UAMY KUHLE: Umbhexeshi we-intanethi kwi-WikiLeaks website ikhuphe kufutshane ne-400,000 yamaxwebhu ahleliweyo ase-US kwimfazwe yase-Iraq, eyona ngxelo inkulu yengqondo evuzayo kwimbali yase-US kunye ne-akhawunti enkulu yangaphakathi yayo nayiphi na imfazwe kwirekhodi yoluntu. Isibhengezo sibonelela ngobungqina obutsha kubundlobongela, ukungcungcuthekiswa kunye nokubandezeleka okwenzeke e-Iraq ukusukela kuhlaselo lwase-US luka-2003. Umseki weWikiLeaks uJulian Assange uveze amaxwebhu amatsha ngoMgqibelo.
UJULIAN ASSANGE: Ekukhutshweni kwethu la maxwebhu e-400,000 malunga nemfazwe yase-Iraq, iinkcukacha ezinzulu zaloo mfazwe ngokwembono yase-US, sinethemba lokulungisa olo hlaselo lwenyaniso. Sibonile ukuba kukho malunga ne-15,000 engazange ibhalwe ngaphambili okanye amatyala aziwayo abantu ababulewe ngobundlobongela e-Iraq. I-Iraq, njengoko sibona, yayiphalaza igazi kuzo zonke iimbombo zelizwe labo. Iinjongo ezichaziweyo zokungena kuloo mfazwe, yokuphucula imeko yamalungelo oluntu, ukuphucula umthetho, akuzange kwenzeke kwaye, ngokwenani labantu ababulawa ngaphandle kwesizathu, yayenza mandundu imeko e-Iraq.
UAMY KUHLE: Ngaphandle kwamabango ase-US ngokuchaseneyo, iinkuni zemfazwe zibonisa ukuba iPentagon igcine amanani okusweleka kwabantu eIraq. Iqela i-Iraq Body Count ithi ezi fayile ziqulethe ubungqina be-15,000 eyongezelelweyo eyayingaziwa abantu base-Iraq. Inani linokuba phezulu kakhulu njengoko iilogi zemfazwe zishiya iimeko ezininzi apho imikhosi yase-US yabulala abantu base-Iraqi, kuquka nokuhlaselwa kwe-US e-Fallujah ngo-2004.
Iilogi zemfazwe zikwabonisa ukuba i-US ibeke umgaqo-nkqubo osemthethweni wokungahoyi ukuxhaphaza kwamalungelo oluntu okwenziwa ngumkhosi wase-Iraq. Phantsi komyalelo owaziwa ngokuba yi "Frago 242" owakhutshwa ngoJuni ka-2004, imikhosi yomanyano yathintelwa ukuba iphande naluphi na ulwaphulo-mthetho olwenziwe ngamajoni aseIraq ngokuchasene namanye amaIraq. Amakhulu amatyala okubulala, ukungcungcuthekiswa kunye nokudlwengulwa ezandleni zemikhosi yase-Iraqi akazange ahoywe.
Ubungqina obutsha bolunye ulwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe olunokwenzeka e-US luye lwavela. Ngokweengxelo zemfazwe, inqwelomoya yase-Apache yase-US yabulala abantu ababini base-Iraq ngoFebruwari ka-2007, nangona babezama ukunikezela. Iyunithi yehelikopta yayifana neyabulala abantu abalishumi elinesibini kwaye yenzakalisa abantwana ababini kuhlaselo lukaJulayi 2007 olwathatyathwa kwividiyo yaza yavuza yiWikiLeaks ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka. Eli lixesha apho imikhosi yase-US yaqala ukuvula umlilo kolo hlaselo.
IJONI LASETHU 1: Yiba nabantu abanezixhobo.
IJONI LASETHU 2: Ucacile.
IJONI LASETHU 1: Kulungile, ukudubula.
IJONI LASETHU 3: Undazise xa sele uzifumene.
IJONI LASETHU 2: Masidubule. Khanyisa bonke.
IJONI LASETHU 1: Yiza, mlilo!
IJONI LASETHU 2: Gcina ukudubula '. Gcina ukudubula '. Gcina ukudubula '. Gcina ukudubula '.
IJONI LASETHU 4: Ihotele, Bushmaster ezimbini-ezintandathu, Bushmaster ezimbini-ezintandathu, kufuneka sihambe, ixesha ngoku!
IJONI LASETHU 2: Kulungile, sisandula ukubandakanya bonke abantu abasibhozo.
UAMY KUHLE: Ngaloo Julayi 12th, uhlaselo lwe-2007 nguye owabulala abasebenzi ababini beReuters: umdwebi wevidiyo uNamir Noor-Eldeen kunye nomqhubi u-Saeed Chmagh, uyise wabane. Ezi zigodo zikwabonisa ukuba imipu yase-US yabulala abantu abaninzi kwiintsuku nje ezine kamva. Ngomhla we-16 kaJulayi, i-2007, abantu abalishumi elinesine babikwa befile kuhlaselo lwase-US kwimpuma ye-Baghdad.
