Phantsi koxinzelelo lokuhlaselwa kweenzuzo ezixabisekileyo zentlalo - iinkonzo zoluntu, imisebenzi, amalungelo engqesho, ngokwenene yonke into enika ubomi isidima esithile - imibutho yabasebenzi ngokuqondakalayo iye yazikhusela, ithanda ukubona abasebenzi njengamaxhoba.
Kodwa kuthekani ukuba abasebenzi bangaqala ukucinga ngeziqu zabo bengengabo bangonzakeleyo abangenakuzinceda benamandla angaphaya kolawulo lwabo kodwa njengomthombo wobuchule obufunekayo ukufumana izisombululo - izisombululo ezisekwe kwiindlela zokucwangcisa imicimbi yezoqoqosho eziya kusisusa kubungxowankulu obuxhaswa ngemali ukuya kuqoqosho olulungeleyo. injongo yomntu? Khawufane ucinge ukuba, endaweni yokusabela ekucuthweni kwemisebenzi ngeemfuno zentlawulo engcono yokungafuneki, abasebenzi bangene kwimizi-mveliso kwaye banyanzelise 'kwimveliso eluncedo ekuhlaleni'.
Okanye ukuba abasebenzi benkonzo karhulumente bajongene nesoyikiso sokuthengiswa kwamashishini abucala, endaweni yokuxoxisana kuphela ukukhusela imimiselo kunye neemeko zabo kunye nabaphathi abatsha babucala, iindlela ezicetywayo zokuphucula amandla enkonzo karhulumente ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabasebenzisi bayo kunye nokwenza imisebenzi yenkonzo yoluntu ngakumbi. eyanelisayo kwinkqubo.
Ndicebisa oku kungekuphela nje njengomdlalo wengqondo kodwa ngenxa yokuba amava embali yokwenyani ezi ndlela zombini andikhuthaza kakhulu. Kwaye ngalo mzuzu xa ubungxowankulu obuxhaswa ngemali busizise kumbhodamo kwaye okubi ngakumbi, kubonakala kusengqiqweni ukufunda kumava okwenene kwaye sithathele ingqalelo amathuba anokwenzeka okusebenza njengomthombo wokwenyani, imveliso yentlalo.
Into eyongeza kungxamiseko ekufumaneni iindlela ezintsha zemveliso kukuba ubungxowankulu obuxhaswa ngemali bukhokelela ngokoqobo ekutshatyalalisweni kwabasebenzi. Ndisandula ukubuya eJapan, apho uxinzelelo lweshishini lokubuyisela imveliso lukhokelele ekufeni okuqikelelwa kwi-1,000 ngenxa yokusebenza ngokugqithisileyo kulo nyaka uphelileyo.
Akumangalisi kulo mxholo ukuba imithombo yempembelelo entsha ixoxwa. Ndabelane ngemizekelo emibini kwindibano yocweyo kunye neemanyano zabasebenzi, izifundiswa kunye namatsha ntliziyo ezopolitiko eYokohama kwiveki ephelileyo.
Elinye yayilinyathelo elise-UK phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1970 ngumbutho osekwe kwifektri kwezobunjineli. Yayibandakanya iqela ngalinye labasebenzi, ukususela kubayili abanobuchule obuphakamileyo, ukusa kubasebenzi abanobuchule bokusebenza ngezandla ukusa kwabo batshayela umgangatho womzi-mveliso. Bajongene nokuvalwa kunye nokulahleka kwemisebenzi njengoko inkampani yabo, iLucas Aerospace, yasabela ekuqinisweni kokhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe, njengeenkampani ezininzi zaseBritani, ngokunciphisa abasebenzi. Ingqondo yokuqala yekomiti yemanyano yabasebenzi yayikukulandela umzekelo wabanye abasebenzi belo xesha nokuchasa ukuncitshiswa kwemisebenzi. Kodwa babevakalelwa kukuba ukuze eli qhinga liphumelele kwakufuneka babe neqhinga ngendlela bona, abasebenzi, ababeza kuwuqhuba ngayo lo mzi-mveliso ngokwahlukileyo.
