Asingomdlalo; indoda eya kuchophela ingqungquthela yemozulu ezayo, COP28 (eya kwenzeka ngo IDubai, iUnited Arab Emirates (UAE), ukususela ngoNovemba 30 ukuya kuDisemba 12), nguye umlawuli oyintloko we-oyile ye Abu Dhabi National ioyile Inkampani (ADNOC), i yesithathu esikhulu Inkampani yeoli kwi-Peninsula yaseArabia: USultan Ahmed Al Jaber, okwanguMphathiswa weShishini kunye neTekhnoloji ePhakamileyo eUnited Arab Emirates.
Imibutho kunye abenzi bomthetho, kuquka neqela le I-133 yamalungu e-US kunye nabenzi bomthetho be-European Union ejongene nomonakalo wokusingqongileyo, ukutshintsha kwemozulu, kunye amalungelo abantu Abathetheleli, baye balugxeka ungquzulwano lwemidla olukhoyo ekubeni intloko yenkampani yeoli ichophele ingqungquthela enkulu yamazwe ngamazwe yokutshintsha kwemozulu ejolise ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwamafutha efosili. Ngeli xesha, ngo-2022, ADNOC umemezele cwangciso ukomba olutsha, olunokuthi, ukuba luyenzeka, lumele ukwanda kwesibini ngobukhulu kwemveliso yeoli nerhasi kwihlabathi jikelele.
I-Socotra Archipelago
Iziqithi zeSocotra kwiRiphabhlikhi yaseYemen zineziqithi ezine (iSocotra, iAbd al-Kuri, iDarsa, kunye neSamha) kunye neziqithi ezimbini zamatye. Imi kumgama oziikhilomitha ezingama-200 ukusuka kunxweme lwelizwe laseYemen, ime ngokufanelekileyo kuLwandle lwaseArabia, indawo ekumntla-ntshona woLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya, nakwimpuma yeGophe laseAden noLwandle oluBomvuโamanzi amabini adibanisa uLwandle lweMeditera noLwandle lweMeditera. UMzantsi Asia kunye neMpuma Ekude. Ngaloo ndlela, ikwindlela ebalulekileyo yaselwandle eyenza urhwebo phakathi kweMpuma neNtshona luphumelele ngokwezoqoqosho. Kuqikelelwa 20,000 iinqanawa zidlula eSocotra minyaka le, zithwele isi-9 ekhulwini seoli yehlabathi.
Isiqithi saseSocotra, esona siqithi sikhulu, simele ngeenxa zonke 95 ekhulwini kumhlaba weziqithi zeSocotra. Amashumi amathathu anesixhenxe ekhulwini kwizityalo zayo ezingama-825 zizalelwa esiqithini. I-Socotra ikwabamba ngaphezulu 190 iintlobo zeentaka, kunye neepesenti ezingama-90 iintlobo zayo ezirhubuluzayo zikho kwichwebakazi. Amashumi alithoba anesihlanu ekhulwini iintlobo zayo zenkumba zomhlaba zifumaneka kuphela kwichwebakazi. Ubomi bayo baselwandle obahlukeneyo bubandakanya Ngama-253 ee-corals ezakha i-reef kunye ne-730 yeentlobo zeentlanzi zaselunxwemeni. Abemi abangabantu beli chwebakazi, abahlala ikakhulu kwiziqithi zaseSocotra naseAbdul al-Kuri, baphila ubomi obulula, kuxhomekeke ikakhulu ekwaluseni okanye ekulobeni ukuze baziphilise.
Zonke iindawo zamacandelo eSocotra zinikezelwe ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo olusemthethweni nguUNESCO. Yaziwa njengenye yehlabathi iziqithi ezintlanu ezininzi zezinto eziphilayo kunye Ixabiso eliBalaseleyo kwiHlabathi liphela ngenxa yayo iintyatyambo kunye nezilwanyana ezizodwa. Kwi-2008, i-Socotra yonyulwa njengendawo ye-UNESCO yeLifa leMveli yeHlabathi.
Ukusebenza ngokungekho mthethweni kunye nokuxhaphaza ngokugqithisileyo
Ngo-2015, izitshingitshane ezimbini zabetha iSocotra, zabangela umonakalo omkhulu ebantwini, bendalo, kunye neziseko ezingundoqo, kwaye zibonisa ukuba sesichengeni se-archipelago kukutshintsha kwemozulu. I-UAE yathumela uncedo loluntu eSocotra, kulungisiwe izikolo, izibhedlele, izindlu, iindlela, kunye neenkqubo zamanzi, kunye nokumisela amaziko ezempilo.
