"Xa ufunda iintshukumo eziyimpumelelo zenguqu, ubona ukuba isitshixo sempumelelo kukuseka isazisi esithile phakathi kohlalutyo lwakho kunye nento evakalelwa sisininzi." - UPablo Iglesias, uNobhala Jikelele weSpanish Podemos Party
Kuthathe uninzi lweendaba zaseMelika iinyanga ezininzi ukuqonda ukuba bekukho ukhuphiswano lokwenyani oluqulunqa iiprimaries zeDemokhrasi. Umgqatswa okhethiweyo weqela elikhethiweyo, uHillary Clinton, ujongene nomceli mngeni oqinileyo ukusuka ekhohlo ngendlela yokukhonza ixesha elide uSenator oZimeleyo waseVermont uBernie Sanders. Ngobulungisa, ukunqongophala kokugubungela inxalenye ngenxa yomboniso ongaqhelekanga womdlalo okhokelwa nguDonald Trump kwicala leRiphabhlikhi. Kodwa ikwalatha kucalucalulo olwakhelwe ngaphakathi kwindlela amajelo eendaba agubungela iintshukumo kunye neembono zasekhohlo.
Ukusuka kwiNew York Times ukuya kwiiNdaba zeFox, iindawo eziphambili azikuhoyanga ukugqalwa kukaSanders de uloyiso lwakhe olusondeleyo e-Iowa kunye nokudilika komhlaba eNew Hampshire kwenze konke kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuba kuphinde kuhoywe. Bona kunye nabanye baye bachitha ixesha elininzi bejongela phantsi ukunyuka kwe-senator kwindlela eya kwiNgqungquthela yeDemokhrasi kweli hlobo lasePhiladelphia. Nge-26 kaMatshi, uBernie waphumelela amazwe aseHawaii, eWashington naseAlaska ngemida emikhulu kukhuphiswano oluphambili oluthi, kuqwalaselwe ngokunqongophala kwengxelo, ngandlel’ ithile lwalungenandaba.
KuMntla Merika, ubungqongqo kuzo zonke ngaphandle kwegama ibingumgaqo-nkqubo wezoqoqosho koorhulumente ukusukela ubuncinci ngeminyaka yee-1980. E-US ngokukodwa, iiDemokhrasi kunye namaRiphabhlikhi ngokufanayo baye basebenza ukudiliza iminatha yokhuseleko ebekwe nguRoosevelt's New Deal kunye nenkqubo ye-Lyndon Johnson's Great Society ye-1960s.
Uninzi lwaseYurophu lwawuphepha umgibe wento ebizwa ngokuba yiniyo-liberalism de amazwe angamalungu "Bayeka ukulawula eyona migaqo-nkqubo yabo ibalulekileyo yezoqoqosho: umgaqo-mali (kuquka inzala), umgaqo-nkqubo wezinga lotshintshiselwano (ngokwamkela i-euro) kunye ... umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali (irhafu kunye nenkcitho)" kwi-European Central Bank ekupheleni kwenkulungwane edlulileyo. . Umanyano lwemali luye lwadala oko kunokubizwa ngokuba ngamavassal states, ubukhulu becala akumzantsi Yurophu, amagunya awo okuzenzela izigqibo ngezoqoqosho aye acuthwa ngabamelwane bawo abatyebileyo basemantla. Iinkqubo ze-Austerity eGrisi nakwezinye iindawo ziye zabangela uhlobo lokuphelelwa lithemba olungazange lubonwe kwilizwekazi ukususela ngeminyaka yee-1930, lubonisa ukunyuka komsindo eUnited States.
Ukuzalwa kweeNtshukumo eziNtsha zaKhohlo
Ngeendlela ezininzi, umkhankaso weBernie Sanders kunye neefowuni zomviwa "kwinguqu yezopolitiko" zifaniswa nokunyuka kwangaphambili kwePodemos Party eSpain. I-Podemos - egama layo liguqulelwa ngokuthi "Sinako" - phantsi kobunkokeli bezemfundo enomdla uPablo Iglesias, wabonakala ngathi aphume ndawo ekuqaleni kuka-2014, kwaye ngokukhawuleza abe ngumfundi. iqela lesibini ngobukhulu elizweni ngobulungu. Nangona iinkqubo zezopolitiko zahlukile, iSpain, njenge-US, ibiphantsi kolawulo lwamaqela amabini ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1970.
Le duopoly yaseSpain yayinePartido Ethandwayo (PP, iqela lasekunene) kunye nePartido Socialista Obrero Espanol (PSOE, ebizwa ngokuba liqela lasekhohlo) betshintsha iindima rhoqo emva kweminyaka embalwa ngelixa belandela oko kufikelele kwimigaqo-nkqubo efanayo ye-neo-liberal, kungakhathaliseki. owayebambe iintambo zamandla eMadrid.
Ukuthululwa kwengqumbo yabemi, engajoliswanga kuphela kwisiseko sezopolitiko saseSpain kodwa nakwi-austerity yokunyanzelwa kumazwe asezantsi kweYurophu ngamazwe asemantla aseYurophu ngokusebenzisa i-EU, kukhokelele kuqhanqalazo olubanzi lwabemi abazibiza ngokuba "Indignados" (abacaphukileyo). Le ntshukumo, eye yabizwa ngokuba yi-15-M emva komhla woqhanqalazo lokuqala ngoMeyi 15, yanikezela impembelelo eyakhokelela ekudalweni kwePodemos.
Kodwa le yayingeyiyo kuphela impumelelo yexesha elide yentshukumo ye-15-M. I-Indignados nayo yayinempembelelo enkulu kwabo bahlanganisana kwiinyanga ezine kamva phantsi kwebhanile ye-Occupy Wall Street eNew York ngoSeptemba 17, 2011. Yintoni eyaqala eZuccotti Park kwaye yasasazeka kuMntla Melika yaba negalelo elikhulu kwiBernie. Sanders into enyanzelise ukushiya izimvo kwincoko yezopolitiko e-US okokuqala kumashumi eminyaka.
I-jury isaphuma kwi-Podemos, eyayinomboniso omhle kunyulo lwaseSpain olubanjwe ngoDisemba odlulileyo. Nangona befumene eyona nkxaso, ibinganelanga kuninzi lwekhongolose kwaye bebesoloko bezama ukusukela ngoko ukwenza umanyano namanye amaqela, kuquka iPSOE. Ukuba bayasilela ukwenza oku nge-2 kaMeyi, unyulo olutsha kufuneka lubanjwe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba, abagqugquzeli be-15-M baya kuqhubeka nokulungelelanisa kwinqanaba lendawo.
Nangona kukho ukufana okuninzi phakathi kokunyuka kwePodemos eSpain kunye neefowuni zikaSander zenguqu yezopolitiko e-United States, kukho ukungafani okukhulu. Enye into, uSenator uSanders ukhethe ukungenela ulonyulo lweDemokhrasi endaweni yokuzama ukwenza umntu wesithathu. Ngokwenza oko, wakwazi ukungena kwinqanaba lengxoxo-mpikiswano kwaye wazisa umyalezo wakhe kuluntu lwaseMelika kwinqanaba elingenakwenzeka ngaphandle kwamaqela amabini amakhulu ezopolitiko aseMelika.
Ukugrumba ukungcola
Phantse ngaxeshanye, enye indoda enemigaqo yasekhohlo, uJeremy Corbyn, waba yinkokeli yeLabour Party e-UK. Kanye njengokuba uBill Clinton kunye “neDemokhrasi eNtsha” bajike iDemocratic Party yaba yi-pro-corporate, neo-liberal party e-U.S., uTony Blair wenze into efanayo nakwaLabour, eyisusa kwiingcambu zayo njengeqela labasebenzi baseBritane. .
