U-Alice Walker wazalwa ngo-1944 e-Eatonton, eGeorgia, emkhayeni olima izingane eziyisishiyagalombili, futhi wahlukaniswa ngokobuhlanga eNingizimu ye-United States kusukela esemncane. Ebusheni bakhe, eqaphela iqiniso lengcindezelo, wahileleka emzabalazweni wokulingana ngokumelene nezinqubomgomo zobandlululo ezazibekwe yiziphathimandla ezingosopolitiki.
Ngemuva kwezifundo ezinhle, waqala ukubhala futhi washicilela incwadi yakhe yokuqala yezinkondlo eneminyaka engama-24, ngesikhathi esifanayo ephishekela umsebenzi wokufunda emanyuvesi ahlonishwayo, okuhlanganisa neNyuvesi yaseCalifornia eBerkeley, lapho afundisa khona izifundo zeThe Roots of Spirituality in African-American Survival. Ngo-1983, waba ngowesifazane wokuqala omnyama ukuzuza uMklomelo wePulitzer wenoveli yakhe Umbala onsomi, manje engenye yezincwadi ezinhlanu ezifundwa kakhulu e-United States.
Isishoshovu esilwela amalungelo abantu besifazane, u-Alice Walker wabeka inkululeko nobulungiswa bezenhlalakahle enhliziyweni yomsebenzi wakhe. Ethonywe kakhulu iNguquko yaseCuba kanye nomyalezo wayo wenkululeko emhlabeni wonke, ubelokhu elwa iminyaka eminingi nokujeziswa kwezomnotho okuhlasele abantu bakulesi siqhingi. Uzibophezele ngokujulile ekulweleni ukulondolozwa kwemvelo kanye nenqubekelaphambili yomuntu.
Kulezi zingxoxo, u-Alice Walker ukhumbula esemncane ngesikhathi esemncane ihlukaniswe INingizimu kanye nokuzibophezela kwayo ekulweni nokucwasa ngokweziko. Ulandisa ngomhlangano wakhe noHoward Zinn, isazi-mlando esidumile esizibophezele ekulweni nazo zonke izinhlobo zokungabi nabulungisa, owaba nethonya elikhulu ekulolongeni unembeza wakhe wezombangazwe. Ubheka emuva ekuzuzeni uMklomelo kaPulitzer kanye nezithiyo ezabelwa ababhali abamnyama. Ekugcineni, ukhuluma kabanzi ngeNguquko yaseCuba, eyayiwumthombo ojulile wogqozi kuye nakubahlakaniphi abaningi besizukulwane sakhe.
U-Salim Lamrani: U-Alice Walker, wazalelwaphi futhi yiziphi izinkumbulo onazo zobuntwana bakho, eziphawulwe ngokucwasana ngokobuhlanga?
U-Alice Walker: Ngazalelwa eNingizimu ye-United States, emaphandleni, endaweni enhle, futhi ngakhulela nabazali bami, abafowethu nodadewethu. Omunye udadewethu wangishiya nginonyaka ngenxa yokuthi sasingekho isikole sezingane ezinsundu edolobheni lakithi. Ngangibathanda abazali bami futhi ngisondelene kakhulu nogogo nomkhulu. Ngikhumbula ngivame ukunyonyoba ngiyobavakashela. Izimpilo zabo zaziyisisekelo: ukutshala, ukukhula, ukupheka, ukudla, ukwanelisa zonke izifiso zamiโฆ indlela elula ababephila ngayo yayimelela izulu kimi. Njengoba manje ngiseminyakeni ababeyiyo lapho ngibazi, ngiyaqonda ukuthi nginakho ekukhetheni kwami โโindlela yokuphila, kalula nje, nezinkukhu nengadi, ngilingisa izindlela zabo.
Sasinomphakathi wethu. Yebo, kwakukhona ukuhlukana, kodwa asizange sikuqaphele njengezingane. Sasihlala emphakathini wabantu ababeyikhathalela inhlalakahle yethu.