Amaxwebhu akwatyhila ukuba inkampani yabucala yasemkhosini iBlackwater ibulele abantu abaninzi baseIraq kunokuba bekunjalo ngaphambili. Kukho iingxelo zeziganeko zokudubula ezilishumi elinesine ezahlukeneyo ezibandakanya imikhosi yaseBlackwater, ekhokelela ekuswelekeni kwabemi abalishumi kunye nokwenzakala kwabanye abasixhenxe. Oko akubandakanyi imbubhiso yaseNisoor Square eyabulala abantu abalishumi elinesixhenxe. Inxalenye yesithathu yodubulo lwenzeka ngelixa imikhosi yaseBlackwater yayigada oonozakuzaku baseMelika.
Kubantu ababhubhileyo abangaphezu kwama-832 abarekhodwa kwiindawo zokuhlola phakathi kuka-2004 no-2009, kuqikelelwa ukuba abangama-681 yayingabemi. Ngokwe-Bureau of Investigative Journalism eLondon, iintsapho ezingamashumi amahlanu zagxothwa kwaze kwabulawa abantwana abangamashumi amathathu.
Ukubhengezwa kuphawula ukuvuza okukhulu kwimbali yase-US, ngaphezulu kakhulu kune-91,000 yeelogi zemfazwe yase-Afghanistan i-WikiLeaks ekhutshwe kweli hlobo. Amashumi asixhenxe anesithandathu amawaka kubo abawakhuphileyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. I-WikiLeaks ithi isacwangcisa ukukhulula amanye amaxwebhu emfazwe ase-Afghan e-15,000. Umhlalutyi wezobuntlola zomkhosi, uBradley Manning, usentolongweni ukusukela ngoMeyi, xa wayebanjelwe izityholo zokuvuza izinto eziyimfihlo.
Ulawulo luka-Obama luye lwakhalaza kwi-WikiLeaks ngokubhengezwa kwamva nje. Isithethi sePentagon uGeoff Morrell uthe iWikiLeaks ibeka emngciphekweni imikhosi yase-US.
GEOFF MORRELL: Eyona nto iphambili kukuba, imikhosi yethu isesichengeni kakhulu apha ngenxa yoku kubhencwa, ngenxa yokuba amaqhinga, ubuchule kunye neenkqubo zethu zibhentsisiwe kula maxwebhu, kwaye iintshaba zethu ngokungathandabuzekiyo ziza kuzama ukuzisebenzisa ngokuchasene nathi. , nokwenza imisebenzi yabo ibe nzima ngakumbi kwaye ibe yingozi.
UAMY KUHLE: Kulungile, ngakumbi, sidityaniswe ngoku kude kuphele iyure ziindwendwe ezintathu. Ukusuka eWashington, DC, uPratap Chatterjee, umfo omkhulu kwiZiko leNkcubeko yaseMelika, intatheli ephandayo ebhale kakhulu malunga neekontraka eziqeshwe kwimfazwe yehlabathi yobugrogrisi, ubhale iincwadi ezimbini ngalo mbandela: I-Iraq, Inc. kwaye Umkhosi waseHalliburton. Ubhale malunga nezigodo imfazwe ngenxa Guardian yaseLondon.
Apha eNew York, sidityaniswe nguNir Rosen, intatheli ezimeleyo ethe yabhala ngemfazwe yaseIraq ukusukela ngo-2003. Isiphumo: Emva kokuphalazwa kwegazi leeMfazwe zaseMelika kwilizwe lamaSilamsi.
Kwaye ukujoyina kwethu ukusuka eLondon nguDavid Leigh. Ungumhleli wophando Guardian iphephandaba laseLondon. Guardian yayiyenye yemithombo yeendaba enikwe iikopi eziphambili zelogi yemfazwe yase-Iraq kwaye ipapashe uthotho olubanzi kuyo website.
David Leigh, masiqale ngawe. Kutheni ungasiniki isishwankathelo sokuba lo mqulu wamaxwebhu aphantse abe yi-400,000 umele kwaye uthini nge-Iraq?
UDAVIDE LEIGH: Imele imathiriyeli ekrwada yembali. Kwaye yinto exabiseke kakhulu ukuba nayo, kuba, njengoko sisazi sonke, kule minyaka mithandathu okanye isixhenxe idlulileyo yohlaselo kunye nokuhlala kwe-Iraq, oku kukhatshwa ngendlela eqhelekileyo ngepropaganda, ngokujikeleza, ngoguqulelo lwe-sanitized. Olu luguqulelo olungavanishwanga. Kwaye, ewe, into eyenziwa yinguqulelo engabonakaliyo iqinisekisa oko abaninzi bethu babesaba kwaye yintoni intatheli ezininzi eziye zazama ukuyixela kwiminyaka edlulileyo, ukuba i-Iraq yaba ligazi, igazi lokwenyani lokubulala ngokungeyomfuneko, ukubulawa kwabantu, ukuhlushwa, kunye yabantu ababethwa bade bafe.