IKomiti yeLifa leMveli yeHlabathi (i-WHC) ivakalise nkxalabo malunga nomonakalo obangelwe zizivunguvungu kunye nokulungiswa okufuneka kwenziwe kwaye kwacela i-Yemen yoKhuseleko lweNdawo yokuSingqongileyo (EPA) ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukulungiswa kuthobela IZikhokelo zokuSebenza zeLifa leMveli, uthungelwano lwendlela alunakwandiswa, kwaye ukubuyiselwa kwe-seaport eyonakeleyo kukhawulelwe kwimeko yayo yangaphambili.
Ekuqaleni, abahlali baseSocotra baluxabisa uncedo lweUAE. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuthe ngcembe, baqala ukubona ukuba i-UAE, ilungu eliphambili kumlo womanyano okhokelwa yi-Saudi eYemen, yayisandisa ubukho bayo emkhosini eSocotra. Amagosa e-UAE aqala ukutyelela isiqithi rhoqo. Iinqwelomoya zempahla zomkhosi fikile ngamatanki, izithuthi ezixhobileyo, nemikhosi, nangona iSocotra yayingabandakanyekanga emfazweni.
I-UAE ngokunjalo yandise isikhululo seenqwelomoya sesiqithi kuphela kwidolophu elikomkhulu, iHadibo, yakha iziseko zomkhosi kunye neenkampu kwaye yafaka ezininzi. iinqaba zonxibelelwano kunye neenkqubo ezimbini zobukrelekrele bomqondiso (SIGINT). Le misebenzi iphula ulongamo lwaseYemeni phantsi komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe kunye neNgqungquthela yeLifa leMveli yeHlabathi ye-1972.
Kwaye kwacaca ukuba i-UAE yayiqinisa ulawulo lwayo e-Socotra ngokusebenzisa i-proxy yayo, i-Southern Transitional Council (STC). Iqela le-secessionist lifuna ukuzimela kweerhuluneli ezisemazantsi ukusuka emantla, i-STC ixhaswa ngemali kwaye ixhaswa ngezomkhosi yi-UAE. Intloko ye-STC, uAidarous Al Zubaidi, uhlala e-Abu Dhabi.
Abasemagunyeni e-UAE bagxothe irhuluneli yaseSocotra kunye nosihlalo we-EPA, endaweni yabo ngabantu abathembekileyo kwi-Emirates. Bathathe indawo yamajoni aseYemeni agada isikhululo seenqwelomoya kunye nezibuko kunye namajoni e-UAE, banikezela ummeli we-UAE kwisiqithi, kwaye. endaweni Iiflegi ze-UAE kunye nezo zeRiphabhlikhi yaseYemen. Ngo-2019, urhulumente wase-US wathumela imikhosi ukuba ifake i-a Inkqubo ye-missile ye-Patriot kwi Socotra ngesicelo se-UAE.
Umnqweno we-UAE ekusebenzeni kwe-Socotra kukulawula iindlela ezisingqongileyo zobuchule bokuhamba ngenqanawa, ukuseka ihabhu yobuntlola, kunye nokuphuhlisa ishishini lokhenketho kwisiqithi.
I-UAE iye yachitha ngendlela emangalisayo indlela yokuphila yabemi beziqithi. Umzekelo, kwisiqithi sase-Abd al-Kuri, abahlali abahlala esiqithini bagxothwa ngenkani ngo-2022 ukuze baseke. isiseko somkhosi we-UAEโukwaphulwa komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe wobuntu kunye ulwaphulo-mthetho emfazweni. E-Socotra, enabemi 60,000, i-UAE ikhuthaze abahlali ukuba bathengise amakhaya abo, ithembisa abaniniyo ukuhlala kunye neemvume zokusebenza kwi-UAE, kunye nomgangatho wobomi obungcono.
Umtyeleli onqwenela ukungaziwa ngenxa yeenkxalabo zokhuseleko kwaye oqhelene ne-Socotra uchaze ukuba abahlali bayothuswa ngabahlali bamanye amazwe abaphazamisa ilifa labo lendalo kunye nomkhosi wesiqithi. Abemi baseHadibo badumbile ngenxa yokuthontelana kwababaleki baseYemeni ababaleka imfazwe kwaye ngenxa yabasebenzi baseIndiya nabasePakistan abaziswe yi-UAE ukuba basebenze kwiiprojekthi zabo zokwakha. I-Hadibo ngokwayo iye yatshintshwa ngokwakhiwa kwekhonkrithi kunye nezakhiwo zesamente ngaphandle kokuqwalaselwa kweendlela zokwakha zendabuko kwaye ngaphandle kweziseko eziyimfuneko zokuxhasa abantu abakhulayo, njengokulawula inkunkuma eyaneleyo.