Asikaze sibe nezindlu ezihloniphekile. Singase siphoqeleke ukuba sithuthe cishe minyaka yonke. Ubaba nomama basebenza kanzima ukuze basivimbele ekucindezelekeni nsuku zonke. Sasingavamile ukubona abelungu. Sabona umnikazi womhlaba kuphela nanoma ubani ongasikhipha ngenkani.
SL: Ingcindezelo yobuhlanga yavezwa kanjani ohlelweni olwaluphethwe ngabacebile, abamhlophe?
AW: Kufanele kushiwo ukuthi, ezimweni eziningi, bebengacebe kangako. Babemane bemhlophe, hhayi njalo amadoda. Umnikazi womhlaba owayenokhahlo kakhulu kwakungowesifazane futhi mhlawumbe eyisihlobo. Nakuba ayengakuphika lokhu, okungenani phambi kwabantu. Kulowo mphakathi, umlungu ngokuzenzekelayo wayebhekwa njengophakeme kunanoma yimuphi umuntu omnyama, ngisho nomuntu oneziqu zasenyuvesi, ngisho nalowo oyisihlobo.
Uma umuntu ebheka ukugula okujulile kweMelika isisekelo sayo kwaba ukuxhashazwa kwabantu base-Afrika kanye nezihlobo eziyingxenye ye-Afrika, kuba lula ukuqonda usizi lwesimo sethu sezombusazwe namuhla. Lapho iMelika ikweleta imali eningi kunaleyo engeke ikwazi ukuyikhokha, nalapho ukucekelwa phansi kanye nokugqilazwa kwezwe ngokwalo kungeyona into engenakwenzeka.
Bengazi kahle ukuthi simpofu. Sasihlupheka ngoba sasisebenzela abantu ababenomhlaba wonke, izindlu ezinhle nazo zonke izikole. Abazali bami bakwazile ukwakhela umphakathi wakithi isikole, kodwa abelungu basishisa ukuze basincishe imfundo. Ngakho, sakha enye. Sasiwazi kakhulu umzabalazo wemfundo emphakathini wakithi. Abelungu babesizonda, kodwa sazizwa sizithanda thina. Kumelwe ngisho ukuthi, njengezingane, savikeleka ngokwezinga elikhulu ekuhlazweni kwansuku zonke kwabazali bethu.
Khona-ke, lapho ngineminyaka engu-17, ngahamba ekhaya ngayojoyina inhlangano emelene nokucindezelwa kohlanga nokulwela amalungelo abantu. Abazali bami babethukile ngokuzibophezela kwethu, kodwa uthando lwabo lwalusinikeze amandla okulwa.
SL: Sitshele ngoSolwazi Howard Zinn, owawumazi eSpelman College. Umkhumbula kanjani?
AW: Umhlaba wonke umazi njengosomlando odumile futhi othuthukayo. Ngokwami, wayengumngane wami, futhi ngathola ukuthi naye wayempofu. Wakhulela emkhayeni wamaJuda onesizotha. Wasebenza ezikhungweni zemikhumbi njengoyise, waze wabuthelwa ebuthweni, lapho aphenduka ibhomu ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yesibili, umsebenzi owamfundisa ukuthi angalokothi athobe izimfuno, ngosopolitiki ababehlezi emakhaya, ngenxa yempi.
UHoward wasisiza eSpelman. Isikole sethu sasiqinile futhi kwakunzima ukuba amavukela-mbuso. Kodwa ngangiyisihlubuki, ngenxa yokuthi ngangiyimbongi futhi ngafunda isiFulentshi. Ngangise-French House yesikole futhi ngafunda zonke izimbongi ezidumile. Ngihumushe imisebenzi yabo. Ngaba nengxenye emibhikishweni ngenza isiqiniseko sokuthi angiboshwa ukuze ngingaxoshwa esikoleni. Ekugcineni, uHoward waxoshwa ngoba wayehileleke ekulweni nokucwaswa ngokobuhlanga. Ngakho, nganquma ukusishiya isikole ngobumbano.
SL: Yibaphi abanye abantu ababe nomthelela obalulekile empilweni yakho yomuntu siqu neyesishoshovu?
AW: UStaughton Lynd naye wayenguthisha wezomlando esikoleni esifanayo, uSpelman, futhi waba nethonya elikhulu kimi. Wayeke waya eHanoi eyofunda ngonya olwenziwa phakathi neMpi YaseVietnam. Kamuva, waba uprofesa eYunivesithi yaseYale futhi waxoshwa ngenxa yokuphikisa kwakhe impi. Naye, njalo, wakumela lokho akholelwa kukho.
Ngibe nenhlanhla kukho konke ukuphila kwami โโukuba ngizungezwe abantu abanezindinganiso ezinhle, ababebukana futhi bavikela ukuthula emhlabeni.
SL: Washada nomlungu, uMelvin Rosenman Leventhal, nakuba imishado exubile yayingekho emthethweni esifundazweni saseGeorgia. Yaba yini imiphumela yale nyunyana eMelika eyenqaba amalungelo alinganayo kubo bonke?
AW: Ukuganana kwakungekho emthethweni kulo lonke elaseNingizimu, hhayi nje eGeorgia lapho ngazalelwa khona. Sashada eNew York futhi sajabula kakhulu. Sabe sesihamba saya eMississippi ukuyodelela umthetho futhi siphonsela inselelo isinqumo esingokomthetho esingenacala esakwenza kwaba emthethweni ukuba abantu abathile bashade. Angiyena umuntu othanda umshado. Kodwa ngemva kweminyaka engu-300 noma engu-400 yokucindezelwa, wawungeke ulokhu utshela abantu ukuthi ngeke bashade, ukuthi ngeke bashade nomuntu omthandayo. Ngakho, kwabonakala kungokwemvelo kakhulu ukuvukela lokhu kubandlululwa.
SL: Ungasitshela ngamava akho njengosolwazi wasenyuvesi?
AW: Bekungewona umsebenzi ebengiwuthokozela kakhulu. Ngangibathanda abanye babafundi bami, kodwa empeleni kwakuwumsebenzi wokuphila. Ngangidinga imali ukuze ngikwazi ukubhala amanoveli ami. Njengoba wazi, ukubhala incwadi, udinga isikhathi, indawo yokuhlala, izinsiza zokukhulisa izingane zakho.
EBerkeley, eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, ngafundisa isifundo esibizwa ngokuthi โImibono Nomoyaโ. Yayigxile ezindabeni zabesifazane ababegqilaziwe nokuthi bakwazi kanjani ukusinda ngenxa yokucabanga okumangalisayo okungokomoya okubasiza ukuba baphunyuke ngokwengqondo osizini olukhulu futhi bazakhela ubuhlobo nombono wabo โkaNkulunkulu.โ Ngale ndlela, babenomlingani ongokomoya ekuhluphekeni kwabo, futhi bakwazi ukubambelela.
SL: Ngo-1982, waba ngowesifazane wokuqala wase-Afrika-waseMelika ukuzuza uMklomelo wePulitzer ngencwadi yakho yeshumi, Umbala onsomi. Yini eshintshile kuwe? Ingabe kube nomthelela endleleni abesifazane abamnyama ababhekwa ngayo emphakathini waseMelika?
AW: Abantu bavame ukuthanda ukusho ukuthi lena inoveli yokuqala yombhali omnyama ukunqoba uMklomelo wePulitzer. Kodwa kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi esikhathini esidlule, abantu abamnyama babengacatshangelwa ukuthi bahlomule uMklomelo kaPulitzer. IMelika yayinjengobandlululo njengeNingizimu Afrika endala. Ababaningi abantu abansundu abakwazi ngisho nokuthola ummemezeli. Kunobuzenzisi obuthile kukho konke lokhu, ngoba sibonakala sifuna abantu bakholwe ukuthi, kuyo yonke leyo minyaka, noma ngubani - omhlophe noma omnyama - angawina iPulitzer. Lokho akulona iqiniso. Nasejajini elangiklomelisa ngomklomelo, kwakukhona okungenani umuntu oyedwa - owesifazane omhlophe - owayemelene ngokuphelele nakho ngoba incwadi yami yayikhuluma ngabantu base-Afrika baseMelika ngokusobala ayengazi lutho ngabo.
Baningi ababhali abamnyama abakhaliphile obekufanele ngabe bawine yonke imiklomelo ebingacatshangwa, kudala ngaphambi kokuba ngizalwe. Lokhu ngikusho ngoba ngiyazi ukuthi uyasiqonda isimo sokucwasa ngokwebala ezweni lakithi. Bathi yimi ngedwa, sengathi abakaze babe khona abanye abangase bangenele ukhetho. Baningi ababhali abamnyama ababengawina noma iyiphi indondo eyayinikezwa, uma nje, ngaphambi kokuphela kobandlululo lwaseMelika, babevunyelwe ukuncintisana.
SL: Uthi Umbala onsomi iyikhambi kubantu abaningi ngoba iyabakhulula, futhi yingakho iphumelele.
AW: Ngicabanga ukuthi le ncwadi isiza abesifazane ukuthi babone ukuthi akumele bamukele ubudlelwano namadoda alimaza impilo yabo yomzimba nengqondo. Kunobunye ubudlelwano obuningi emhlabeni. Bangaba nobudlelwano nabanye besifazane, futhi lokho kuyinkululeko enkulu. Kungani kumele ube nobudlelwano namadoda kuphela uma ungakamtholi umuntu okuphatha kahle?
Kuyinkululeko namadoda. โMnumzaneโ umlingiswa onyanyekayo, ngeshwa osekelwe kumkhulu wami engimthandayo emashumini eminyaka ngaphambi kokuba ngizalwe. Kuyithuba lokuthi amadoda abone ukuthi anezinye izinhlangothi ngobuntu bawo kunokuhlukumeza abantu besifazane. Bangafunda ukubona abesifazane belingana. Akunakwenzeka.
Ngakho-ke, ngicabanga ukuthi kuyikhambi elihle kakhulu kubantu abaningi e-United States, kodwa futhi emhlabeni jikelele ngoba ukucindezelwa kwabesifazane kusemhlabeni jikelele. Kuyinto engakufanelekeli ngempela ukuziphatha komuntu. Akufanele kube khona, njengokuhlukunyezwa kwezingane. Eqinisweni, abesifazane bavame ukuphathwa kabi lapho bekhulelwe, okufanele ngempela kukhuthaze bonke abantu ukuthi bathathe isikhathi sokuphuma ezinhlelweni zethu ezimatasa ukuze bazindle ukuthi kungani lokhu kunjalo.
SL: Indlela endala yokubusa ngeyamadoda phezu kwabesifazane. Uzinikele ngokugcwele ekulweleni amalungelo abantu besifazane. Yini esele okufanele yenziwe ukuze kufinyelelwe ukulingana kwangempela?
AW: Konke kusazokwenziwa, okuyinto eqeda ithemba ngempela. Ezweni lakithi, abesifazane balahlekelwe lilungelo lokukhipha izisu. Uma ungakwazi ukulawula umzimba wakho, uyisigqila. Ngakho-ke, sesibuyele emuva eminyakeni eyi-100, okusho ukuthi impi yenkululeko ihlala njalo futhi ingunaphakade. Asidingi nokucabanga ngosizi lwabesifazane bakwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba lapho bengakaze bathole umoya wenkululeko.
Ngisebenze iminyaka eminingi, iminyaka eyishumi, ekucwiyweni kwabesifazane kanye nengozi okuyibeka kubantu, ikakhulukazi e-Afrika nakwamanye amazwe aseMpumalanga Ephakathi, kodwa nakwezinye izifunda. Kungenye yezinhlamba ezinkulu kakhulu esintwini ongazicabanga.
SL: Yiziphi izimbangela ezibe wugqozi kuwena?
AW: Inguquko yaseCuba. Lapho ngithola ukuthi uFidel wayekhulumela abantu ababefana ncamashรญ nabazali bami, abantu abanezingane ezingenazo izicathulo, okwakudingeka bazakhele izikole zabo ukuze nje babone umnikazi wendawo ezishisa, kwakungokwemvelo kimi ukuzwa lokho. Ngangithole umfowethu, ukuthi kwakunothile emhlabeni owayengabona konke lokhu kungabi nabulungisa futhi akusole.
Eceleni kwakhe kwakunguChe. Ngingathanda futhi ukubalula umguquli u-Celia Sanchez, owayesondelene kakhulu no-Che no-Fidel, kodwa ongasaphathwa. ECuba, uyahlonishwa, kodwa ngale kwemingcele yakhona akanakwa ngoba izwe libona umguquli wesilisa kuphela, nakuba ebambe iqhaza elibalulekile kuNguquko yaseCuba.
SL: Ngabe iCuban Revolution ifanekiselani kuwe? Lifanekiselani abantu abayizisulu zokucindezelwa ngokobuhlanga, kwezenhlalo, kobukoloni noma kombuso?
AW: I-Cuban Revolution ifanekisela into eyodwa, phakathi kokunye: uma udlubulunda, uzojeziswa. UCuba wajeziswa ngokuvuka, ngokuzama ukwehluka. Ake sibhekane nakho: umcindezeli uyohlale efuna ukujezisa abacindezelwe abanqaba isimo sabo. Bazokwenza ukuphila kungenzeki kubo, futhi babavimbele ekuzinikeleni ekwakheni umphakathi onobulungisa. Yilokho kanye okwenzeka eCuba.
Ngakho, yini okufanele siyenze? Ingabe kufanele siqhubeke sihlubuka? Ingabe kufanele siphikelele ekwakheni isimiso esihlukile? Ingabe kufanele simelane? Ingabe kufanele sivume?
Ngivame ukucabanga ngeCuba, ehluphekayo namuhla futhi ehlala ihlupheka. Ngikhumbula ngiya lapho ngesikhathi ugesi ungekho. Izimoto zaphelelwa uphethiloli kwadingeka ziphushwe. Namuhla, ukudla kuyashoda eCuba kubantu abampofu kakhulu. Kukhona ukushoda njalo.
Lokhu kunikeza umbono wokwehluleka, kodwa kufanele sizibuze imibuzo efanele. Kungabe kusehluleke yini lapho iningi labantu baseCuba, ababengasoze bafunda ngaphandle kweNguqulo, sebeneziqu zasenyuvesi, phezu kwesimo sokuvinjezelwa ababhekene naso? Abantu baseCuba abashiya izwe labo beyofuna impilo engcono bafundile futhi bazoba namathuba angcono. Yilokho okumele kugcizelelwe. I-Cuba iyisihloko esithakazelisayo ngempela.
SL: Ucabangani ngenqubomgomo yaseMelika ngeCuba?
AW: Inqubomgomo yase-US ingesinye sesijeziso esihlangene. Kuzwakala sengathi siqhutshwa abalandeli bakaCalvin bangekhulunyaka le-18, abantu abangakushisela esigxotsheni. Kuyinqubomgomo ecasulayo. Inikeza ngempela iMelika igama elibi. Ngingathanda ukuthi abantu baqonde imiphumela yobulukhuni benhliziyo enjalo, lapho sithi siyizwe lobuKristu. Senza isiqiniseko sokuthi izingane ziyalamba, azinazo izicathulo, izalukazi aziyitholi imithi. Ngikhumbula ngivakashele isibhedlela sokubeletha eCuba futhi kwakungekho lutho. Yayingekho insipho. Angazi ukuthi izisebenzi zaziyigcina kanjani le ndawo ihlanzeke ngale ndlela yokuswela izinto. Kwaze kwadabukisa.
Ukuphila akuvuzi neze ukubi. Lokho kungesinye sezizathu ezenza izwe lami lihlupheke kangaka. Sicabanga ukuthi sibahle, kodwa bheka nje iqiniso emadolobheni ethu, anabantu abaningi abalambile futhi abahlala emigwaqweni. Siyahlupheka ngoba abaholi bethu sebephelelwe wuzwelo, uma beke baba nalo.
SL: Uhlangane noFidel Castro izikhathi eziningi. Ungasitshelani ngaye?
AW: Wayethanda ukukhuluma, njengoba wonke umuntu azi, futhi enamancoko. Wayengumuntu onolwazi kakhulu engake ngahlangana naye. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, wayengakaze ezwe ngokucwiywa kwabesifazane futhi lapho ngimtshela ngakho, waphaphatheka ngokoqobo. Wayephazamiseke kakhulu futhi efuna ukuthola indlela yokuqeda lo mkhuba wobuqaba. Kwakumnandi ngoba ngase ngigcine ngihlangane nendoda ezwa ukuhlupheka kwabantu besifazane. Kwakuphawuleka. Ngangimthanda kakhulu. Ngamthola engumuntu, enengqondo evuleke kakhulu.
Ngafunda ukuthi yena noma uChe babengazi ukudansa, okudabukisayo ngoba ukudansa kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni ukuhlobana komzimba nomhlaba nemvelo.
Langihlaba umxhwele kakhulu ikhono lakhe lokulalela. Ngolunye usuku, komunye wemihlangano yethu, sasinetafula elikhulu futhi walalela ngamunye wethu. Leyo yinto engeke yenzeke e-United States, uma sike saba nethuba lokuhlanganyela etafuleni likaMongameli.
SL: Ushicilele inkondlo enesihloko esithi โEarnest and Faithfulโ yokuhlonipha uChe. Sitshele ngaye.
AW: Ngithanda ukuhumusha amagama. U-Ernesto noFidel basho ukuthi โUbuqotho Nokwethembekaโ ngesiNgisi. Yinhle futhi inkondlo. Bobabili babeqotho futhi bethembekile, bezinikele emsebenzini wabo. Babenokholo olungenakunyakaziswa nothando olukhulu ngabantu.
Ngibe nethuba lokuvakashela i-crypt lapho izinsalela zika-Che zilele eSanta Clara. Wayebulewe futhi wangcwatshwa ngasese eBolivia. Akekho owayazi ukuthi ukuphi. Ngiyasikhumbula leso sithombe esibi somzimba wakhe ongaphili, ezungezwe ojenene nabantu ababebambe iqhaza ekuthunjweni kwakhe. Kwakubuhlungu kakhulu kubantu abaningi emhlabeni jikelele. UFidel wabe eseqala ukucinga, futhi indawo lapho izinsalela zakhe zazilele khona ekugcineni, wabuyiselwa eCuba. Ngimncoma kakhulu, ngiyamhlonipha nothando ngoChe.
SL: Uzibophezele ekuqhakambiseni amalungelo abantu. Nokho emazweni aseNtshonalanga, iCuba ivame ukuqokwa kulolu daba. Ucabangani ngala macala?
AW: Zijwayelekile. Ukube iCuba ibiphumelele ukwenza umsebenzi wayo ngaphandle kwengcindezi yangaphandle, cishe wonke amanye amazwe abezobheka emuva, ngaphandle kwamazwe aseScandinavia. Ngiyithanda kakhulu iFinland. Izicukuthwane ziyayizonda iCuba ngoba izame ukwakha into entsha nehlukile.
Bathi iCuba yayifuna ukuba ngamakhomanisi. Ngicabanga ukuthi kufanele sikhumbule umlando. ICuba yasondelana ne-USSR ngoba yayingenayo enye indlela. Inqubomgomo enenzondo yase-United States yafaka lesi siqhingi esimweni sokuswela kangangokuba kwadingeka sakhe umfelandawonye wamasu neMoscow.
Yini enye abangayenza ngaphandle kokusola iCuba ngokuhluleka, ekubeni sebekwenze konke okusemandleni abo ukucindezela izwe? Ngikhumbula ngibona uhlelo olunesihloko esithi โIndlela uCastro awubhubhise ngayo umnotho waseCubaโ. Imuphi umnotho esikhuluma ngawo? Abalimi - ababephila ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo nabazali bami kanye nabantu bakithi - basika umoba kusukela ekuphumeni kwelanga kuze kube sekushona kwelanga. Babengenazo izicathulo, bengenasikole futhi bengakwazi ukufunda nokubhala. YiNguquko eyabafundisa ukufunda nokubhala.
SL: Obani abantu abakugqugquzelayo namuhla?
SL: Ngabantu abangadikibali. Kuyangimangaza ukuthi abantu baqine kangakanani. Isimo sibonakala sisibi kakhulu. Sisonqenqemeni lweMpi Yezwe Yesithathu. Njengoba u-Einstein asho, iMpi Yezwe IV izoliwa ngezinduku namatshe, uma sinengxabano yenuzi.
Kunenhlangano ebizwa Ikhodi ye-Pink engikuthanda kakhulu, ngoba ayikaze iyeke ukufuna ubulungiswa, noma ngabe iCuba noma amanye amazwe emhlabeni jikelele. Ngiyabathanda abantu abaqhubeka nokulwa naphezu kobunzima. Ngiyabathanda abantu ababona iqiniso, abangazilahli izimiso zabo, abahlala bethembekile kulokho abakukholelwayo, njengoFidel, uChe noCelia.
SL: Ucabanga ukuthi uyini umsebenzi wongqondongqondo?
AW: Ngicabanga ukuthi kufanele sihlakaniphe ngokwanele ukuze sibone okuyiqiniso, singavumeli ukukhohliswa yizibuko nomusi. Isimo somhlaba sibi, futhi kuwumsebenzi wethu ukuhlala siqaphe ngangokunokwenzeka. Lona umsebenzi wethu kubantu abake balwa kanzima esikhathini esidlule. Akumele sizivumele sikhohliswe amandla obumnyama azi kahle kakhulu ukuthi singasebenzisa kanjani iqiniso.
SL: Yini ekucasulayo namuhla?
AW: Kungiphatha kabi izinga lokushushumbiswa kwezingane. Sizwa izindaba ezinyantisayo mayelana namakamu okuhlushwa ezingane kanye nokushushumbiswa kwezingane. Eziningi zalezi zingane zisetshenziselwa ukushushumbiswa kwezitho zomzimba. Kubi ukucabanga ukuthi ubuntu sebushone phansi kwaze kwaba nokuhwebelana ngezingane. Kuyashaqisa futhi into ongasoze wayibona eCuba!
SL: Ake siphethe ngenye yezingcaphuno zakho: โUthando luyisisekelo soshintsho noguqukoโ.
AW: Uma unothando enhliziyweni yakho, uzoqondiswa ukuthi ubani odinga uthando futhi osabela othandweni. Kunzima ukukuchazela lokhu kubantu abangakuqondi. Kucishe kufane nolimi olukhohliwe, imizwa ekhohliwe. ULeonard Cohen uthi: โUthando luwukuphela kwenjini yokusindaโ. Futhi kuyiqiniso. Ngeke sifike ndawo uma sicabanga ukuthi singakwenza ngaphandle kothando. Akunakwenzeka nje.
Kufanele sithuthukise uthando lwethu, kuyo yonke into esizungezile, izitshalo, izilwane kanye namanzi. Uthando seluphenduke igama elisetshenziswa ngokweqile abantu abalisho ngaphandle kokuzizwa benamathele kulo. Yakha uthando enhliziyweni yakho ngoba yilona kuphela ithemba lethu lokusinda futhi sijabule.
Sonke sifanele ukujabula. Injabulo akuyona into engafinyeleleki. Kumelwe sizame ukuthola ukuthi yini ngempela eyenza sijabule, futhi uthando lungenye yezinto eziyosenza sijabule ngempela. Angikhulumi ngothando lwezothando, nakuba kunamandla amakhulu angokomzwelo ongawathola ngokuthanda omunye umuntu ngokuzidela. Ngikhuluma kakhulu ngothando lwe-cosmic olusekelwe ekwaziseni ukuphila kwethu nje okumangalisayo okunjengalo Mkhathi, lo mhlaba, lapho abantu ngokwabo beyindalo engavamile, njengakho konke okunye okukhona lapha.
USalim Lamrani uneziqu ze-PhD ku-Iberian and Latin American Studies azithola eNyuvesi yaseSorbonne, futhi unguSolwazi Wezomlando waseLatin America e-Universitรฉ de La Rรฉunion, onguchwepheshe kwezobudlelwano phakathi kweCuba ne-United States.
Incwadi yakhe yakamuva ngesiNgisi ithi I-Cuba, Abezindaba kanye Nenselelo Yokungakhethi: https://monthlyreview.org/product/cuba_the_media_and_the_challenge_of_impartiality/
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela
1 Amazwana
Lena enye yezingxoxo ezinhle kakhulu engake ngazifunda. Ngiyamthanda u-Alice Walker futhi ngibonga kakhulu abasebenzi be-ZNetwork. Ngazalelwa e-US, ngifundile futhi nengqondo ngigqilazwe ohlelweni lwase-US. (Kufanele ngisho ukuthi, ngazalwa ngingowesilisa omhlophe. Kodwa ngandlela thize ngaphunyuka emangeni nasekwesabeni nasekungazini isiko engazalelwa kulo. Ngenhlanhla ngahlangana nabanye abafundi abafika e-US ngisesikoleni esiphakeme futhi ngaphandle kokwazi, lokhu kwakungukuqala kokuthola kwami โโinkululeko Ekugcineni njengomuntu osekhulile, ngagcina ngifudukele eLatin America futhi ngihlala emazweni amabili ahlukene lapho ngangikhululekile khona ukufunda nokuthuthuka Kwakungelula, kodwa Ngasinda futhi ngashintshwa kakhulu futhi ngathola ukuhlonipha nokuqonda uFidel noChe, kanye nabanye ongqondongqondo abaningi, ababhali, kanye nabaguquli bezinguquko, ngafundisa eLatin America kodwa ngangingumfundi ongcono kakhulu wabafundi bami kwakungowase-Argentina ogama lakhe linguManuel. Wayelungile futhi ehloniphekile futhi engumuntu ocabanga ngobuqotho, ngezikhathi ezithile wayenginikeza incwadi futhi athi, โYilokho kuphela engikufundayo yeMarxism kanye nenguquko yezenhlalo Wayenesibindi futhi engenalo ubudlova, kodwa ekhaliphile futhi umfundi owayeneminyaka engu-17 ekuqaleni waba omunye wothisha bami ababalulekile. Namuhla useminyakeni yawo-40 futhi usengumcabango okhaliphile. Kwakukhona abanye, abaningi kakhulu ongababiza ngamagama, kodwa abantu abafana no-Eduardo Galeano, uSergio Ramirez, nabaningi amagama abo owawungeke uwaqaphele.