Ingcinga entsha yokuvula inkqubo yobunkokeli kuwo onke amalungu eqela (ngelixa kuthotywa umrhumo wobulungu ukuya kwiiponti ezintathu) yanika abemi bokwenyani kunokuba abantu abaphezulu beqela bathathe isigqibo sokuba ngubani oza kubakhokela. Bakhetha kakhulu uCorbyn, u-backbencher ixesha elide ezibophelele kwimigaqo ye-socialist yeqela kunokuba abanye abagqatswa balo msebenzi, abamele ukuqhubekeka kwe-"Blairism" eyenze iqela liphantse lingabonakali kwi-Conservatives yalo ephikisayo, ekhokelwa nguDavid Cameron.
Njengoko zontathu iinkokeli bezilindele, amajelo eendaba aphambili e-UK, eSpain nase-United States bebexakekile besenza iziteyitimenti zabo ezidlulileyo zembumbulu abanokuthi bazijongele phantsi. U-Iglesias uthathiwe umsebenzi wakhe wangaphambili wokuxhasa uHugo Chavez kunye nedemokhrasi yakhe "iBolivarian Revolution" eVenezuela. Kodwa nguCorbyn oye wajongana nolona hlaselo lubi, kubandakanya nezityholo ezifihliweyo zokuchasa amaYuda.
Kwanangaphambi kokuba anyulwe ukuba akhokele iQela laBasebenzi, iTelegraph yase-UK yabaleka ibali elide izama ukubophelela uCorbyn kurhulumente wase-Iran kwaye imbonisa njengovelwano kuHamas eGaza naseHezbollah eLebhanon. Iphepha lahlasela umlingiswa wakhe nge-anecdote kunye nobudlelwane kunokuba acaphule iingxelo zakhe zangempela kwiminyaka njengoko umntu unokulindela.
Ke ngoko, uhambo oluya eGaza luxhaswe liqela elibizwa ngokuba yiPalestinian Return Centre (PRC) luyakrokrelwa ngenxa yokuba urhulumente we-right-wing of Israel [amabango](http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/labour/11749043/Andrew-Gilligan… extremists.html) ukuba i-PRC "yisebe lombutho we-Hama eYurophu" ubulungu bayo "ziinkokheli eziphezulu ze-Hamas ezikhuthaza i-ajenda yentshukumo eYurophu." Umbono worhulumente wakwa-Likud wakwa-Israel, onikezelwe ngaphandle kobungqina obuncinane bokuxhasa ezi zityholo, kwanele ukubonisa ukuba uCorbyn uyavelana “nabanqolobi.”
Ngasekupheleni kwenqaku, isithethi sikaCorbyn ekugqibeleni sivunyelwe ukuba siphendule kwizityholo ezibubuxoki ezibhengezwe liphepha: “UJeremy uthethe namaqela abonisa uluhlu olupheleleyo lweembono zezopolitiko kwaSirayeli nasePalestina. Oku akuthethi ukuxhasa imibutho athe wathetha nayo ngenjongo yokuphelisa intlekele yoluntu nokubandezeleka okubangelwa lungquzulwano.” Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-diplomacy, isixhobo ekubonakala ukuba asisathandwa kuninzi lweedemokhrasi zasentshona, ngakumbi xa kuziwa kwiingxabano ezinzima zoMbindi Mpuma.
Nditsho noSanders, ogxile kakhulu kwimicimbi yasekhaya, wabuzwa malunga nezimvo awazenzayo ngo-1985 malunga neCuba neNicaragua. Isetingi yayiyingxoxo-mpikiswano eyayibanjelwe eFlorida kwaye ixhaswa yinethiwekhi yolwimi lwaseSpain i-Univison kunye ne-simulcast yi-CNN. USanders waboniswa ukuba wamkhusela uFidel Castro kunye neSandinistas yaseNicaragua (okwangoku urhulumente onyuliweyo welinye lamazwe ambalwa azinzileyo kuMbindi Merika) kwaye woyisiwe ngabo bobabini abamodareyitha kunye nomchasi wakhe uHillary Clinton malunga nokuba unqwenela ukuzirhoxisa ezi zingaphezu kwama-30. - izibonelelo zonyaka.
Umgca kaClinton wohlaselo malunga nomba wale vidiyo yakudala wawunomdla, uvela kumntu oye waxhasa ixesha elide uHosni Mubarak waseYiputa kwaye usakhusela i-sexist ekhohlakeleyo, i-monarchist tyrancy yaseSaudi Arabia (ekwangumxhasi obalaseleyo kwiClinton Foundation), phakathi kwezinye ezininzi. oorhulumente abenza iCuba phantsi kobhuti bakaCastro babonakale ngathi sisibane senkululeko ehlabathini.
Exoxa “ngemilinganiselo” yenguquko yaseCuba ekhuselwe nguBernie Sanders omncinci kakhulu, wathi, “Ukuba iinqobo ezisemgangathweni kukuba ucinezela abantu, unyamalala abantu, uvalela abantu okanye ude ubulale abantu ngenxa yokuvakalisa izimvo zabo, ngenxa yokuvakalisa inkululeko yokuthetha. , olo asilohlobo lwenguqulelo yemilinganiselo endifuna ukuyibona naphi na.”
USanders uphendule owayesakuba nguNobhala welizwe kwi-rhetoric yeMfazwe ebandayo ngohlobo lwempendulo yengqondo ethe yanegalelo ekuthandeni kwakhe okukhulayo ngabavoti baseMelika. Ngelixa sivuma ukuba kubalulekile ukugxeka utyekelo logunyaziso lorhulumente waseCuba, kukwabalulekile ukubanika imbeko ngomgama omkhulu owenziwe lilizwe kukhathalelo lwempilo kunye nemfundo ukusukela kwinguqu.
Ukwasebenzise eli thuba ukuchaza inkxaso yakhe engagungqiyo ekuvuleni kuka-Obama kwesi siqithi: “Ndicinga ukuba ngokubuyisela ubudlelwane obupheleleyo bezozakuzo kunye neCuba, oko kuya kukhokelela kubuphuculo obubonakalayo kubomi babantu baseCuba kwaye oko kuya kunceda iMelika, ” i Utshilo uSenator.
Inyani yokuba bobathathu aba bezopolitiko - uSanders, uCorbyn kunye no-Iglesias - bazimisele ukuthatha isikhundla esivakalayo sokuthetha neentshaba ezibonwa njengeCuba okanye i-Iran kufanele kube yiyo yonke into efunekayo ukuze bacebise kubemi abadinwe kukurhwaphiliza kwesaber esifumana kuyo. abaviwa baka-hawkish njengoHillary Clinton (singasathethi ke kaDonald Trump ngokungenalwazi bluster). Ukucacisa omnye owayesakuba nguNobhala Welizwe wase-US, iidemokhrasi zasentshona akufuneki ziye phesheya zikhangela izilo zokutshabalalisa, kubiza imali eninzi kakhulu kwaye ihlala idala izilo ezimbi ngakumbi kwinkqubo.
Ngokuhambelana nokunyuka kwamalungelo oluntu kwiidemokhrasi zaseNtshona, enye imvumelwano yomsindo ofanayo ivuselela ukusekhohlo okuhlaziyiweyo, okuvakalisa iinjongo zolingano kunye nobulungisa bezoqoqosho. Kodwa eYurophu nakuMntla Melika ngokufanayo, iintshukumo ezisilwa neo-liberalism kunye nokubukulwa kwamazwe ngamazwe okugunyazisiweyo kuya kufuneka ukuba kube ngaphezulu kwenani leenkokeli zabo.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela