I-Afghanistan isewumthombo cishe wayo yonke i-heroin edayiswa eLondon, nakuba iBrithani ithulule izigidi ekuzameni ukuqeda ibhizinisi lokukhiqiza izidakamizwa kuleliya lizwe elicekelwe phansi yimpi.
Ama-opium poppies aqhamuka emathafeni aye ezintabeni zase-Afghanistan ngamanani aphakeme kakhulu kunangonyaka wokugcina weTaliban, owaketulwa yi-US neBrithani, ngenkathi befunga ukuthi bazoqeda ukuhweba ngezidakamizwa kule ndawo. I-Opium - okukhishwa kuyo i-heroin - ikhiqizwa emapulazini amakhilomitha ambalwa kuphela ukusuka enhloko-dolobha yaseKabul, ikomkhulu kuya emzamweni wamazwe ngamazwe wokuqeda ukuhweba nge-heroin nokwakha kabusha izwe.
Abantu base-Afghan base-Afghan bathi izikhwama ze-heroin zisetshenziswa esikhundleni semali kwezinye izingxenye zezwe elingenamthetho lapho - eminyakeni engaphezu kwemibili ngemuva kokuketulwa kweTaliban - uhulumeni wesikhashana osekelwa yi-US uHamid Karzai wehlulekile ukusungula ukulawula.
Ngemva kwempi, iBrithani yathatha umthwalo wokuxhumanisa umzamo wamazwe ngamazwe wokuqeda ukuhweba kwe-opium e-Afghanistan. Isebenzisa u-ยฃ70m eminyakeni emithathu kuphrojekthi yokuqeda ukukhiqizwa kwe-poppy ngokuhlinzeka abalimi base-Afghan ngenye indlela yokuziphilisa kanye nokuqeqesha amaphoyisa asanda kuzalwa futhi angenabantu kabi. Kodwa lesi sithombe esingesihle sisikisela ukuthi imizamo yayo kuze kube manje yehlulekile ukuguqula isimo.
I-HM Customs and Excise, eqhuba uhlelo eKabul, ivumile ukuthi amaphesenti angama-95 e-heroin ethengiswa emigwaqweni yaseLondon asengowomdabu wase-Afghan. Lokhu sekwenze uMnuz George Osborne, oyilungu lephalamende ePhalamende ehlezi ekomitini elibhekele ukusebenza kwezimali zikahulumeni, ukuthi acele ukuthi kuphenywe ngobekwenzeka ngale mali.
UMnu Osborne, onovalo lokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yayo ifakwe ephaketheni izinduna zempi zezifunda, ufuna kuphenywe iHhovisi Likazwelonke Lokucwaninga Amabhuku, eliqondisa ukusetshenziswa kwemali yomphakathi.
Izibalo ezikhishwe yiHhovisi leNhlangano Yezizwe Ezilwisana Nezidakamizwa kanye Nobugebengu zikhombisa ukuthi i-Afghanistan manje ikhula ngokuphindwe izikhathi eziyisishiyagalolunye kune-opium poppies njengoba ngonyaka wokugcina weTaliban. Ukuhweba nge-opium okudumayo kuphambene nenye yezinhloso eziyinhloko ezimenyezelwe yiBrithani ngokujoyina i-US empini ye-Afghanistan.
Ngo-Okthoba 2001, ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuqala kwempi yase-Afghanistan, uTony Blair watshela ingqungquthela yeLabour Party ukuthi "impahla enkulu yezidakamizwa emhlabeni ise-Afghanistan, elawulwa yiTaliban". Wabe esethi amaphesenti angama-90 e-heroin emigwaqweni yaseLondon avela e-Afghanistan: "Izikhali amaTaliban azithengayo namuhla zikhokhelwa impilo yabantu abasha baseBrithani, bethenga izidakamizwa zabo emigwaqweni yaseBrithani." UNdunankulu uphinde waphinda lesi simangalo ngesonto elizayo e-Commons, lapho ememezela ukuthi umkhankaso wezempi usuqalile, etshela amalungu ePhalamende ukuthi iTaliban "ixhaswe kakhulu ukuhweba izidakamizwa".
Ukutshalwa kwe-opium kwafinyelela umvuthwandaba ngo-1999, lapho amahektha angama-225,000 - amamayela-skwele angama-350 - ama-poppies ahlwanyelwa, ngokubambisana noma ukukhuthazwa kwamaTaliban, asolwa ngokusebenzisa ingxenye yemali etholakele ukuthenga izikhali. Ngonyaka olandelayo, amaTaliban aphendula ingcindezi yamazwe ngamazwe yokuthi aqale ukunciphisa isivuno se-opium. Yavimbela ukutshalwa kwe-poppy, yathi "ayiyona i-Islamic" - isinyathelo esinciphise ukukhiqizwa ngamaphesenti angu-94, nakuba saqhubeka nokuvumela ukuhweba. Ngo-2001 kuphela indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele angu-30 eyayisetshenziselwa ukutshala ama-opium poppies.
Ngemva konyaka, ngemva kokuba amasosha aseMelika nawaseBrithani eseyisusile iTaliban futhi efaka uhulumeni wesikhashana kaHamid Karzai, umhlaba owawulinywa wahlehla wabuyela kumakhilomitha-skwele angama-285, i-Afghanistan yathatha indawo yeBurma ukuze ibe umkhiqizi omkhulu we-opium futhi.
Esinye sezizathu ezenza izisebenzi zosizo zingakwazi ukunxenxa abalimi base-Afghan ukuthi bashintshele ezitshalweni ezikhulayo kubonakala kuyinkinga eqhubekayo yezokuphepha ezweni, ejuliswa yizinga eliphansi lokuqashwa kwamasosha kazwelonke namaphoyisa. Abaphathi beKarzai bazamile ukunikeza abalimi imali njengesinxephezelo ngokungakhuli i-opium, kodwa imali - ยฃ1,850 ihektha ngalinye - ibonakale incane kakhulu kunenzuzo etholakala ngokuhlala ebhizinisini le-poppy.
Zimbalwa izimpawu zokuthi isimo sezokuphepha siyathuthuka. Izisekelo zaseMelika kanye namasosha kahulumeni wase-Afghan ahlaselwa cishe nsuku zonke. Kube nokuhlaselwa kwabasebenzi bosizo lwamazwe ngamazwe - ezinsukwini ezimbili ezedlule amasosha amane aseJalimane agcina ukuthula eKabulwere abulawa idelakufa elizibulele.
UMike O'Brien, ungqongqoshe weHhovisi lezangaPhandle, uvumile ukuthi "ezokuphepha e-Afghanistan zisakhathaza kakhulu". Umkhulumeli weHhovisi Lezangaphandle uthe akukho "ukulungiswa okusheshayo" kwenkinga yokukhiqizwa kwezidakamizwa e-Afghanistan. Kepha iBrithani ibizibandakanye ohlelweni โolunesifiso esikhuluโ sokulwa nezidakamizwa, uthe, โikakhulukazi uma ucabanga ngokuntuleka kwengqalasizinda kahulumeni ezindaweni ezinkulu zezwe ngaphandle kwaseKabulโ.
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