Abahlali rhoqo bonisa ngokuchasene ne-UAE umsebenzi. Uninzi lwabo luvalelwe entolongweni "amaziko ogcino angekho mthethweniโ eqhutywa yi-UAE kwisiqithi. Baye bafaka nezikhalazo kunye norhulumente waseYemeni, ekuthinjweni e-Riyadh, malunga nokuphangwa kwe-UAE kunye nokutshabalalisa izixhobo zendalo zesiqithi, ngakumbi ukuncothula izityalo ezinqabileyo kunye nemithi, ukubamba iintaka ezinqabileyo ukuba zithunyelwe ngaphandle kwaye zithengiswe kwi-UAE, kunye nokususa amatye amandulo kwi-UAE. iindawo zakudala kunye neendawo zokuhlala.
Ukuphendula, imikhosi yaseSaudi yafika eSocotra ngo-2018 ukuze inciphise ubundlongondlongo be-UAE. Njenge-UAE, abazange bazinanze iziKhokelo zokuSebenza zeLifa leMveli, bakha inqaba yabo yokunxibelelana ngomnxeba kunye nesiseko somkhosi kunye nokuguqula iofisi ye-EPA ukuba ibe. ikomkhulu labo. Iingxabano malunga neSocotra zihlala ziphakathi Amaqabane omanyano akhokelwa yiSaudi.
UkuKhawulezisa ukuTshintsha kweMozulu kunye noKutshabalalisa iZilwanyana ezahlukahlukeneyo
Ukutshatyalaliswa kokusingqongileyo kubandakanya iinkqubo ezimbini ezidibeneyo: utshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwezinto eziphilayo, ezomelezana. Ukutshintsha kwemozulu ayingomqhubi okhokelayo welahleko yeentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo; kukuxhatshazwa kwabantu ngokugqithiseleyo kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwendawo yokuhlala. Ukukhusela iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunceda ukukhusela utshintsho lwemozulu. Kwimeko ye-United Arab Emirates, amatsha-ntliziyo, amapalamente, kunye noonondaba baye baqaqambisa utshintsho lwemozulu ngelixa betyeshela ilahleko yezinto eziphilayo.
Njengoko kuphawuliwe, i-UAE inoxanduva lokutshabalalisa i-biodiversity ye-UNESCO World Heritage Site: i-Socotra archipelago.
I-UAE ithi imisebenzi yayo ibandakanya iiprojekthi zophuhliso lwexesha elide, ngokukodwa phantsi kweKhalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Foundation; nangona kunjalo, ezi zenzo zophula ubume bezomthetho bezizwe ngezizwe be-Socotra njengeNdawo yeLifa leMveli yeHlabathi kunye nesicwangciso sayo sogcino lwezowuni. Umhlathi 98 weZikhokelo zokuSebenza zokuPhunyezwa kweNgqungquthela yeLifa leMveli yeHlabathi Ithi: โAmanyathelo owiso-mthetho nawolawulo kumanqanaba kazwelonke nawengingqi kufuneka aqinisekise ukukhuselwa kwepropati kuxinzelelo lwentlalo, ezoqoqosho, nolunye uxinzelelo okanye utshintsho olunokuthi lube nefuthe elibi kwiXabiso eliBesekileyo kwiHlabathi liphela, kubandakanywa imfezeko kunye/okanye ukunyaniseka kwepropati.โ
Ngaphezu koko, le misebenzi, enjengokwanda kokutshiswa kwamafutha efosili ukuze kubonelelwe ngombane wokukhanyisa, izixhobo zombane, neyokupholisa umoya kwizakhiwo ezitsha zomkhosi, ezokuhlala nezorhwebo, ikhawulezisa ukuba sesichengeni kweSocotra kutshintsho lwemozulu.
Ukuncothula imithi kukhupha ikharbon diokside eyigcinayo. Inani elandayo leemoto, iilori, iinqanawa, kunye neenqwelomoya eziphuma kwi-UAE yokutyhala ukuxhaphaza isiqithi ngokurhweba kubangela ukukhutshwa kwegesi eluhlaza, ngakumbi ikharbon diokside.
Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kwi-archipelago sele kubonakaliswe kwii-cyclones, ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu aphakathi, imbalela ekhulayo yokunqongophala kwamanzi, ukuncothula imithi enqabileyo, kunye nokunciphisa imveliso yezityalo kubantu kunye nezilwanyana, zonke ezo zinto i-UAE iyandisa.
Ngokufanayo, imisebenzi ye-UAE ibeka emngciphekweni intlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo zaselwandle ecaleni konxweme kunye nolwandle olujikelezileyo lweziqithi. Amatye e-coral e-oval ukusuka elunxwemeni kunye ne-granite ebomvu evela kwii-wadis (iintlambo) zisetyenziselwa ukwakha iindonga ezijikeleze iindawo ezithengiweyo kunxweme ngabatyali-mali abavela kwi-Gulf states, ngokutsho komhlali. Ezo zenzo azisihoyi isicwangciso sezowuni solondolozo, yonakalisa inkangeleko yomhlaba, kwaye zisongele ukhukuliseko lomhlaba kumanxweme nakwiiwadi ngexesha lemvula.
