumanisi we-CJM, u-Martha Ojeda, waqala njengesisebenzi se-maquiladora, waba umhleli, futhi ekugcineni wasiza ekutholeni i-CJM.

I-CJM ifundisa abasebenzi ukuthi bazenzele olwabo ucwaningo ezinkampanini, benze imephu yenqubo yokukhiqiza, babone izindleko zokufakwayo uma kuqhathaniswa namanani emikhiqizo ethengiswayo, ukuhlonza izimo zempilo nezokuphepha ezephula umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe wezabasebenzi. Ukusebenza ndawonye kwakha ukwethembana nokubumbana. Ukwengeza, ngokuthuthukisa ulwazi lwabasebenzi namakhono okuhlaziya, i-CJM ibukela phansi i-mystique yobuchwepheshe ebaluleke kakhulu kuziphathimandla zokuphatha futhi ikhuthaza ukuthembela kumbono womphakathi wentando yeningi wezenhlalakahle.

Enye yezindawo ze-CJM zokuhlela emngceleni osenyakatho weMexico yiNuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, isikhungo sama-maquiladoras. Phakathi kuka-2001 no-2007, i-CJM yahlela imihlangano eminingana eyayihlanganisa abasebenzi be-maquiladora, ama-campesino kanye namalungu omphakathi wendabuko avela e-Chiapas. [5]

Ngokungeziwe ekudaleni isikhala sokucabangisisa mayelana nobudlelwano bobulili, le mihlangano yavala ukuhlukana okungokomlando phakathi kwabantu bomdabu abavela eningizimu ye-Mexico kanye nabasebenzi be-maquiladora enyakatho. Benza imiphakathi ukuthi ifunde emlandweni omude womunye wokuhlela.

Ngo-2004, abasebenzi nemindeni yabo bafuna ukuhlala emhlabeni owawuyi-ejido (womphakathi) lapho babengahlala khona ngaphandle kokukhokha irenti futhi bazilimele okunye ukudla kwabo. Ngemva kokuhlasela izwe, izakhamuzi zaxoshwa ngomyalo kamphathi-dolobha waseNuevo Laredo; kodwa baphinde babuya ngo-2005. Abesifazane bahola zombili izikhathi.

Ekuqaleni izakhamuzi zamakoloni zazihlelelwe ukuqashelwa nezinkonzo ezivela kuhulumeni wedolobha, kodwa ngemva kokubekezelela iminyaka eminingana yodlame nokunganakwa kukahulumeni, nokulandela ukushintshana okuningana nezishoshovu ezivela emiphakathini yaseZapatista eChiapas, banquma ukuhambisa amandla abo ukuze bazisekele.

Abesifazane bayaqhubeka nokudlala indima yobuholi lapho futhi izakhamuzi ziphishekela amaphrojekthi ezomnotho esimeme njengokuthatha umthombo wamanzi oseduze nokufaka ompompi emigwaqweni eminingi. Bakhe umtholampilo omncane, ohhavini belanga kanye nomshini wokuphehla umoya, futhi basungula izingadi zomphakathi zezihlahla zezithelo, imifino, namakhambi okwelapha.

I-CJM ihlinzeka ngokunakekela izingane kuyo yonke imihlangano yabo nemisebenzi futhi ikhuthaza “ukulungiswa kobulili” okuncane kodwa okubalulekile okuvela ezimpilweni zabesifazane lapho bematasa kwezombusazwe. [6] Uhlelo lwe-CJM Lokuhlonyiswa Kwabasebenzi luhlinzeka ngethuba lokuthi abesifazane bathuthukise ukuhlaziya ubudlelwano bobulili emakhaya abo, ezinhlanganweni nasemiphakathini.

Ngokuka-Ojeda, “Abagqugquzeli besifazane ababambe iqhaza ohlelweni lwe-CJM Empowerment benza ukuxhumana phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo zodlame. Bafunda ukuthi umsuka wenkinga awukona nje uhlelo lwezinzalamizi kodwa futhi wuhlelo lonxiwankulu oludala udlame olubhekiswe kwabesifazane, okuhlanganisa nodlame lwakamuva olwenziwa ubugebengu obuhleliwe, obuphinde buwumphumela wombuso we-neoliberal capitalist.