UAMY KUHLE: Ngaba unokwahlula amaxwebhu ngokweendidi ezahlukeneyo, njengoko _UmGcini wenzile, iindidi ezahlukeneyo zokubulala, zokuthuthunjiswa, zokuba ngubani owayebandakanyeka kwezi? Kwaye ngubani-aqale ngokuba ngubani owabhalayo. Cacisa ukuba zeziphi ezi zigodo zemfazwe.
UDAVIDE LEIGH: Ezi nkcukacha zemfazwe ziyimihla ngemihla kwaye, kwiimeko ezininzi, iingxelo zentsimi zeyure neyure ezivela kulwazi olusasazwa ngeeyunithi ezincinci ngaphandle kwentsimi. Bazicangca ngenene izehlo, isiganeko ngasinye. Kwaye ngamanye amaxesha uyakubona njengamashumi amabini okanye amashumi amathathu okanye amashumi amahlanu ngosuku olunye. Zonke ziqokelelwe kwindawo yogcino lwe-elektroniki, ndicinga ukuba mhlawumbi okokuqala. Le inokuba yeyokuqala-le kunye ne-Afghanistan ibiyeyokuqala emkhosini waseMelika apho olu hlobo logcino luye lwadityaniswa kwaye lwenziwa ukuba lufumaneke kwabanye abantu emkhosini wase-US, ewe, ukuba luvuze njani.
Oko ikuquletheyo ngokubaluleka ziindidi ezintathu ezahlukeneyo zemathiriyeli, ngengqiqo yokuba sasingekazazi ngokwenene ezi zinto ngaphambili. Okokuqala, ukuba ubuncinane i-15,000 yabemi abaninzi baye babulawa kwaye barekhodwa kwezi zigodo. Kukho abanye abantu abaninzi ababuleweyo abangabhalwanga apho, kunjalo. Kodwa oko kwandisa amanani. Kwaye amaqumrhu, amaqumrhu azimeleyo afana ne-Iraq Body Count, iqela labucala elizinze eLondon, licinezele elo 15,000 elongezelelweyo ngokungena kuwo onke la maxwebhu.
Into yesibini ebhalwe ngayo yiziganeko ezikhohlakeleyo apho imithetho yemfazwe, njengoko sasiyiqonda ngokuqhelekileyo, ibonakala ngathi ifunyenwe bubuchwepheshe, amandla omoya kunye nemfazwe ye-asymmetric. Ityala leklasiki apha yayiyehelikopta, inqwelomoya yeApache, eyathi kamva yadubula yabulala abasebenzi beReuters. Ichaza indlela amadoda asemhlabeni awayezama ngayo ukunikezela. Irediyo yabuyela kwisiseko ifuna iingcebiso, kwaye ngokungaqhelekanga, igqwetha elisisiseko lathi, "Awunakunikezela kwinqwelomoya. Hamba uye ubabulale." Ngoko yababulala.
UAMY KUHLE: Ndithetha ukuba, yinxalenye emangalisayo yebali.
UDAVIDE LEIGH: Umba wesithathuโ
UAMY KUHLE: Loo nxalenye yeli bali, uDavide, iyinxalenye emangalisayo yebali, yokuba la madoda aphakamisa izandla zawo kwinqwelomoya, kwinqwelo-ntaka. Kwaye kuzo zonke ezi meko, amajoni kwiinqwelomoya, abuyele kwisiseko. Abakhohlakali. Bafumana imvume, yaye igqwetha lathi, โAwunakunikezela kwinqwelo-ntaka,โ ngoko ke banokuqhubeka nokubabulala.
UDAVIDE LEIGH: Yiloo ngongoma kanye. Abasebenzi behelikopta ababonakali ngathi bebenokonwaba kwaphela. Babekhathazeke kakhulu. Baphinda bathi: "La madoda azama ukunikezela. Senza ntoni?" Kwaye baxelelwa ngaphezu kwesinye, "Abanako ukunikezela. Kufuneka uqhubeke ubabulale." Ngoko into esiyibonayo yimiyalelo evela kwinqanaba eliphezulu.
Kwaye loo nto idlala kwinkalo yesithathu entsha kula maxwebhu, nto leyo yokuba iinkcukacha ngokoqobo amakhulu amaxesha-ndicinga ukuba kukho ngaphezulu 900 izehlo oko bakuhlela njengokuphathwa gadalala amabanjwa abantu bathuthunjiswa. Kwaye ubukhulu becala bathuthunjiswa yimikhosi yokhuseleko yase-Iraq, kodwa imikhosi yase-United States imi ecaleni okanye, kwezinye iimeko, ijikise amabanjwa kubantu abaziyo ukuba baya kubangcungcuthekisa. Kwaye loo miyalelo ibonakala ivela kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Kwakhona, awujongi kwi-sadists ekhohlakeleyo kumkhosi wase-US; ujonge iiodolo.
UAMY KUHLE: Siza kuqhawula emva koko sibuyele kule ngxoxo. UDavid Leigh, umhleli wophando kwi Guardian. Guardian yenye yamaziko eendaba ukuba iikopi eziphambili amaxwebhu, got ukubona amaxwebhu, ukongeza Isibuko eJamani, iAl Jazeera, i ENew York Times, Le Monde eFransi. Yi le Intando yeninzi Ngoku!, democracynow.org, Ingxelo yeMfazwe noXolo. Siza kubuya ngomzuzu.
[ikhefu]
UAMY KUHLE: Njengoko sithetha malunga nokuvuza kwe-WikiLeaks, yiwebhusayithi ye-whistleblower WikiLeaks, ekhuphe elona nani likhulu lamaxwebhu avela ngaphakathi emkhosini kwimbali yase-US, kufutshane ne-400,000, iindwendwe zethu, uNir Rosen, intatheli ephandayo, umbhali wencwadi entsha. Isiphumo: Emva kokuphalazwa kwegazi leeMfazwe zaseMelika kwilizwe lamaSilamsi; I-Pratap Chatterjee evela kwiZiko leNkqubela yaseMelika, wenze uluhlu lwamaqhekeza Guardian iphephandaba, elinye lamaphepha awayebandakanyekile koku kuvuza, malunga nomkhosi wabucala wemfazwe; kunye noDavid Leigh, umhleli wophando kwi Guardian.
Umbuzo okhawulezayo ngaphambi kokuba sibuyele kwiikontraka, kwaye oku kuDavid Leigh. Ndiyazibuza ukuba idlale njani le nto eBritane. Ngelixa ifunyenwe kwiphepha eliphambili kwi ENew York Times, eyayibandakanyeka ekuvuzeni, ekuyibhaleni nasekubhaleni amanqaku ngayo, kunye Guardian kwaye Isibuko eJamani kunye Le Monde eFransi, kunye ne-Al Jazeera, ngokunjalo, kunye neChannel 4 eBritani, e-United States, uthungelwano lwentambo kunye nemiboniso yeentetho zangeCawa, ngokubanzi, ayikhankanyi kwaphela. Le yintetho yangeCawe ebonisa ukuba ithetha ngemiba ephambili yeveki kwaye ijonge ngakumbi kunyulo oluzayo. Phantse akukho kubhekiswa kwezi WikiLeaks, oku kuvuza kukhulu kwimbali yase-United States malunga nemfazwe. Idlalwa njani eLondon naseBritani, xa iyonke, uDavid Leigh?
UDAVIDE LEIGH: Kuyathakazelisa ukuyithetha loo nto, kuba kuvakala ngathi uninzi lwamajelo eendaba ase-US akwimo yokukhanyela oku. Idlalwe kakhulu eBritani. Icholwe ngawo onke amanye amajelo eendaba aseBritane. Kukho iinkqubo zeTV eziphuma ngokuhlwanje. Amaphephandaba angeCawa abhale amanqaku aphambili ngayo. Kwaye uSekela-Nkulumbuso u-Nick Clegg okunene wathi kwenye yemiboniso ye-TV yayizolo ukuba lo ngumba oxhalabisayo kangangokuba kufuneka kube nophando kuyo. Ngoko, kwinqanaba eliphezulu, abapolitiki baphendula apha.
Kwaye kugxilwe kuko konke kwinkxalabo kunye nexhala malunga nezi zityhilelo zentuthumbo, kuba ukuba kukho into enye ebuhlungu ehlala ikrweleka kunye nabemi baseYurophu, kubonakala ngathi singene kwinkqubo yokubandakanyeka ekuthuthunjisweni, nto leyo. ichasene nayo yonke into esiyicinga njengempucuko yaseNtshona kwaye, ngokwenene, umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe.
UAMY KUHLE: Inika umdla kakhulu into ethethwe nguNick Clegg, ebiza ukuba kuphandwe ngamabango entuthumbo. Kodwa uPratap Chatterjee, ndifuna ukukufundela inxalenye ye ENew York Times' ukugubungela indima yeekontraka e-Iraq. Babhala, becaphula, "Iikhontrakthi zihlala zidubula ngocalucalulo oluncinci-kwaye zimbalwa ukuba zikho iziphumo-kubemi baseIraq abangaxhobanga, imikhosi yokhuseleko yase-Iraq, imikhosi yaseMelika kunye nezinye iikontraka. [โฆ]
"Isiphithiphithi senzeke malunga ne-Iraq, ngokukodwa kwisiganeko esichazwe ngo-Matshi 2005 apho kwaqhambuka idabi elincinane elibandakanya iinkampani ezintathu zokhuseleko ezahlukeneyo.
"Kwindawo yokuhlola eyingozi kwindlela enkulu eya kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya saseBaghdad, ilori yesamente yangena kwindlela ebigcinelwe iimoto zeSebe lezoKhuselo. Umlindi weGlobal, inkampani yaseBritane, wadubula isilumkiso, kwaye xa indoda yachazwa njengendoda ekuqaleni. U-Iraqi wavula ucango wazama ukubaleka, oonogada be-tower baqala ukudubula, nabo. I-DynCorp International, inkampani yokhuseleko yaseMelika.
"Xa umqhubi welori wabuzwayo ekugqibeleni, kwavela ukuba wayengumFilipino ogama linguJosรฉ owayesebenza nenkampani yesithathu, i-KBR, i-American Logistics kunye ne-Security giant."
Pratap Chatterjee, yithathe apho.
PRATAP CHATTERJEE: Ewe, Amy, ndiyathetha, ndicinga ukuba oko kubonisayo sisidubedube. Kwaye eneneni, ibali likaJim Glanz, ndicinga ukuba isihloko sibonisa ukuba, kwaye, akukho mithetho. Kwaye nabani na owayelapho, nabani na oye wazifunda iingxelo ukususela ngelo xesha, uya kuqonda ukuba la madoda ayesebenza enxibe iimpahla zasekuhlaleni. Babehamba rhoqo ngeemoto ezingaphawulwanga. Ayexhobe kakhulu, ngokungathandabuzekiyo. Kodwa awukwazanga ukuxelela, ukucaphula-ukucaphula, "umhlobo" ukusuka "kutshaba." Ndithetha ukuba, bathetha ngabavukeli, uyazi, ukuba banxibe iimpahla zasekuhlaleni, kodwa yayiyinyani loo nto nakwiikontraka.
Eso siganeko usichazayo sinomdla kakhulu kwinto yokuba abantu abahlaselwa ngokwenene ngumsebenzi weDynCorp, endicinga ukuba eneneni wayengum-Iraqi, ummi wasekhaya, nangona wayesebenzela inkampani yaseMelika. Omnye umntu obandakanyekayo ngummi kwiiPhilippines. Ke nantsi, uyazi, olu hlobo lwemeko ingaqhelekanga, endiye ndajongana nayo nam. Xa ndisihla ngendlela eya kwindawo yokuhlola eMerika, kuba ndingengomlunguโndingowaseMzantsi Asiaโkwakufuneka ndoyikele ubomi bam. Kwafuneka ndiqalise ukuthetha ngokukhawuleza ngesiNgesi, kuba ndandifuna abantu baqonde oko, uyazi, ndandiyintatheli, kuba ndandisazi ukuba aba bantu banako-bobabini amajoni kunye neekontraki banokudubula ukuba bacinga ukuba ndingumIraq. . Kwaye amaxesha amaninzi, uyazi, babengenalo nofifi ngomahluko phakathi kwesizwe esinye kunye nesilandelayo. Kwaye oko akubaniki i-blanche yekhadi ukubulala abantu balo naluphi na uhlanga, kodwa into endizama ukuyibonisa kukuba bekukho ukubhideka okukhulu. Babebaninzi abantu abangenamithetho ebalawulayo.
Ndiza kukunika umzekelo womntu endimaziyo owayesebenzela inkampani ebizwa ngokuba yiCuster Battles. I-Custer Battles idume ngokugqithiswa kwayo kwempahla, kwaye yaziswa enkundleni apha kwindawo yaseWashington, DC. Kodwa iCuster Battles yayinendoda emsebenzi wayo yayikukuthenga imipu kwimarike emnyama. Kwaye wandichazela ukuba uya kuphuma njani ngaphandle, uyazi, enxibe iimpahla zasekhaya, athenge imipu emnyama yemarike kwaye ayibonelele. Ngoku sifumanise ukuba ezinye iinkampani, ezifana neBlackwater, zenze kwaloo nto inye. Ngoko kwakungekho mithetho. Kwakukhoโuthenge imipu kubalwi. Ubahlawule. Kwaye ke wazisebenzisa ngokuchasene nabantu. Yayisisiphithiphithi, xa singatsho nje. Kwaye ndicinga ukuba ulawulo lukaBush kufuneka luthathe uxanduva oluninzi lwento oluyenzileyo. Kwaye ndiyathemba ukuba, njengoNick Clegg, ulawulo luka-Obama luya kuqala ukuphanda oku kuphulwa okucacileyo komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe kunye nomthetho wase-Iraq kunye nomthetho wase-US.
UAMY KUHLE: Nir Rosen, wena, njengoPratap, unokubhidaniswa nokuba ungengowase-United States. Uye wahlangabezana njani nale nto?
U-NIR ROSEN: Ndandiye ndikhwaze ndisithi ndingumMelika ngokukhwaza kangangoko ndinako. Kwaye ndiye ndaneminxeba embalwa ekufutshane. Ndiyakwazi nokuqinisekisa ukuba ii-Iraqis-iinkampani zaseMelika kunye ne-Iraqi zabucala zokhuseleko ziya kuthenga ezininzi izixhobo zabo kwimarike emnyama. Ndiyazi-bendimazi umfana wenye yezi nkampani, kwaye wayeza kuthenga izixhobo zakhe kwisiXeko saseSadr. Kwaye uninzi lwabahlobo bam kwiinkampani zokhuseleko zabucala ziya kuchaza ngeziganeko ezahlukeneyo endleleni endiqinisekileyo ukuba azizange zingene kwi-WikiLeaks trove. Uqhuba usuka eMosul ubuyela eBaghdad, kwaye ubona isithuthi esikrokrisayo, kwaye mhlawumbi kukho umntu okudubulayo, uvule umlilo, kwaye abantu obabulalayo ababhalwanga ndawo. Kwaye oku kwakusenzeka-ukuba ucinga malunga nenani lee-convoys ezikhuselwa ziinkampani zokhuseleko imihla ngemihla kwi-'05 kunye ne-'06 kunye nendlela i-Iraq enobundlobongela ngayo, imihla ngemihla ubuneziganeko kwilizwe lonke leenkampani zokhuseleko zabucala ezibandakanya. abemi kunye namajoni abandakanyekayo.
Kwaye, ewe, indlela yokuziphatha esiyigxekayo, iinkampani zokhuseleko zabucala zivulela umlilo ebantwini kwaye zisebenza ngokungohlwaywa, ayahlukanga kwindlela yokuziphatha yasemkhosini waseMelika. Aba ngabasebenzi basemkhosini baseMelika, amajoni kunye namagosa ubukhulu becala. Kwaye akufani nokuba umkhosi waseMelika wawuzibandakanya kulo naluphi na uhlobo lokuziphatha. Kodwa bekukho ukuphucuka kancinci kancinci, mhlawumbi, kodwa nangexesha lotyando, apho bekufanele ukuba sikhusela abantu, bekukho ukwanda kwabantu ababulawa ngabantu baseMelika, njengoko ingxelo yeWikiLeaks. Ke ngamanye amaxesha ndiyathandabuza ukwahlula phakathi kokuziphatha kweenkampani zokhuseleko zabucala kunye nomkhosi waseMelika, kuba, kum, ndicinga ukuba ama-Iraqi abandezeleka ngokulinganayo kuzo zombini.
UAMY KUHLE: Bendifuna ukuphinda ndibuyele kulaa sicatshulwa sasiyidlalile ekuqaleni kwalo mdlalo, uManfred Nowak, weZizwe eziManyeneyo, nomemelela ukuba kwenziwe uphando oluthe kratya, ingakumbi kumkhosi waseMelika, umphandi oyintloko we-UN ngentuthumbo efuna uphando olupheleleyo. ngendima yemikhosi yase-US kunyhasho lwamalungelo oluntu. Umnxeba kaManfred Nowak uze emva kokuba iwebhusayithi ikhuphe kufutshane ne-400,000 yamaxwebhu omkhosi wase-US achaza indlela imikhosi yaseMelika engenzanga nto ngayo ukunqanda iingxelo zokuxhatshazwa, ukungcungcuthekiswa, ukudlwengulwa kunye nokubulawa ngamapolisa kunye namajoni ase-Iraq. Ukongeza, iilog zemfazwe zeWikiLeaks zibonisa ubuncinci be-15,000 abantu abaninzi abaswelekileyo, njengoko besitshilo. Kwizitrato zaseBaghdad, abahlali balapha bathi amaxwebhu avuzayo aqinisekisa into abayaziyo iminyaka.
Impendulo e-United States yayihluke kakhulu, kwaye ndandifuna ukubuyela kuDavid Leigh ngenxa yale nto, nto leyo ingcinezelo enkulu kuJulian Assange kunye ne-WikiLeaks, esithi unegazi ezandleni zakhe, ukuba kwixesha elidlulileyo wakhupha amaxwebhu ayengekho. yenziwe ngokutsha. Kwaye okwangoku, i-AP yafumana i-memo yangaphakathi ye-Pentagon eyathi kwi-trove yokugqibela yamaxwebhu angama-76,000 akhutshiweyo, ukuba akukho mithombo ephazamisekile, uDavid Leigh. Ithini impendulo yakho kuyo yonke le nto, ukuba yonke le nto uyilo yile WikiLeaks-kwaye ke, ndiyacinga, ngokwandisa, nangona bengatsho, Guardian kwaye i ENew York Timesโ ngaba ubeka abantu engozini?
UDAVIDE LEIGH: Ewe, luhlobo lwehlaya lokugula ukuthetha malunga neWikiLeaks mhlawumbi inegazi ezandleni zabo, kuba, njengoko ubutshilo, uhlalutyo lwePentagon yayikukuba abanalo igazi ezandleni zabo kwaye akukho mntu uye wafumana impindezelo. isiphumo sento abayenzileyo. Kwaye baye benza kwakhona e-Afghanistan, kwaye baye bahlengahlengisa ngeli xesha. Nangona, kakade, abantu abenza ezi zityholo, ezi njengele, zineegaloni neegaloni zegazi lokwenene ezandleni zabo. Kwaye la maxwebhu achaza indlela abaye banoxanduva lokufa kwamakhulu abantu abamsulwa, umzekelo. Ngoko, ngubani onegazi ezandleni zabo?
UAMY KUHLE: Pratap Chatterjee, nawe ubhala malunga Drones. Thetha ngento oyifumeneyo.
PRATAP CHATTERJEE: Amy, oku malunga neqela elibizwa ngokuba yi-Task Force Odin. Odin ngokwenene iNorse-enye yezithixo zaseNorse zemfazwe nokufa. Udumile kuba uneliso elinye. I-Odin nayo-yayiyigama lombutho osebenzayo owamiselwa ngo-Agasti ka-2006 nguGeneral Richard Cody. Kwaye kwiqela lakhe lomsebenzi, limele "Jonga, Khangela, Chonga kwaye ungathathi hlangothi." Into abayenzayo kukuba basebenzise ezi drones zenziwe yiGeneral Atomics ebizwa ngokuba yiQhawe leAlpha drones. Bawathumela ukuba aye kujonga amadoda ekucingelwa ukuba atyala iibhombu ukuze ahlasele imikhosi yaseMelika. Ezi drones zaye zalandelwa yinqwelomoya ye-C-12 iCessna, rhoqo kunye nabahlalutyi kunye namaqela ezixhobo zasemoyeni ezinokubiza kwi-Hellfire missile strikes. Kwaye umkhosi waseMelika ekuqaleni wawuvuya kakhulu ngale ndlela. Babevakalelwa kukuba le yayiyindlela eya phambili.
Kwaye ngokukodwa, enye indawo ebhalwe kakuhle kumaxwebhu e-WikiLeaks kwidabi leenyanga ezintandathu kwiphondo laseDiyala, ngokukodwa malunga ne-Baqubah, apho amajoni athatha i-Baqubah, i-capital yase-Diyala, kwaye wazama ukuvakalisa i-Islamic state of Iraq. . Ke iQhawe leAlpha drones kunye neTask Force u-Odin wabizwa-bakwazi ukujonga kwaye bafowunela ugwayimbo kwaye babulala abantu abaninzi. Kwaye kukho inkitha yabantu ekubhalwe ukuba babulewe kula maxwebhu eWikiLeaks. Kwaye le nto uCody wayibuyisela e-US waza wathi, "Siphumelele. Asinako nje ukuba sibagcine, njengothixo wamaGrike u-Odin, owayefanele ukuba abe nolwazi lonke, sinokutshabalalisa. " Ngoku, eneneni, enyanisweni, le mfazwe isikelwe umda. Kuya kufuneka ujonge umntu obeka ibhombu ngaphambi kokuba wenze nantoni na ngayo. Ayikuncedi ncam xa abantu bengena bephuma ezindlini, ube ungayazi ncam into abayenzayo. Unako kwakhona, eneneni, ukubulala abantu abangalunganga, kuba ujonge ngokulula phezulu esibhakabhakeni.
Kwaye ndicinga ukuba lelinye lawona maxwebhu anika umdla alapha malunga nento ebizwa ngokuba yi-Operation Seventh Veil. I-Operation Seven Veil liphulo lokusiphula neengcambu urhwaphilizo kwaye, ngakumbi, ukukhangela abathubelezi bezixhobo ngokungekho mthethweni. Kwaye kutshanje, kunyaka odlulileyo, Septemba 2009 kunye no-Okthobha ka-2009, i-Operation Seventh Veil yayinikwe umsebenzi wokukhangela abathubeleli bezixhobo ngaphaya komda waseSiriya. Ke bathumela iidrones, bathumela abahlalutyi, kwaye bafaka inani leengxelo. Kwaye unokuhamba ngeengxelo kwi-WikiLeaks, kwaye uya kufumanisa ukuba malunga neepesenti ze-50 zeziganeko, babuya bathi "ayisebenzi." Kwaye ngalo lonke ixesha befaka ingxelo-kukho ezinye izehlo ezihlekisayo apho bathi-uyazi, babajonga aba bantu, kwaye behla ukuze bajongisise, bathumela imikhosi yasemhlabeni, kwaye bafumana ezi. abantu ngabalusi nemihlambi yabo. Bafumanisa ukuba bangabathubeleli becuba. Uyazi, enye indodaโingakumbi iyamangalisa ukuba le ndoda, xa babeyibamba, ngoncedo lwamapolisa omda wase-Iraqi, yathi yenza i-$ 20 ngosuku kwaye yayisenza loo nto iminyaka. Wayengenayo imipu, yaye abazange bakwazi ukujongaโukufumana nabathuthi bezixhobo ngokungekho mthethweni.
Uninzi lwabantu, ngakumbi ePakistan, babonakala becinga ukuba ukusetyenziswa kweedrones kukukwazi ukukhomba nokubulala, uyazi, iithagethi ezithile zexabiso eliphezulu. Enyanisweni, njengoko siye safumanisa kutshanjeโkukho isiseko apha eWashington esibizwa ngokuba yiNew America. Baye benza uphando olusandul 'ukuchazwa apho iikota ezintathu zabantu abaye bavotela kwi-FATA, kwimimandla yezizwe ezisenyakatho yePakistan, bathi bavakalelwa kukuba ukuhlaselwa-bavakalelwa kukuba iMelika izama ukutshabalalisa ubuSilamsi. Bayakuchasa uhlaselo lwedrone. Kwaye i-60 pesenti yabo yathi kulungile ukuhlasela abantu baseMelika.
Ndicinga ukuba, okokuqala, iidrones zibiza imali eninzi kakhulu. Yimali ezizigidi ezi-3 zeerandi nganye kwezi Alphas. Emva koko kukho lonke ixesha elibandakanyekayo. Kwaye eyona nyani, ekupheleni kosuku, yokuba idatha yabo, uhlobo lwabo lobukrelekrele be-elektroniki luhlwempuzekileyo, ndicinga ukuba, uyazi, isixa esikhulu sokuba, nakwizangqa zoMkhosi kunye nezobukrelekrele, oko ngokwenene. ekuphela kwendlela onokuthi ngayo-ukuba uyakholelwa kolu hlobo lwemfazwe, ekuphela kwendlela onokulufumana ngayo olu lwazi kungobukrelekrele bomntu okanye, njengoMichael Steele, ophethe ubukrelekrele e-Iraq, bubukrelekrele bomthombo ovulekileyo, ngokusebenzisa iintatheli, eneneni, kaninzi abasemhlabeni nabadibana nabantu. Uninzi lwezinto ezivela kwiidrones azisebenzi. Yinto enye, njengoko watshoyo omnye jikelele, ukuhlasela, uyazi, isiqhamo esijingayo, ukufumana isibini samadoda atyala ibhombu aze awahlasele. Kwaye nokuba, uyazi, ndiyacinga, abunabungqina bokuba la madoda ayenze ngokuthanda kwawo. Kufuneka ungene ngokwenene kwaye ukwazi ukuzama abantu. Ndiyathetha, kukho, ndicinga-umbono we habeas corpus ayikho.
UAMY KUHLE: Pratap, siza ekupheleni kosasazo. Sifikelela esiphelweni sosasazo, ke ndifuna ukubuza uDavid Leigh, enye yopapasho oluphambili olusebenze ngala maxwebhu, uyaphi ukusuka apha? Ndiyazi ukuba uJulian Assange uthe amaxwebhu angama-15,000 angaphezulu aya kukhutshwa e-Afghanistan kungekudala. Sinemizuzwana elishumi.
UDAVIDE LEIGH: Ayininzi kangako amaxwebhu amatsha e-Afghanistan onokuthi uwajonge njengombuzo wokuba kuza kwenzeka ntoni kumawaka kunye namawaka eentambo zozakuzo zeSebe leSizwe laseMelika, uBradley Manning, ijoni lase-US, naye abekwe ityala lokuvuza. Bangadala ingxaki yezozakuzo kwihlabathi liphela ukuba bavele, kwaye andiqinisekanga ukuba iWikiLeaks iza kuzikhupha ezo.
UAMY KUHLE: David Leigh, Ndifuna ukubulela ngokuba kunye nathi ukusuka Guardian; UNir Rosen, umbhali we-ke, incwadi yakhe yamva nje Emva; kunye nePratap Chatterjee kunye neZiko leNkqubela yaseMelika. Siza kuqhagamshela kuzo zonke iingxelo zakho kwiwebhusayithi yethu, idemocracynow.org.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela