Imvukelo yaseZapatista iye yasinda eChiapas, kumazantsi eMexico, ukususela ngowe-1914, yaye oko kungummangaliso. AmaZapatista anyamezele uhlaselo lwamagosa karhulumente, ukungcatshwa koomongameli baseMexico kunye nobuhlwempu obutyumzayo. “Abakhathali nokuba asinanto,” zatsho iiZapatistas malunga nabantu ababalaseleyo baseMexico ekuqaleni kwemvukelo yabo yokuqala, “akukho nto kwaphela, nophahla phezu kweentloko zethu, akukho mhlaba, akukho msebenzi, akukho mpilo, akukho kutya, akukho mfundo, ingelilo ilungelo lokunyula ngokukhululekileyo nangedemokhrasi abameli bethu bezopolitiko okanye ukuzimela geqe kubantu basemzini.”
Lo mbono wobuhlwempu wavela phezu kweZapatistas, kwaye ngokwenene izigidi zabantu bomthonyama ngenxa ye-NAFTA. Emva kwemfazwe yeentsuku ezili-12 nxamnye nelizwe laseMexico ngowe-1994, iiZapatistas zavuma ukuba kupheliswe imfazwe, zigcine ulawulo lwemihlaba yazo eseChiapas. Ngaloo ndlela uMkhosi weZapatista weNkululeko yeSizwe (EZLN) usoloko ulungele ukulwa. Amajoni ayo asenokuchitha iintsuku zawo etyala umbona neembotyi, kodwa ngephanyazo awisa amagaba awo aze athabathe imipu yawo. Kungenxa yokuba ii-paramilitaries zikarhulumente zinokuphinda zivele nangaliphi na ixesha, kwaye kunye nazo, isoyikiso sokubuyisela ubukhoboka obusondeleyo bamasimi eefinca ezenyanyekayo. Ezi mali yayiyeyona njongo yamaZapatistas ngowe-1994. Abavukeli bazongamela iimali, bagxotha abaninizo baza baxhobisa abantu bomthonyama, ngaloo ndlela bephelisa ukudlwengulwa kwamabhinqa namantombazana omthonyama kunye nokuxhonywa kwamadoda omthonyama angazange avume ukunika iintombi zawo. Umkhuba wokubetha ezi serf ngempazamo encinci nawo uyekile. Ngandlela zonke ubomi baphucuka kwaba bantu babekade bephathwa njengokungcola.
Abasetyhini benza isithathu somkhosi waseZapatista, ngokutsho kwentshayelelo yencwadi entsha, Amabali eZapatista okuphupha elinye ilizwe, ngu-Subcomandante Marcos, inkokeli yabo, ukuba banokuthiwa banayo. Kwaye abafazi baba ngundoqo kwiinzame zeZapatista zokudala ilungiselelo elitsha lezentlalo-kwezopolitiko noqoqosho kumazwe abo. “Ukubhengezwa koMthetho weNguquko yabasetyhini ngaphambi kwemvukelo yowe-1994 yayikukugxininisa ukuba amalungelo amabhinqa akanakulinda de kube semva kwemvukelo; bayinxalenye yovukelo.” UMthetho woKhuseleko wabasetyhini wawuquka, umzekelo, ilungelo lokuqhuba; ngaloo ndlela kunceda abafazi ukuba bathabathe inxaxheba ngakumbi koko iiZapatistas ngokuchanileyo zikubiza ngokuba “yimfazwe yeneoliberal nxamnye noluntu.”
Ukuchasa ubungxowankulu, hayi kuphela iintlobo ze-neoliberal, yindlela yokuphila yamaZapatistas kwaye iqondwa ngcono ngeProjekthi ye-Autonomy yabo. Bachonge imimandla yabo emitsha ezimeleyo “iicaracoles”- bebhekisa kumaqokobhe econchi asetyenziselwa ukubiza iindibano. “Ezi caracoles zintlanu ziya kulungelelanisa oomasipala baseZapatista abasele bekho kwimvukelo. Le yokugqibela, eyadalwa ngowe-1994, yayisekelwe kuhlumelo olukhulu lwalo lokuhlutha umhlaba ngexesha lemvukelo.” Akukho mimandla yamashishini yasimahla apha! Iicaracoles zibonisa ulawulo lobusoshiyali. "I-Zapatistas iqonda ulawulo njengendlela ethile yomsebenzi kwinkonzo yoluntu, kunokuba isebenzise amandla ngolawulo okanye ulawulo," ngokutsho kukaDylan Eldridge Fitzwater kwincwadi yakhe kwiZapatistas, Ukuzimela Kusezintliziyweni Zethu, eyapapashwa malunga neminyaka emine eyadlulayo.
Uvukelo luka-1994 lweza ngokuthe ngqo kwimpendulo yokucinywa kwe-NAFTA yokukhusela umhlaba woluntu ekuthengisweni nakushishino lwabucala. Olo khuseleko lwalufakwe ngaphambili kumgaqo-siseko waseMexico, ukusuka kwi-Emiliano Zapata's 1910-19 revolution. Xa zikhutshiweyo, i-EZLN yaqalisa ukusebenza. Lo mkhosi ukhethekileyo wawuphuhliswe kwi-Forces of National Liberation (FLN), ababengamakomanisi angama-Marxist. Baye bafudukela kwihlathi laseLacandon ngo-1983 ukuze baququzelele iphiko labalimi. Endaweni yoko, njengoko uFitzwater wabhalayo, “Kangangeminyaka, lo mbutho [i-FLN] uye watshintshwa ngabantu bomthonyama baseTsotsil, Tzeltal, Chol, Toyolabal, Mam kunye neZoque eziye zadibana namaqela awo.” Iminqweno ye-FLN yavela kwisithuba seminyaka elishumi yoququzelelo oluyimfihlo ukusuka “ekuthinjweni amagunya karhulumente kunye nokwabiwa ngokutsha kwemithombo yelizwe ukuya…kulawulo lokuzimela kwengingqi.”
Ingqokelela entsha yamabali ka-Subcomandante Marcos ibonisa indlela ekhethekileyo neyimfuneko ngayo imbonakalo yeZapatista. Ibali lokuqala elithi, "Antonio Dreams," lichaza imfazwe phakathi kwamaphupha abalimi kunye namaphupha ababusi. “Ibali likaDurito” libonisa uqongqothwane onxiba iindondo kwaye atshaye umbhobho, ophonononga “neoliberalism kunye neqhinga layo lokongamela iLatin America.” “Ibali Labanye” lisixelela ukuba “isivumelwano sokuqala esafikelelwa ngoothixo bokuqala yayikukubona umahluko nokwamkela ubukho babanye.” Kwenye intsomi emfutshane, umbalisi uchaza ukuba “intuku iye yayimfama ngenxa yokuba, kunokuba ikhangele ngaphandle, yaqalisa ukukhangela entliziyweni yayo.” Iqukumbela ngelithi: “Kungenxa yoko le nto intunja ingoyiki ingonyama. Kwanomntu okwaziyo ukukhangela entliziyweni yakhe. Amanye ala mabali afundeka njengemizekeliso. Ezinye ziyafana Iintsomi zika-Aesop. Zonke ziveza intelekelelo esebenzayo kwizihloko eziguqukayo. Enye yamagqabantshintshi ekupheleni kwale ncwadi inika ingcaciso ecacileyo: “Iinkalo ezisisiseko zemibongo yeZapatista nembali [zi] isiprofeto, indibano yoluntu kunye nemvukelo – ukucinga ngekamva, inkqubo yedemokhrasi yangaphakathi, ukwala ukunikezela. .”
Amanye amabali ka-Subcomandante Marcos ajongana ngqo nentlekele yobukoloniyali eLatin America, abanye bakwenza oko ngokuthe ngqo. Ngokuphathelele aboyisa baseYurophu, enye ingxelo isixelela oku: “Okusesikweni kwabo kwasebenza kuphela ngokunikela nokuthabatha kuthi. Igolide yayinguthixo wabo. Ukongamela ukholo lwabo. Likhohlise ilizwi labo. Inkohlakalo indlela yabo.” Amanye amabali abhekisela kuhlaselo lukarhulumente nxamnye namaZapatistas, ngoxa amanye ecamngca ngezinto ezenziwa ngoothixo abadale ihlabathi. Ezinye iinkalo zangoku zeentsomi zendalo. Ngokomzekelo, omnye uqukumbela ngelithi: “Leyo yindlela amadoda namabhinqa afunda ngayo ukuba unokubajonga abanye, wazi ukuba bakho, bakho, bakho, bambi, yaye, ngaloo ndlela, ungangqubani nabo, ubenzakalise, uwele okanye ukhubeke. kwabo.”
Kuninzi lwabantu basentshona, la mabali ngokwenene aphupha elinye ihlabathi; omnye womzabalazo omkhulu. Enye engcono.
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Nikela