Umongameli Bush isaziso yengqungquthela entsha yoMbindi Mpuma ichazwa ngokufanelekileyo njengenyathelo "lokuvuselela" inkqubo yoxolo yase-Israel-Palestina, eyenzelwe ukuphelela kwisisombululo sezizwe-mbini. Kodwa intlanganiso, ukuba iyenzeka, ayiyi kuba yinto yohlobo. Amagosa aseU.S yenziwe icace ukuba injongo yendibano iya kuba "kuphonononga inkqubela phambili yokwakhiwa kwamaziko asePalestina, ukukhangela iindlela zokuxhasa uhlaziyo olongezelelweyo kunye nokuxhasa umzamo oqhubekayo ngoku phakathi kwamaqela kunye."
Mushy? Ngokuqinisekileyo i-mushy. Intetho kaBush ngokulula iphinde yaphinda ixesha eliphambili lexesha elide lolawulo "imephu yendlela" efile - ngaphambi kokuba kubekho iingxoxo zoxolo, amaPalestina aya kufuneka ukuba atshabalalise iHamas. Ngamanye amazwi, akusayi kubakho zingxoxo zoxolo, kuya kubakho amaphupha nje amaninzi. NjengoNobhala we-White House Press uTony Snow Yibeke, “Ndicinga ukuba abantu abaninzi batyekele ekuzameni ukuphatha le njengenkomfa enkulu yoxolo. Ayiyo."
IHans Christian Andersen intsomi malunga iimpahla ezintsha zomlawuli inokuchaza ngokuchanekileyo umgaqo-nkqubo wangoku wase-US kungquzulwano lwe-Israel-Palestine - ngaphandle kwenkcukacha enye ebalulekileyo. Kwi-fairytale, iinkundla zomlawuli zilumke ukuba zingavumeli ukuba zibone ubuze benkosi yazo; kwimeko yomgaqo-nkqubo wase-US kuMbindi Mpuma, kukho into eyenziwa ngumbhali wemidlalo yeqonga uBertolt Brecht Umsantsa omkhulu phakathi kwabanye abadlali kunye nemigca yabo. Ngokucacileyo, bambalwa kakhulu kubo abakholelwa kwizinto ezifunwa siskripthi.
Kule nto ingenangqondo ithatha i-fairytale yakudala, nanini na umntu ebonisa ukuba umlawuli akanampahla, uxelelwa nje "duh!" phambi kokuba abadlali babuye benze ngathi yiveki yefashoni ebhotwe.
Umdlalo weparlor kuyo yonke le nto unokuthi uthathe isigqibo sokuba yeyiphi na inkundla yaseBush eyona inqwenela kakhulu kwaye igxekayo. Ukhuphiswano lunzima, kodwa nantsi into ebangela ubunzima bogqatso:
1. AmaSirayeli
Iinkokeli zakwa-Israel zaqaphela ukuthatha kukaHamas ukhuseleko lwaseGaza njengethuba-kodwa hayi, njengoko zisahleli ukutshela Iintatheli ezikhohlisayo, ukuba zenze isivumelwano soxolo kunye “nabamodareyitha” basePalestine. Ngokuchaseneyo noko, ijongwe njengepasile lasimahla lokukhusela naluphi na uxinzelelo olucingelwayo lwase-US lokuqukumbela, okanye ukusebenzela, isivumelwano sokugqibela kunye namaPalestine. Ekuphela kwento ekufuneka bayenze ngoku kukwenza izijeziso zenkxaso kuMahmoud Abbas, umongameli wePalestinian National Authority, ngelixa besebenzisa into yokuba uthetha isiqingatha okanye ngaphantsi kwabo bonke abantu basePalestine ukubonisa ubungqina babo bokuba, njengakuqala, "akukho Iqabane lasePalestina loxolo. "
Ngokwengxelo ehlonitshwayo yezopolitiko yakwaSirayeli Aluf Benn, ngoku kukho ukuvumelana kwentsimbi kwi-spectrum yezopolitiko zase-Israel ukuba ukuhoxiswa kwi-West Bank akunakwenzeka kwikamva elibonakalayo. “Kule meko,” ubhala watsho uBenn, “kucacile ukuba nayiphi na intetho 'ngesisombululo sezizwe-mbini' kunye [neNkulumbuso u-Ehud Olmert] izibhengezo kwingqungquthela yaseSharm el-Sheikh 'ngamathuba amatsha' kunye 'nokukhawulezisa inkqubo eya. ilizwe lasePalestina' ngamaxoki. Le nkonzo yomlomo yozakuzo, ingadityaniswanga nento yokwenyani nolindelo lokwenyani, yenzelwe ukuthomalalisa abantu baseMelika nabaseYurophu kwaye ishenxise ingcinezelo kuSirayeli.”
Ubuxoki obunjalo bulungile kulawulo lukaBush kunye namagunya ahlukahlukeneyo aseYurophu, uBenn ubhala athi, kanye ngenxa yokuba esenza into enye: “Uluntu lwezizwe ngezizwe luthatha inxaxheba kulo mboniso, yaye ngokuthe ngcembe luphelelwa ngumdla kungquzulwano.” Xa kuziwa ekulandeleni naluphi na uhlobo lwesivumelwano sokuphelisa ukuhlala kukaSirayeli kwimimandla eyathinjwa ngowe-1967, umgaqo-nkqubo wolawulo lukaBush unokushwankathelwa ngamagama amathathu: Jonga uxakekile.
Ixesha elide lika-Israyeli, kodwa lihlala litshintsha, ingxabano ibe lula ngokwaneleyo: Ayinaqabane lasePalestina. Okokuqala oko kwaba ngumbulelo kwinkokeli ye-PLO uYasser Arafat ukuphindaphinda; yaba bubuthathaka bukaMongameli wasePalestina uMahmoud Abbas; ngokulandelayo, kwakuloyiso lukaHamas ngonyulo lukaJanuwari 2006 (oluxhaswe nguBush), lulandelwa sisigqibo sika-Abbas sokuyijoyina kurhulumente “womanyano”; ngoku, kunye ne-Hamas eshiywe ukuba ilambe kwaye afe eGaza evaliweyo, kunye no-Abbas ukumisa urhulumente wakhe ongakhethwanga kwi-West Bank, sibuyela kubuthathaka buka-Abbas njengenkcazo.
Ulawulo lukaBush luye lwavakalisa ngokunyanisekileyo ukuphambuka kukaSirayeli kwiingxoxo kunye namaPalestina, ikhosi eyaqala xa uAriel Sharon wonyulwa njengenkulumbuso ngoFebruwari 2001. op-ed emva kwe-op-ed kumaphepha aseU.S, iHamas ibonakalisa umnqweno wayo wokubandakanya, kwaye njengoko uSirayeli eqhubeka uthethathethwano ngotshintshiselwano lwamabanjwa kunye ne-Hamas, iinkokeli zakwaSirayeli zigxininisa ukuba uthethathethwano nombutho alunakwenzeka. I-Hamas, emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ilwe imfazwe yoloyiko ngokuchasene no-Israyeli kwaye yala ngokuqinileyo ukuvuma ilizwe lamaJuda.
Bambalwa ngoku bakhumbula ukuba u-Israyeli wasebenzisa ingxabano efanayo ukuphepha ukuthetha ne-Arafat's Fatah kunye ne-Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). UFatah, naye, wayekhe wabandakanyeka kubugrogrisi ngokuchasene namaSirayeli (kwaye usenjenjalo ngamaxesha athile) kwaye wala ukuphinda ahlaziye umgaqo-siseko wawo ukuze aqonde uSirayeli de kwangowe-1998, iminyaka emihlanu. emva U-Arafat kunye neNkulumbuso u-Yizhak Rabin baye baxhawulana ngezandla kwi-White House. Ukungaqatshelwa kukaSirayeli sisiqalo esingagqibekanga sobuzwe basePalestine, njengosekela ntloko yeHamas u-Abu Marzook. kutshanje yenziwe yacaca kwi Los Angeles Times, kungekhona ngenxa yonqulo oluthile kodwa ngenxa yokuba, kubantu basePalestina, ukudalwa kukaSirayeli ngowe-1948 kwathetha ukuthinjwa kwawo ngogonyamelo. I-Hamas ikholelwa ukuba iyalelwa ukuba ivumeleke ngokusemthethweni oku kuhluthwa ngaphambi kokuba iingxoxo ziqale, kwaye iyala ukwenza njalo.
Inyani yokuba u-Fatah ekugqibeleni wamqonda u-Israyeli-kwaye wafumana imbuyekezo encinci- iwuxabise kakhulu umbutho kwisitrato sasePalestine. Kwiinyanga ezisithoba kwi-Western blockade yemali eyalandela uloyiso lonyulo lukaHamas, a survey eqhutywe yiZiko lePalestine elixhaswa ngemali yaseNtshona loPhando lwezeNtlalo kunye nezopolitiko lifumene i-54% yabantu basePalestina abanelisekanga ngokusebenza kukaHamas ngamandla kwaye kuphela i-40% ekulungele ukuyivotela kwakhona. Nangona kunjalo, xa ebuzwa ukuba i-Hamas kufuneka iqonde u-Israyeli ukuze iphakamise ungqingo, i-67% yathi hayi.
Ama-Israel aya kuqhubeka edlala kunye ne-American fantasy ukuba uxolo lunokuqukunjelwa kunye nokuzimela kwe-autocracy yasePalestina, ngelixa imfazwe iqhutywe kurhulumente onyuliweyo wasePalestina. Nangona kunjalo, bazi kakuhle ukuba uAbbas akakho kwimeko yokunikezela-kwaye lithamsanqa kwindlela yabo yokucinga. Ngapha koko, ukusukela ngexesha lokuba uSharon abe yinkulumbuso, isivumelwano soxolo kunye neenkokeli zasePalestina asizange sibe yile nto uSirayeli wayecinga ngayo. Izithembiso zakhe zephulo lonyulo zibandakanya ukuphelisa inkqubo yoxolo yase-Oslo. Akashiyanga mathandabuzo ukuba wayekholelwa ukuba uhlobo loxolo olubanzi ekuthethwa ngalo e-Oslo lwalungenakwenzeka. Kwi- udliwanondlebe kungekudala emva konyulo lwakhe, endaweni yoko wabiza "isisombululo sexesha elide, ngokuthe ngcembe esiya kusenza sihlole uphuhliso lobudlelwane phakathi kwethu namaPalestina ngokuhamba kwexesha." Okumangalisayo kukuba, le yimeko kanye iinkokeli zeHamas eziye zathatha kulo mba. Bakhetha “izivumelwano” zexesha elide ezijolise ekuthomalaliseni ubudlelwane phakathi kwaba bantu babini, endaweni yezivumelwano zokugqibela. Loo mbono ifumana i-Hamas ileyibhile ethi "rejectionist"; UBush wabiza uSharon "yindoda yoxolo."
Ixhaswe yimeko yesithuba se-9/11 eWashington, eSharon wakhokela amaMelika kumdaniso we-giddy. Okokuqala, wabavumela ukuba bavume ukuba iingxoxo zoxolo zazingenakwenzeka kuba uArafat wayenenkululeko kwaye enenkohliso. Ke i-US yafuna ukuba, phambi kwayo nayiphi na inkqubela "kwinkqubo yoxolo," uMongameli uArafat kuya kufuneka anikezele ulawulo lwemali yasePalestine kunye nemikhosi yokhuseleko kwindlu yowiso-mthetho ekhethwe ngokwentando yesininzi kunye nekhabhinethi kunye nenkulumbuso ayikhethileyo.
Emva koko uArafat wasweleka kwaye iNkulumbuso ethandwayo yaseMelika uMahmoud Abbas waba nguMongameli. USharon wachaza ngokukhawuleza ukuba uAbbas ubuthathaka kakhulu eluxolweni, isiprofeto awasizalisekisa ngokubonisa abavoti basePalestina ukuba u-Abbas akayi kufeza nto ngeengxoxo ezinomonde, ezibuhlungu kunye noWashington.
Sekunjalo, abo bantu baseMelika abakhohlakeleyo abazange babonakale befumana ihlaya; ke, ngokugqwethekileyo, batyhalela unyulo lwasePalestina, olwathi iHamas yaluphumelela ngokufanelekileyo. Bengaboni ngasonye, ulawulo lukaBush lwakhawuleza lwayikhupha ingcaciso engenabuqhetseba yokuba iHamas iphumelele ngenxa yorhwaphilizo lukaFatah (nanjengoko iqhubekile nokubamba ezinye zezona zinto zinobuqhophololo eFatah). Njengomcebisi okhethekileyo we-European Union (EU) kuMbindi Mpuma uAlastair Crooke yenza kucace, isiphumo sonyulo ngokwenene ngokuyintloko kukugatya i-Fatah kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yayo. Amava ezizwe ngezizwe aye abonisa ukuba abavoti baya kulunyamezela umlinganiselo othile worhwaphilizo olwenziwa ziinkokeli zobupolitika logama nje ziphumeza ezinye zezithembiso zazo. (Urhulumente wangoku waseBrazil ungumzekelo ogqibeleleyo woku.) Kodwa abavoti basePalestina baqonda ukuba uFatah wayebakhokelele kwindlela engaboniyo—phantse iminyaka engama-20 yothethathethwano ayizange iwaphelise amaSirayeli. ide facto Ulawulo lweGaza kwaye ubone ukwanda okuzinzileyo, ngendlela yokuhlaliswa, kokuhlala kwayo kwi-West Bank.
Idemokhrasi yasePalestina yayibuyisele iqela “elingalunganga” emandleni. Impendulo yase-US yashwankathelwa kakuhle kwi-quip kaBrecht malunga nengxelo yaseburhulumenteni yaseMpuma Jamani ethi "abantu" baphulukene nentembelo kurhulumente: "Ngaba bekungayi kuba lula ukutshabalalisa abantu kwaye kunyulwe omnye endaweni yabo?"
Ulawulo lukaBush lwakhawuleza lwamkela umgaqo-nkqubo wesohlwayo esihlangeneyo. Abantu basePalestina babeza kukrwitshwa de barhoxe baze basijike isigqibo sabo sonyulo. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo iinkokeli zakwa-Israeli ezihlekisayo ngoku zibukele njengoko iWashington ibuyisela umva yonke into ebiyithethile malunga nolawulo lwasePalestine, ifuna ukuba lonke igunya kukhuseleko, imali, kunye nayo nayiphi na enye into ethi qatha engqondweni kufuneka ibekwe, njengakwixesha lika-Arafat, ezandleni zikamongameli. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, yaqala nayo ukuphembelela izicwangciso zobhukuqo-mbuso apho imikhosi yokhuseleko yasePalestina exhaswa yi-US ephendula kuFatah onamandla uMuhammad Dahlan yayiza kuthimba iGaza. Ngoku siyazi kakuhle kangakanani oko kwaphumelela.
Njengoko i-vaudeville yolawulo lukaBush iqhubeka, u-Israel uya kudlala kunye, ngelixa egweba u-Abbas ongonwabanga ngezenzo zokukhuthaza. U-Israyeli uvumile ukuqalisa iimali ezikhohlisayo-ezizezoLawulo lwasePalestina, kodwa wabanjwa ukususela ekuloyiseni konyulo lukaHamas - kwingxowa ka-Abbas (kodwa hayi konke ngaxeshanye, khumbula, hleze afumane ingcamango yokuba unayo nayiphi na inkululeko yokwenza). Ikwavumile ukukhulula malunga nama-250 ngaphezulu kwama-9,000 amabanjwa asePalestine awabambileyo (kwaye ngamalungu akwinqanaba elisezantsi kuphela leqela lika-Abbas ngelo xesha). Ezi “zijekulo” zimbini ziluphawu lwendlela uSirayeli ebonakala ekulungele ngayo ukwenza “ukuxhasa” uAbbas.
Ngokwahlukileyo, i-Hamas isebenzisa ukubanjwa kwayo ngaphezu konyaka odlulileyo wejoni lakwa-Israel uGilad Shalit ukuxoxisana nokukhululwa kwamabanjwa angaphezu kwe-1,000 asePalestina - kwaye baye banyamekela ukuqinisekisa ukuba uluhlu lwabo lubandakanya amabanjwa kuwo onke amaqela. Unokuqikelela ukuba yeyiphi indlela eya kuyenza bonakalisa ukuthandwa ngakumbi phakathi kwamaPalestina.
Ingaba i-Abbas ebuthathaka okanye i-Hamas engapheliyo, i-Israel iya kuqhubeka iphikisana ukuba akukho mlingani wokwenene wasePalestina. Umboniso wokudala omnye uya kuqhubeka, kodwa wenzelwe ukungaphumeleli.
2. Mahmoud Abbas
UMahmoud Abbas ujongeka njengekhempi engonwabanga ixesha elide. Ngokunjalo kufuneka. Njengomcebisi wangaphambili uClinton uRob Malley kunye nomcebisi wangaphambili wasePalestina uHussein Agha kuphawulwe kwiminyaka emine eyadlulayo, U-Abbas (aka Abu Mazen) wayenendima engaqondakaliyo kwiskripthi esibhalwe ngu-Ariel Sharon kunye nokukhanya okuluhlaza kulawulo lukaBush:
“Vumela u-Abu Mazen aphumelele ukuze abeke ecaleni i-Arafat, aphelise intifada exhobileyo, kwaye azuzele uSirayeli umlinganiselo wokhuseleko. Kodwa makaphumelele kuphela ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kwaye angaqhubeli phambili. Makazise imeko enoxolo ngakumbi ngaphandle kokuxhamla kwimbuyekezo yayo yezopolitiko. Kuba impumelelo ka-Abu Mazen inokumzisela amandla, kwaye amandla akhe aya kuvuselela isoyikiso sombutho omanyeneyo wasePalestine ukuba ukunyuka kwakhe kwakwenzelwe ukuba kuthintelwe. "
Emva kokungcakaza ngobomi bakhe bezopolitiko ngokuvuma kwe-United States ukucinezela u-Israyeli ukuba agqibe isivumelwano samazwe amabini, u-Abbas kudala esazi ukuba inene kangakanani ikhabhathi yothethathethwano. Kangangeminyaka ngoku, kuye kwafuneka eme egwetyiwe, emehlweni abantu bakhe, ngokunconywa okuncinci kunye nezenzo zobuntu eziphoswayo ngamanye amaxesha.
Nokuba yeyiphi na i-rhetoric, ayizukuba ngcono kakhulu. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ulawulo lukaBush lwayishiya indima yokulamla phakathi kuka-Israyeli kunye namaPalestina phantse nje ukuba luthathe isikhundla. Ukusukela ngoko, iinzame zayo zinokushwankathelwa ngcono ubusuku bonke Unobhala welizwe uCondi Rice uye warhola eYerusalem, ngokungathi ubambene nediplomacy yokwenyani. Wayedla ngokukhala malunga nendlela awufumene ngayo umda wokuwela eGaza uvuliwe (owayeya kuvalwa rhoqo kwiintsuku nje zokunduluka kwakhe). Ngokungathi oko kwakungelohlazo ngokwaneleyo ku-Abbas, kwafuneka enjenjalo nyamezela ukuthethiswa ngamaxesha athile evela eRice ngenxa yokusilela kwakhe ukuxhokonxa imfazwe yamakhaya yasePalestina neHamas.
Ingxaki ka-Abbas kukuba noBush - nokuba ebefuna, engayifuniyo-okanye nawuphi na umongameli oza kungena ezihlangwini zakhe, unokubeka emngciphekweni wezopolitiko zasekhaya ezidityaniswe nokucinezela u-Israyeli kwisivumelwano soxolo. Bush kuMbindi Mpuma umlawuli uElliot Abrams kutshanje Amaqela e-pro-Israel e-US ukuba konke ukuthuthwa kukaNobhala we-State Rice ejikeleze lo mmandla kwakuyinkqubo nje, eyenzelwe ukubeka ama-Arabhu kwaye iphumelele inkxaso yabo yokubeka uxinzelelo olungakumbi kwi-Iran. UMongameli, u-Abrams uthe, wayengenanjongo yokucinezela uSirayeli ukuba abuyele kwitafile yothethathethwano.
Abavoti basePalestine babesazi ukuba umdlalo wawuphezulu kwakudala ngaphambi kokuba ubunkokeli beFatah bujongane naloo nto. Njengoko uAlastair Crooke wathi:
"Kunqabile ukuba nabaphi na abantu basePalestine ngoku bakholelwa ukuba 'ukuziphatha kakuhle' kwePalestine - njengoko kuthenjiswe uSirayeli nguFatah - kuya kubangela i-US ukuba ingayihoyi indawo yayo yasekhaya yakwaSirayeli kwaye icinezele uSirayeli ukuba arhoxe kwimihlaba ebibanjwe ngo-1967… kwiWest Bank salami-inqunyulwe ziindawo zokuhlala, izikhululo zomkhosi, imimandla yomkhosi, iingcingo kunye neendlela zakwa-Israeli kuphela ezinqumle lo mmandla ube ziindawo ezivalelweyo apho abantu abazizigidi ezi-2.5 basePalestina bavalelwe, iintshukumo zabo zithintelwe kakhulu… I-US kunye ne [European Union] waphikisa ngelithi ugonyamelo lwasePalestina lwaluyingxaki; kodwa amaPalestine aqaphele ukuba ngamaxesha okuzola ngakumbi kunokuba abe ngaphantsi komhlaba wabo awela kwi-salami-slicer yase-Israel - kodwa uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe lwahlala luthule. "
Ngoko uAbbas yindoda elilolo kakhulu. Kwaye urhwaphilizo olumjikelezileyo yi-a uphawu yendlela umbutho wakhe ophulukene nobuni bezopolitiko kwaye endaweni yoko waba sisixhobo samandla kunye nokuzityebisa. Uloyiko lokuphulukana namandla okuxhasa, olufakwe kakubi kwiintetho malunga neenjongo zesizwe, yinto eyabangela ukuba iinkokeli ze-Fatah zicinezele u-Abbas, ukususela kwixesha apho iziphumo zonyulo zikhoyo, ukuba zibhukuqe. Ulawulo luka-Abbas ngoku luya kungqina ngaphezulu kwekopi yekhabhoni ye-decrepit, ii-autocratic Arabic regimes kwingingqi ezimisele ukulandela imiyalelo yase-US. Njengoko eBeirut Daily Star umhleli omkhulu uRami Khouri ya phawula ebutsheni balo nyaka, oorhulumente abanjalo bakholisa ukuthetha ngamahlakani abo asondeleyo, iinkosi zabo zokhuseleko, kunye nokunye okuninzi. Abantu baseMelika kunye namaSirayeli ayazi ukuba u-Abbas (njengabo rhulumente) unamakhadi ambalwa okudlala kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba akanakukhetha ngaphandle kokuthatha nantoni na ayinikiweyo.
Iingxaki zasekhaya zika-Abbas azikhawulelwanga kwimpembelelo yeHamas. Umhlalutyi uKhaled Amyreh bonisa ukuba iqela lakhe ngaphakathi kwe-Fatah lincinci kakhulu kwaye ukuzimisela kwalo ukwamkela ukufundiswa kweMelika kuyanqatshwa ngabo babesondele kwi-Arafat. Mhlawumbi eqonda ubungozi bokuhlukaniswa kwakhe (kwanangaphakathi kweqela lakhe), u-Abbas uyavela ngoku ukuba wenze idini UDahlan, umphathi wakhe wezokhuseleko lwelizwe (kunye noBush kunye noCondi oyintandokazi ethanjisiweyo). Kunzima ukungakrokri ukuba u-Abbas usenokuthi athathele ingqalelo into yokubakho kobudlelwane obuthile kunye neHamas.
3. Ulawulo lwama-Arabhu
Ii-autocrats zama-Arabhu eziyimfuneko ngoku ubukho babo nanini na uBush enxiba enye yeempahla zakhe ezibonisa ukuzibona kwimeko ka-Abbas. Nabo, banexabiso elincinci lokubonisa abantu babo ngembuyekezo yobudlelwane neWashington. Abemi babo, nabo, bababukele bemi bengenakunceda njengoko iWashington iye yavumela kwaye yakhuthaza ukunyathelwa ngokucwangcisiweyo kwamaPalestina, ukuchithwa kweLebhanon, kunye nentshabalalo ye-Iraq (ngoku ivelisa inani lokufa elilingana ne-9/11 ubuncinci yonke into. iiveki ezimbalwa). Abo bemi, nabo, babona ukuba ngamaSilamsi kuphela abonakala ezimisele ukumelana ne-US kunye ne-Israel. Ii-autocrats, nazo, zicenga kwaye zibongoza iWashington ukuba inyanzelise isisombululo semibuso emibini esekwe kwimida yakwa-Israyeli ye-1967 kwaye bajongane nokugxothwa okufanayo kweenkxalabo zabo okanye iziqinisekiso ezifanayo ezingenantsingiselo.
Kufuneka bakhunjuzwe kangaphi ngamagosa olawulo ukuba uMongameli Bush wayeyinkokeli yokuqala yaseMelika ukubiza esidlangalaleni ilizwe lasePalestine? Kakade ke, naye wayengowokuqala vuma ngokusemthethweni Ilungelo likaSirayeli kwiindawo ezinkulu zokuhlala ezakhiwe kwi-West Bank ehlalayo ngokuphulwa komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe.
Kangangokuba babengabathungi bakaBush ngeentsuku zokuqala zohambo lwakhe lwaseMesopotamiya kangangokuba babecinga ukukhupha iitrasti zase-US ixesha elide eSaudi Arabia, Egypt, nakwezinye iindawo. Babecinga “itsunami yedemokhrasi” eyayiza kuwutshayela lo mmandla, ithabathel’ indawo amahlakani angaphambili kunye neqela lika-Ahmed Chalabis, uFouad Ajamis, uKenan Makiyas, u-Amir Taheris, kunye nabanye abantu baseMbindi Mpuma abavunywe neocon.
Ukuphumelela kwe-Hamas kunyaka odlulileyo kwenza kwacaca ukuba umxhamli wayo nayiphi na idemokhrasi yama-Arabhu yayiza kuba ngamaSilamsi, ngoko ke uHosni Mubarak waseYiputa kunye noKumkani u-Abdullah waseJordan kunye ne-Saudi Arabia kunye nabahamba nabo baya kufuneka benze ngoku. Umsebenzi wabo kwi-Bush schema, nangona kunjalo, kukusebenza njengendawo “yemveli” echwayitisayo njengoko etyekela e-Iran, ngelixa exhasa u-Abbas kwindima yakhe njenge-gendarme yasePalestina.
4. Abantu baseYurophu
Ngokungafaniyo namahlakani angama-Arabhu ancuma kabuhlungu njengoko ethe cwaka evuselela uMongameli uBush ukuba anxibe iimpahla ezithile, abantu baseYurophu, ngendlela engaqhelekanga, baye bahluba baze bajoyina uBush kwi-catwalk. IYurophu, nayo, inyanzelisa ungqingo lwemali ngokuchasene norhulumente onyuliweyo wasePalestina ngethemba elingento yokuba oku kuya kunyanzela ukuzinikela okungokomfuziselo kwiHamas. (Ulawulo lwama-Arabhu, ubuncinci, lunesizathu sokuba i-US isebenzisa isikhundla sayo esiphezulu kwinkqubo yebhanki yamazwe ngamazwe ukubathintela ekuthumeleni imali eGaza; abantu baseYurophu abakwenzi oko njengombandela womgaqo-nkqubo.)
Kwaye ayingobagxeki kuphela abacinga ukuba bafanele bazi ngcono; bona kuvuma ukuba bazi ngcono: Umhlalutyi wezokhuseleko lwesizwe waseU.S. uMark Perry ityhila ukuba, emva kokuba yena noAlastair Crooke bechazele iinkokeli zaseYurophu ngeengxoxo zokuthethathethana neHamas phezu kwayo nje ingcinezelo yaseUnited States yokuba yala, omnye unozakuzaku waphendula wathi: “Siyazi ukuba uchanile, ngokwenene senjenjalo. Kodwa asizukwaphula nabantu baseMelika. Asinakuyenza loo nto.”
Ukuba ukuzimisela ukukrwitsha amaPalestine eGaza luvavanyo lokuthembeka e-US, kukwathatha abantu baseYurophu ukuba baphume kuyo nayiphi na indima ebalulekileyo kulo mmandla - njengoko uTony Blair eya kufumanisa ngokukhawuleza xa eqalisa umsebenzi wakhe wesidenge "wokucebisa" Ukwakhiwa kweziko lasePalestine phantsi kokuhlala kunye nokungqingwa - ngokwemiqathango engabandakanyi urhulumente okhethwe ngentando yesininzi ekuqeqeshweni kwakhe, hayi ngaphantsi. Okubuhlungu kukuba, ukuphela kwendima yaseYurophu ezimeleyo kuya kuba nemiphumo ebuhlungu kumaSirayeli kunye namaPalestina, kunye nathi sonke. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, njengoko abantu baseYurophu baye baqaphela ngokuqinisekileyo, phantsi kukaMongameli Bush kunye namagosa akhe aphezulu i-US izenzele inxalenye yengxaki, ingeyonxalenye yaso nasiphi na isisombululo kuMbindi Mpuma.
Leyo ngokwenene yintlekele enkulu yolawulo lukaBush, oluthe lwakhupha umgaqo-nkqubo walo kungquzulwano lwase-Israeli-Palestine ku-Ariel Sharon. Iingcamango zikaSharon ngoku zifakwe ngokunzulu kwisigxina samaqela omabini kwiCapitol Hill ukuba iCongress ichasene nePalestina ngaphezu kolawulo. Njengoko abagqatswa bomongameli bawo omabini amaqela bewela omnye komnye ukuze bathathe amanyathelo aqatha kumaPalestine, eIran, kunye naso nasiphi na esinye isihloko esixhalabisa uSirayeli, kubhejwa ukuba umboniso wefashoni wasebukhosini uza kuqhubeka, akukhathaliseki. othatha indawo kaBush kwitrone yobukhosi.
UTony Karon ungumhleli ophezulu kwi-TIME.com apho uhlalutya i-Middle East kunye nezinye iingxabano zamazwe ngamazwe. Ukwaqhuba eyakhe iwebhusayithi, Iingcambu zeCosmopolitan.
[Eli nqaku lavela kuqala I-Tomdispatch.com, iblogi yeSizwe yeZiko, ebonelela ngokuhamba ngokuqhubekayo kweminye imithombo, iindaba, kunye noluvo oluvela kuTom Engelhardt, umhleli wexesha elide ekupapasheni, umseki we iProjekthi yobuKumkani baseMelika kunye nomlobi Uthumo alufezekiswanga (Iincwadi zeSizwe), ingqokelela yokuqala yodliwano-ndlebe lukaTomdispatch.]
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Nikela