Ngaxeshanye, umphathiswa woshishino kurhulumente wezabasebenzi, uTony Benn, uxoxe nabo ukuba bafuna ntoni kwikamva lale nkampani. Umgaqo-nkqubo weLabour Party ubophelele urhulumente ekubeni enze iindawo zoshishino lwe-aerospace zibe ngurhulumente. UBenn wababuza ukuba abasebenzi balibona njani ikamva loshishino. Zazithini izicwangciso zabo nezindululo ababeza kufuna ngazo inkxaso karhulumente? Ukuba nokwenzeka kokwenziwa kwesizwe okanye inkxaso-mali karhulumente inokuba ngumthombo wamandla eengxoxo ekuxhaseni izindululo zabasebenzi.
Ukucutha ibali elide, iinkokeli zabasebenzi beLucas Aerospace ('abagcini beevenkile' njengoko bebizwa njalo e-UK) bavumelana ngombono wokubandakanya bonke abasebenzi ekuzobeni izindululo malunga nendlela izakhono zabo kunye noomatshini abangasetyenziselwa ngayo ' imveliso eluncedo ekuhlaleni'. Ingqiqo emva kolu luvo yayikukuba, ngokuchasene neenzame zabaphathi zokubhengeza ukuba abasebenzi 'bangasebenzi', abasebenzi babegxininisa ukuba izakhono zabo azibalulekanga. Kwakukho iimfuno ezininzi - zezothutho, izixhobo zokusingqongileyo kunye nezempilo, umzekelo - ababenamandla okuyila kunye nokwenza.
Kwaye babonakalise inqaku labo ngokwenza iiprototypes, baziva bezithembile kulwazi lwabo olubambekayo kunye namandla okudala. Abaphathi bazikhabile ezo ziphakamiso, bezibona njengesoyikiso kwilungelo labo. Urhulumente, phantsi koxinzelelo lwamashishini abucala kunye nemali, kwaye ekusebenzeni ngokusondeleyo kubaphathi kunabasebenzi, wamsusa uTony Benn kwiSebe lezoShishino kwaye akenzanga nto ukunyanzela uLucas ukuba abasebenzi bakwazi ukuvelisa iimveliso eziluncedo kunokuba bajoyine amanqanaba akhulayo. abangaphangeliyo.
Kuyo yonke imveliso yemveliso eBritani, nangona kunjalo, iLucas Aerospace Alternative Plan for Social Useful Production yaba yibhakana enokwenzeka kunye nenkuthazo eyenziwa ngamanye amaqela abasebenzi. Bedityanisiwe kunye neengcinga malunga notyalo-mali loluntu lwedemokhrasi yasekhaya, bacebise elinye ikamva loshishino lwaseBritane. Ikamva eliza kusindisa inkunkuma kunye nentshabalalo yentlalontle eyabangelwa kukunyanzeliswa kukaMargaret Thatcher ku-'Tina' (Ayikho enye indlela).
Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini nangaphezulu emva koko, isoyikiso esitsha kwisidima sabasebenzi, kunye neso soluntu, yayikukuthengiswa kweenkonzo zabucala, ngakumbi kurhulumente wasekhaya. A classic case, endiyibhaleyo, yaba sisigqibo sobunkokeli boMsebenzi weBhunga leSixeko saseNewcastle kwikhontrakthi encinci - oko kukuthi ukuthengisa - inkqubo yayo ye-IT kunye neenkonzo ezihambelanayo, kubandakanya ukuqokelela irhafu kunye nokubonelela abemi ngolwazi malunga neenkonzo zebhunga. Inkampani yezonxibelelwano yezizwe ngezizwe iBritish Telecom ibiyeyona ithandwayo.
Kwakhona ukusika ibali elide elifutshane, isebe lomanyano lwasekuhlaleni lalile ukuvuma uluvo lokuba inkampani yabucala iza kubonelela ngeyona nkonzo ingcono. Igqibe kwelokuba ugwayimbo olukhuselayo olufana nogwayimbo aluyi kukwanela ukumisa inkqubo. Ngoko ke iye yagqiba ekubeni iququzelele 'iintsuku zokungabikho' apho abasebenzi abavela kuzo zonke iindawo ze-IT kunye neSebe leeNkonzo eziNxulumeneyo baye bathabatha ikhefu kwimisebenzi yabo yesiqhelo ukuze babelane ngezimvo zabo malunga nendlela yokuphucula inkonzo. Le nkqubo yakha ukuzithemba kwabasebenzi ngenye indlela yenkonzo yoluntu. Ikwangene kwiphulo lezopolitiko phantsi kwesiqubulo esithi 'IsiXeko sethu asiThengisi' elenza ukuba ukugcina iinkonzo zisesidlangalaleni kube ngumba weNewcastle iphela.
Isiphumo sokugqibela saba yindlela eqhutywa ngabasebenzi kwaye ekugqibeleni ixhaswe ngumphathi kwibhidi yeBritish Telecom yeenkonzo. Enye indlela yombutho eneenkcukacha yokuguqula ulawulo loluntu lweenkonzo yakha inkxaso ethandwayo kwisixeko sonke nangaphakathi kwibhunga kangangokuba abezopolitiko abaxhasa ushishino lwabucala boyisiwe kunye nolunye ukhetho loluntu, olusekwe kwidemokhrasi yasemsebenzini kunye nenkxaso kunolawulo lwendlela yomyalelo. , yaba lolona khetho luthandwayo.
Imizabalazo echasene nokuthengiswa kwamashishini abucala apho imibutho yabasebenzi kunye nabemi becinezela izimvo zokuphucula iinkonzo zoluntu kunye nedemokhrasi ziye zaxhaphaka ngakumbi - umzekelo, ekulweni ukuthengiswa kwamanzi e-Uruguay, eBrazil, ePeru, e-Itali nakwezinye iindawo, kunye nokuchasana nokuthengiswa kwabucala koomasipala baseNorway. Ndiyibiza 'kukunganyangeki kwinguqu'. Ibonisa ukuba kunokwenzeka, njengoko kwenza isicwangciso sabasebenzi beLucas Aerospace, uhlobo lobunini boluntu bemveliso - iinkonzo kunye nezinto - apho uyilo lwabasebenzi luphunyezwa ukuze kulungelwe wonke umntu, kunokuba kuqhutyekekwe ukuhlukaniswa. , nokuba kungeenjongo ezigqitywe liqumrhu likarhulumente okanye ngabanini babucala.
Impumelelo yale nguquko yokumelana nokuthengiswa kwamashishini abucala kumazwe ahlukeneyo yahlukile kukulula apho amaqumrhu abucala aye acinezela amaqela awayekade enamandla edemokhrasi yezentlalo yaseYurophu ukuba avume ukurhoxiswa kommiselo kunye noshishino lwabucala. Oku kundikhokelela ekubeni ndiphonononge ngokunzulu ingqiqo yabasebenzi exhasa imigaqo-nkqubo yala maqela embali kunye nemibutho ethe yawaxhasa.
Isigqibo sam sesokuba ukwenziwa komgaqo-nkqubo kunye nokukhankaswa kwala maqela, kubonisa izithethe zoninzi lwemibutho yabasebenzi, akuzange kuququzelelwe malunga noluvo lwabasebenzi njengabavelisi abanolwazi nabanobuchule bokusebenzisa (ukusebenzisa iingqikelelo zikaMarx) ukusetyenziswa kwexabiso kodwa njengabamkeli bemivuzo. ukuvelisa ixabiso lotshintshiselwano apho abaqeshi bakhupha iingeniso zabo. La maqela, amele imibutho yawo, akholelwa ukuba abasebenzi banokufumana isabelo esifanelekileyo sexabiso apho iziqhamo zemisebenzi yabo zatshintshiselwa kwaye irhafu yengeniso yabaqeshi kufuneka ixhase iinkonzo zoluntu eziqinisekisa ukuphindaphindwa kwekhono labasebenzi. ukusebenza. Ingcinga yokuba la maqela kufuneka adityaniswe nabasebenzi njengee-arhente eziyilayo nezinokuthi zizimele zophuhliso loqoqosho nokudalwa kobutyebi yayingekho kwi-ajenda yabo.
Ngenxa yoko, babexhomekeke kulawulo lwabucala, abangaphantsi kwabaninizabelo babucala, ekudaleni ubutyebi. Kurhulumente, ke ngoko, ngaphandle kokuzinikela kwabo ngokwembali kumdla wabasebenzi, babesesichengeni kubuchule botyalo-mali obunyusa inzuzo yeenkampani zabucala kunye notyekelo lwabo lokususa imali kwimveliso ukuya kwintelekelelo yemali, ukwenza imali ngemali.
Lo mbono uthintelweyo wabasebenzi wawungenakuphepheka. Ubunzima bezinto zembali buchaza obu budlelwane phakathi kwezopolitiko kunye nemveliso. Ingxaki jikelele kukuba imibutho yedemokhrasi yentlalontle, kunye neemanyano zabasebenzi ezazimanyene nazo, ziphinde zavelisa ukwahlulwa kwezopolitiko kunye noqoqosho olufana nolwedemokhrasi yenkululeko. Bazibona bemele abasebenzi njengenzala yecandelo - njengabamkeli-mivuzo kunye neentsapho zabo - phakathi kobudlelwane obukhoyo bemveliso.
Umsebenzi ongxamisekileyo ngoku, njengabasebenzi kunye nabemi kwihlabathi liphela belahla amaqela oyisiweyo nadiniweyo edemokhrasi yezentlalo kwaye baphonononge amaqhinga amatsha ezopolitiko, kukuqinisa ezi zicwangciso zezopolitiko ngemibono yabasebenzi evumayo isimilo sayo esinemveliso kwaye inike inkxaso yezopolitiko kukuzimela. , urhulumente wesiqu sakhe kwesi sikhundla. Ndiza kuphonononga oku kwikholamu yam elandelayo. Ngokukodwa, emva kokuqwalasela iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokucinga ngokutsha kunye nokwakha kwakhona 'intlalontle' ngeendlela ezingalawulwa ngurhulumente - nangona ndivuma ukuba uhlobo olutsha lombuso lunendima eyimfuneko - ndifuna ukuqwalasela ukuba ngaba abasebenzi banaso na isakhono sokuyila into. inokuqondwa ngokufanelekileyo 'njengesiqhelo'.
Isiqalo esilungileyo sale mbono yamabhongo ngamazwi ombhali kunye nomlweli wenkululeko kwi-commons, u-Tomasso Fattori, umkhankasi osebenzayo wokukhusela ulawulo lwamanzi e-Italiya kwiinzame zokuthengisa izinto zabucala. Ulandelela iimpawu ekwabelwana ngazo ezenza ukuba isakhelo se-commons sibe luncedo ekuqondeni umlingiswa wezinto ezahlukahlukeneyo, ngaphandle kokuzicinezela ngobuchule kudidi olubonisa i-homogeneity.
Kwinqaku elibonisa ngokubaluleka okubanzi komzabalazo oyimpumelelo wevoti yovoto e-Italiya ukukhusela amanzi njengesiqhelo ('inguqu kwezopolitiko nenkcubeko kwi-commons,' njengoko eyichaza), uFattori uthi: 'Izinto eziqhelekileyo ziyintoni. igqalwa njengeyimfuneko ebomini, iqondwa kungekuphela nje ngokwengqiqo yebhayoloji. Ngamaqumrhu, adibanisa abantu omnye komnye, izinto eziphathekayo okanye ezingaphathekiyo esinazo sonke ngokufanayo nezisenza sibe ngamalungu oluntu, singengawo amaqumrhu azimeleyo akhuphisanayo. Izinto esizigcinayo okanye esizivelisayo kunye, ngokwemigaqo esekwe luluntu: indawo eza kuhlangulwa ekuthathweni kwezigqibo ze-elite zasemva kwedemokhrasi kwaye efuna ukuzilawula ngokweendlela zedemokhrasi ethatha inxaxheba.' (Fattori 2011) Ngaba oku akunakusebenza kumandla omntu wokudala? Kwaye kuya kuba yintoni umphumo obonakalayo?
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Nikela