"Abesifazane be-colonia uBlanca Navidad eNuevo Laredo, abesifazane base-maquilas, abesifazane bomdabu kanye nama-campesinas aseChiapas abaye bahileleka e-encuentros bahlobene nobudlova nokuntuleka kwamalungelo omhlaba, ukuntuleka kokufinyelela ezindlini ezihloniphekile nemisebenzi, ekunakekelweni kwezempilo. , kanye nemfundo.” [7]

Udlame Olubhekiswe Kwabesifazane luphinde lwathathwa ngabagqugquzeli besifazane basezindaweni zasemakhaya e-La Via Campesina, umfelandawonye wamazwe ngamazwe wabalimi, abalimi, abasebenzi basemapulazini kanye nemiphakathi yendabuko esebenza ngezolimo evela ezindaweni namasiko ahlukahlukene. Izishoshovu zabesifazane e-Via bebelokhu behlela ukulungisa kabusha ubudlelwano bobulili ezinhlanganweni zabo nasemiphakathini yabo.

Ekusungulweni kwayo, ngo-1992, i-Via yabonisa imikhuba ye-patriarchal kanye nombono wezombusazwe wezinhlangano ezingamalungu ayo - isibonelo, bonke abaxhumanisi besifunda abakhethwa engqungqutheleni yokuqala yamazwe ngamazwe kwakungamadoda. Ukubunjwa kweKhomishana Yabesifazane ngo-1996 kwadala isikhala sokuthi abesifazane ngaphakathi kwe-Via Campesina bahlele futhi baphonsele inselelo imikhuba nezinqubomgomo zezinzalamizi.

Nakuba izinhlangano ezikhethekile zokubhekana nezindaba zabesifazane zingaba amathuluzi okuhlanganisa nokucwaswa, akubanga njalo e-Via Campesina. U-Annette Desmarais uphikisa ngokuthi lokhu ngokwengxenye kungenxa yokusebenza kwentando yeningi (ngokuqhathaniswa) kwe-Via. [8]

IKhomishana Yabesifazane, kanye nezingqungquthela zamazwe ngamazwe ezihlukene zezishoshovu besifazane ezizihlelile, zibe nomthelela omkhulu ekumelelekeni kwabesifazane ku-Via nasezinhlanganweni ezingamalungu ayo.

Ngo-Okthoba 2008, Umhlangano Wesithathu Wabesifazane Wamazwe Ngamazwe we-La Via Campesina wagunyaza ukwethulwa komkhankaso oqondiswe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zodlame abesifazane ababhekana nazo emphakathini (ophakathi kwabantu kanye nolwesakhiwo). Ekuxhumaniseni udlame lombuso oluqondiswe emiphakathini yabo nodlame olubhekiswe kwabesifazane olwenziwa emiphakathini yabo, abesifazane base-Via Campesina balandele indlela ethathwe abesifazane bomdabu kanye nabesifazane bemibala behlela ngokumelene nodlame lobulili eNyakatho Melika.

Izinhlangano ezimelene nodlame lwabesifazane ezivamile ziye zayeka noma yikuphi ukugxekwa kwengalo yombuso yengcindezelo, futhi zibheka ukuxoxisana phakathi kodlame lwamadoda nezimo zengcindezelo nokuxhashazwa njengokuthi “ukudedela amadoda angabi nankinga.” Kodwa-ke, izinhlangano zabesifazane bemibala ziye zagcizelela ukuthi ukuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili emiphakathini yabo ngeke kubhekwane nakho ngokuhlukaniswa nokuhlukunyezwa kwemiphakathi yabo. [9]

I-Sacred Circle, isikhungo esizinze eNingizimu Dakota sase-American Indian sodlame lwasekhaya nolocansi, siphikisa ngokuthi ubukhosi boMdabu abukwazi ukufezwa ngaphandle kwenhlalakahle Yabesifazane Bomdabu. [10] Kusukela endaweni yabo ethile yomphakathi, izishoshovu zabesifazane boMdabu lapha zithuthukisa ipolitiki enqaba ukuma kweqoqo lamalungelo abantu ngabanye ngokubonisa ukuthi ukuzuza amalungelo eqoqo (ubukhosi), nokwakha umphakathi ngokusekelwe kulawo malungelo, kokubili kuncike ngokugcwele. ukubamba iqhaza nokulingana kwabesifazane (ukuqashelwa kwamalungelo abo omzimba ngamunye) emphakathini womzabalazo. [11]

NgoJuni 2013, kulandela ukuhola okwathathwa uMkhandlu Wabesifazane, owawubanjwe ngaphambi nje kweNgqungquthela Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yesi-6, i-Via Campesina yavotela ukuthi ihlanganise, okokuqala ngqa, ukuphikiswa kokucwaswa kwabantu abathandana nobulili obufanayo njengengxenye yohlelo lomsebenzi wenhlangano. Ubizo oluvotelwe yi-VI Conference yaseLa Via Campesina luthi:

“Sifuna ukuhlonishwa kwawo wonke amalungelo abantu besifazane. Ekwenqabeni ubungxiwankulu, ubandlululo, ukucwasa abantu besifazane kanye nokucwasa ngokwebala nobuhlanga, siqinisekisa ukuzibophezela kwethu ekulinganeni okuphelele kwabesifazane nabesilisa. Lokhu kufuna ukuthi kuqedwe zonke izinhlobo zodlame olubhekiswe kwabesifazane, emakhaya, emphakathini nasezikhungweni ezindaweni zasemakhaya nasemadolobheni. Umkhankaso wethu wokulwa nodlame olubhekiswe kwabesifazane usemongweni wemizabalazo yethu.” [12]

Lokhu kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ngoba amalungelo okuzikhethela ngokocansi kanye nokuhushula izisu kaningi “ayengekho etafuleni” emigudwini ebandakanya abesifazane bezigaba ezisebenzayo, futhi ngokuvamile kube nokungezwani okubalulekile (okukhomba umehluko wobuhlanga/ubuzwe/ubuhlanga nesigaba. ) phakathi kwezishoshovu ezihlanganisa izithakazelo zobulili ezingokoqobo zabesifazane (ezisekelwe endimeni yokunakekela yabesifazane emndenini nasemphakathini) kanye nezishoshovu ezihlela mayelana nezimfuno ezivela ezithakazelweni zamasu zobulili zabesifazane (ezisekelwe ekufuneni kwabesifazane ukuzinqumela ngokomzimba nangokobulili). [13]

Ekhulwini lama-21, imibono ye-socialist-feminist iye yazuza ukuthengwa okukhulu kakhulu njengoba abesifazane emiphakathini edumile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yasemadolobheni noma yasemakhaya, bezihlelele ukuphonsela inselelo imikhuba ye-patriarchal. Kubonakala sengathi e-Via Campesina, ukungezwani phakathi kwezifiso zobulili ezingokoqobo kanye nezintshisakalo zobulili kunqotshiwe, okungenani ngokwengxenye, ngenhlangano yabesifazane ngaphakathi kwe-Via kanye nokusebenzisana kwabo okuphumelelayo ne-World March of Women kanye nezinye izinhlangano ezilwela amalungelo abantu besifazane. izinhlangano.

Ukuqaphela kuka-Via kwe-homophobia kukhombisa ukufakwa emhlabeni wonke kwamalungelo e-LGBT okuqhubeke nokushesha okungakaze kubonwe kule minyaka embalwa edlule. Nokho kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi, ngokungafani nepolitiki ekhululekile yamalungelo omshado manje edlangile e-United States, e-Via Campesina umzabalazo wokulwa nokucwaswa kwabantu abathandana bobulili obufanayo ufakwe embonweni ohlanganisayo wenguquko futhi omelene nokucwasa ngokobuhlanga kanye no-capitalist.

I-Global North

Manje uma ngibheka enyakatho yomhlaba wonke, ngifuna ukugxila kwezombusazwe zabasebenzi abanakekelayo nokuthi umbono wesocialist-feminist ungaba negalelo kanjani ekuhleleni ngokumelene ne-austerity. Nakuba amandla nokufinyelela kwezinsizakalo zikahulumeni kuhluka kakhulu emazweni ngamazwe, yonke indawo inkambiso ibheke ekwenziweni kwangasese kanye nokwenza kube semthethweni ukunakekela izingane ezincane, asebekhulile, abakhubazekile kanye nabagulayo.

Lobu ubuso obuvelele bokulungiswa kwesakhiwo se-neoliberal enyakatho yomhlaba. Kudale isidingo sokusebenza kwabantu bokufika, kugudluzwa ubulili babafuduki busuka kwabesilisa kakhulu iye kwabesifazane kakhulu. [14]

Abasebenzi besifazane emkhakheni wokunakekela bahlanganisa izinhlobonhlobo eziningi ngokuya ngekilasi - kusukela kothisha bemfundo yabantwana abancane nabaphathi bezikhungo zokunakekela izingane, abasizi bothisha, abahlanzi bezindlu, abazanyana, abanakekela ikhaya, abahlengikazi, nabanye. amakhono abo angaziwa futhi akhokhelwa kancane. Isimo sokuba yisakhamuzi kanye nobuhlanga/ubuzwe kubekwa imephu kulo mehluko futhi.

Uma sandisa umbono wethu wezisebenzi ezinakekelayo ukuze zifake izibhedlela nezikole zikahulumeni, sibona ukuthi abasebenzi besifazane nezinyunyana zabo ziya ngokuya ziba ngaphansi kophawu “lwendlovukazi yezenhlalakahle” - enesihloko esithi drains on the budget, kanye ne-lazy to boot - ngamanye amazwi, izithiyo zokuthuthukisa izinsiza zomphakathi.

Izinyunyana zabesifazane, ikakhulukazi othisha nabahlengikazi, bazibambele mathupha kulokhu kuhlaselwa ngokuthi bangazihlanganisi bona kuphela kodwa nabantu abathembele ezinsizeni zabo. Njengoba othisha abangamasosha besho, “izimo zethu zokusebenza ziyizimo zokufunda zabafundi bethu.” [15] I-California Nurses' Association ihlele umfelandawonye obanzi ukuze kuphasiswe umthetho ogunyaza izilinganiso zabahlengikazi neziguli ezibhedlela. [16]

Mhlawumbe obekungalindelekile kakhulu, i-Domestic Workers United, inhlangano eyaqala ngabazanyana nabahlanzi bezindlu ababehlela eNew York City, ayiwinanga nje kuphela “incwadi yamalungelo” yabasebenzi basezindlini ezingeni ledolobha kanye nasesishayamthetho sesifundazwe saseNew York, kodwa yakhuthaza ukunwetshwa nokusungulwa kwamanye amaphrojekthi ahlela abasebenzi basezindlini.

Le nhlangano kazwelonke isanda kuthola isinqumo esivela kuhulumeni wobumbano sokuthi, ngokokuqala ngqa, abasebenzi basezindlini bazophathwa yimithetho yenhlangano elawula amahora okusebenza, ezempilo nokuphepha, inkokhelo yesikhathi esengeziwe, kanye nelungelo lesikhathi sokuphumula. [17]

Ukunqamula ukungezwani phakathi kothisha, abahlengikazi kanye nabasebenzi basezindlini, la maphrojekthi ahlanganyela amasu amabili abalulekile: 1) ukuhlela ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwendawo yokusebenza, kanye 2) nokuqwashisa nokwesekwa kwesithunzi nokubaluleka komsebenzi wokunakekela. Benza ubumbano emphakathini, basikhumbuze ngokuncikelana kwethu, futhi bavikele umthwalo wemfanelo womphakathi wokunakekelwa. Ngalezi zindlela, bamele inselelo eyisisekelo emibonweni ye-neoliberal yezamabhizinisi, ukuba ngabantu ngabanye, kanye “nokuzanelisa.”

Enye yezinkulumo zezepolitiki eziphoqayo ze-neoliberal yisidingo sokuthi uhulumeni “aphendule kakhudlwana” ngokuthola inkontileka ezinhlanganweni ezizimele nezingenzi nzuzo okuthiwa zivumelana nezimo futhi ezisabelayo kulabo abathembele kuzo. Singamelana ngempumelelo nalolu hlelo lwe-neoliberal ngokwakha phezu kocwaningo kuhulumeni wentando yeningi oluzuzwe ngemizabalazo edumile kanye nezinyunyana zabasebenzi. Lezi zinhlelo zokudala zinikeza ezinye izindlela esikhundleni sokuphatha ngendlela ephoqelela kakhulu kunokuzibandakanya komgunyathi kanye nokuziphendulela okukha phezulu okuthenjiswe ukwenziwa kwangasese.

Abesifazane bakhona kakhulu kunabesilisa njengabasebenzi abakhokhelwayo futhi njengabamukeli bezinsizakalo zokunakekela (ngokuvamile egameni lezingane nezihlobo zabantu abadala); umnyakazo wokwenza intando yeningi ukunakekelwa kuzoba wumbutho wabesifazane. Njengakuqala, kuzoba khona ukungezwani kwezigaba kanye nokuhlukana ikakhulukazi kobuhlanga/ubuzwe kanye nokuba yisakhamuzi okuzodingidwa. Noma kunjalo, ukunakekelwa kwedemokhrasi kuyindlela enezithelo zokuthuthukisa ipolitiki ye-socialist-feminist kanye nokwandisa indlela kwesokunxele eqonda ngayo ukulwa ne-austerity.

I-Democratizing Care

Imizamo yokwenza umbuso wentando yeningi ngokusebenzisa izikhungo ezintsha zentando yeningi ebambisene naye ibe wumgogodla wenhlangano ebheke kwi-socialism yekhulu lama-21 eLatin America. Enyakatho yomhlaba wonke, ucwaningo “lokuvula” uhulumeni aluzange lube yinto emangalisayo kodwa nokho luyakhuthaza. Bakude nokuphelela futhi kusekuningi okufanele bakufunde.

Noma kunjalo, izinhlelo zokwenza umbuso wentando yeningi zigqashule ezindleleni zokuhlela nokucabanga ngohulumeni ophethe izinyunyana futhi washiya amasu, okusishiya sibambe ongezansi engxoxweni engathi shu mayelana nokuthi sisebenze noma singasetshenziselwe ukuguqula isimo sombuso noma sidale ukuzimela ngaphambi kokhetho. ezinye izindlela ezingokomfanekiso zombuso. [18]

Encwadini ethi Reclaim the State, u-Hilary Wainwright uchaza impumelelo nokwehluleka kwemizamo embalwa yokwenza uhulumeni enze intando yeningi. Eyodwa ikakhulukazi, e-Newcastle England, iyangithakasela ngoba imayelana nenyunyana yomkhakha womphakathi eqhudelana nosonkontileka ozimele lapho umkhandlu wendawo unquma “ukukhipha” wonke umnyango.

Inyunyana ihlongoze ukuhlelwa kabusha okuphelele komnyango okuhlanganisa ukuphulwa kwesigaba sokuphatha, ukubandakanya abasebenzi kuzo zonke izinqumo ezibalulekile mayelana nezinqubo nezinqubomgomo, ukwabelana ngolwazi nobungcweti phakathi kwabasebenzi, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngokuqeqeshwa kabusha kwabantu ngabanye amakhono abo enziwe angasebenzi. Lokhu kwakungelona “ithimba” elithandwa kakhulu izimenenja zezinkampani, kodwa kwakuyintando yeningi yangempela lapho umnyango wawusebenza njengomfelandawonye wabasebenzi kunesikhungo sikahulumeni wendabuko. Futhi esikhundleni sokuzungeza inyunyana, ukuhlelwa kabusha kwaletha izinga lokubandakanyeka kwenyunyana endaweni yokusebenza eyayingekho ngaphambili. [19]

Enye indlela yokuhlela ukwenza intando yeningi kanye nokuxhumana nomsebenzi onakekelayo umfelandawonye womphakathi. Amadlelandawonye ezenhlalakahle amadlelandawonye abasebenzi aqashelwa futhi axhaswe uhulumeni futhi okudingeka afake abamukeli bezinsizakalo ekubuseni kwawo. Nakuba ingezona ngokwazo eziqinile, imifelandawonye yezenhlalakahle iyinkundla yomzabalazo ebekela inselele imibono ye-neoliberal futhi evula isikhala sepolitiki ye-socialist-feminist.

Ukuhlonza i-neoliberal yokuzinqumela "ngokuzikhethela komthengi" kuyimibono futhi kungokoqobo. Ukukhetha kwabathengi kunamandla ngoba kubonisa ubudlelwano bangempela phakathi kwezikhungo ezihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zomphakathi (noma ngabe ezingenzi-nzuzo noma izinhlelo zikahulumeni) kanye nabantu abazidingayo. Nakuba singakhuluma ngokungananazi mayelana nezimpahla zomphakathi njengalezo zinto esinazo ngokufanayo, esikhathini esiningi sibhekana nazo maqondana nezinsizakalo zomphakathi njengabathengi. Njengoba abasebenzisi behlangabezana nazo, izimpahla zomphakathi ezilethwa ngezinhlangano ezisemthethweni, ezilandelanayo, nezingafinyeleleki ziseduze kakhulu nempahla kunokujwayelekile.

Amadlelandawonye omphakathi, ahlanganisa ubunikazi bezisebenzi negunya lokufaka abasebenzisi bezinsizakalo ekuthathweni kwezinqumo, akha ubudlelwano bomphakathi obunamandla okwakha izinsiza zokunakekela ezixhaswa umphakathi ezifana “nezivamile” kunezinto ezithengwayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, zingase futhi zisetshenziselwe ukugqugquzela i-ajenda ye-neoliberal ebukela phansi abasebenzi bakahulumeni nezinyunyana zabo.

Isu lenhlangano yenhlangano yezenhlalo esebenzisana nabasebenzisi besevisi kanye nabasebenzi bakahulumeni abangalwela ukubusa okwabiwe kwezikole, izikhungo zokunakekela izingane, izinhlelo zokunakekelwa kwasekhaya kanye nezinye izikhungo eziningi emnyombeni wokusebenzelana nomsebenzi wokunakekela.

Imibono yekhulu lama-21

Ipolitiki ye-Socialist-feminist inikeza umbono oyingqayizivele wokuhlela ekhulwini lama-21. Ukuzibophezela kwama-Socialist-feminists ekuzihlanganiseni kusekela izinhlaka zenhlangano ezinganqunyelwe ngokwezikhundla futhi ezibusa ngentando yeningi ngakho-ke zibandakanya wonke umuntu. Ukunaka ukuhlangana kwemigwaqo njengomhlahlandlela kukho kokubili uhlelo nenkulumo yezepolitiki - izimfuno ezenziwa yizinhlangano kanye nolimi esilusebenzisayo ukuze sisekele lezo zimfuno - kuvula isisekelo lapho ukuhlukana okujulile komphakathi kungase kunqotshwe khona kunokuba kwenziwe kabusha.

Ukuqonda izindlela izindawo zokusebenza, amakhaya kanye nemiphakathi ehlobana ngayo kuholela ezindleleni ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zokuhlela kanye namathuba amaningi epolitiki yobumbano, okwenza ukuxhumana phakathi kwalokho okuvame ukubonwa njengezinkinga/imishikashika ehlukene kakhulu futhi ehlukene.

Imibono yobuholi kanye neyokuthuthukiswa kobuholi ikhuthaza izishoshovu ukuba zihlanganyele ekuthathweni kwezinqumo zentando yeningi kanye nokuhlangana. Ukuqashelwa okuthinta, imizwa kanye nobulili buhlala bukhona, bubumba ubudlelwano bomphakathi, bukhuthaza ukuzicabangela kwezishoshovu, ukuzwelana nokuhlonipha izindlela ezahlukene zokuba sezweni.

Ngekhulu lama-21, njengoba abesifazane bezigaba zabasebenzi bengena esiteji sezombusazwe, bavuselela ipolitiki ye-socialist-feminist. Uma sizokwakha i-socialism yekhulu lama-21, sekuyisikhathi sokunaka i-socialist-feminism yekhulu lama-21, sisuse inkolelo-mbono kanye nokwenza kwabo kusuka emaphethelweni kuya enkabeni yesokunxele soguquko.

Lesi sihloko siyinguqulo ehleliwe evela ku-"Twenty-first Century Socialist Feminism," Izifundo zeSocialist, (Spring 2014). Ivela kumagazini kaMarch/April 2014 we Ngokumelene Nesimanje.

Imibhalo yaphansi

[1] Alvarez 2000, Moghadam 2005.

[2] Sameh, 2010.

[3] Bheka isibonelo, uFernandes, 2007.

[4] Kulezi zibonelo nezinye, uJohanna Brenner noNancy Holmstrom, “Socialist-Feminist Strategy Today,” Irejista yeSocialist 2013.

[5] Hennessy, 2013.

[6] Ibid.

[7] Brenner, 2012.

[8] Desmarais, 2007.

[9] Khuthaza! 2006.

[10] Haaken, 2012, 37-40

[11] Smith, 2007.

[12] Via Campesina, 2013.

[13] Molyneux, 1985.

[14] Gündüzf, 2013.

[15] UBradbury et. al. 2014.

[16] I-National Nurses United, 2013.

[17] UDean, 2013.

[18] Ukuze uthole ingxoxo eningilizayo kunaleyo engathulwa lapha, bona i-Brenner 2009.

[19] Wainwright, 2009, Isahluko 8.

---