Ngokudelela ukucaciswa kwe-WHC, i-UAE yandise izibuko laseHadibo ukuze ifumane iinqanawa zemfazwe ezisa iingalo esiqithini kunye. ukulobela ukurhweba nqanawa ukulayisha izixa ezikhulu zokubambisa ezithengiswa kumazwe ngamazwe kwaye zithengiswe njengeentlanzi ezivela kwi-UAE. Kwangaxeshanye, abasemagunyeni e-UAE bathintele abalobi bendawo ekulobeni kufutshane nezibuko, babavimba indlela yokuziphilisa.
Abahlali baye bangenisa izityalo kumazwe angaphandle, ezihlala zithwala iintlobo ezihlaselayo zamanye amazwe kwaye zisebenzisa izibulali-zinambuzane nangona kunjalo Izilumkiso zeWHC ukuba izenzo ezinjalo zisongela indalo ephilayo yaseSocotra. Ngokutsho kweSocotra UN Zoning Plan, 2000, iSiqendu 10: โUkungenisa imbewu, izithole, izibulali-zinambuzane, okanye izichumiso kwiziqithi zaseSocotra akuvumelekanga ngaphandle kokuba amagunya anembopheleleko enze uhlolisiso oluyimfuneko aze akhuphe iimvume ngentsebenziswano nebhunga.โ
I-UAE ikwangumhlaba wobulldozing kukhenketho, ukuthengisa iSocotra njengendawo yeholide yohambo lwabakhenkethi kwii-visa. ikhutshiwe yi-UAE ngelixa uququzelela iinqwelomoya ezivela e-Abu Dhabi.
Ayingomdlalo
I-UAE itshabalalisa enye yezona ziqithi zendalo ezahlukahlukeneyo kwihlabathi kwaye ikhawulezisa utshintsho lwemozulu. Nangona kunjalo, lilizwe elinoxanduva lokusingatha i-UN COP28, kunye nesigqeba se-oyile esiphezulu esongamela ingqungquthela yemozulu.
Iinkokeli zehlabathi kunye ne-UN zijonge ngenye indlela, zivumela i-UAE ukuba ilandele ukunyhashwa kwamazwe ngamazwe ngokungohlwaywa. Abantu abalwela imozulu nemibutho yokusingqongileyo abayihoyi intlekele engxamisekileyo yezinto ezahlukahlukeneyo kuba bagxile kakhulu ekukhutshweni kwepetroli.
Ngokufanayo, imithombo yeendaba eqhelekileyo ayiboni sinyanzeliso sokuxela ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-UAE kwiSiza seLifa leMveli leHlabathi le-UNESCO.
Izele yimpikiswano, iCOP28 ikwisiphambuka sendlela; inokubuyisela ukuthembeka kwayo ngokuveza ukunyhashwa kokusingqongileyo okuphambili, okufana noko kwe-UAE kwiziqithi ze-Socotra, kwaye yamkele indlela epheleleyo equka ukukhusela i-biodiversity, okanye iqhubeke ngokuhla.
Mouna Hashem, PhD, ngumcebisi wophuhliso lwamazwe ngamazwe onamava abanzi okuvavanya uphuhliso iinkqubo kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo kwi Ii-arhente ze-UN (iNkqubo yoPhuhliso lweZizwe eziManyeneyo, i-UNICEF, i-International Labor Organization) kunye neminye imibutho, kuquka i-International Committee ye-Red Cross, kunye neBhanki yehlabathi, phakathi kwabanye. Ukwangumphandi kuphuhliso lwezentlalo noqoqosho lwaseYemen. Imibhalo yakhe ibandakanya uluhlu lwemiba enxulumene nolawulo, ukupheliswa kwentlupheko, kunye nophuhliso. Unegalelo kwi I-Observatory.
UMartha Mundy ngunjingalwazi ophuma phambili kwi-anthropology kwiSikolo sezoQoqosho saseLondon. Waqala umsebenzi wakhe wophando emantla eYemen (1973-77), emva koko wafundisa eJordan, eLebhanon, eFransi, eUnited States naseUnited Kingdom. Ngo-2011-12, wabuyela eYemen ukuze asebenze neengcali zezolimo kwinguqu yezolimo. Ukusukela oko yaqala imfazwe ngo-2015, uye wavavanya ifuthe lomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nemfazwe kuluntu lwasemaphandleni lwaseYemen kunye neenkqubo zokutya, kubandakanya nokugunyazisa ingxelo โIzicwangciso-qhinga zoMdibaniso kwiMfazwe yaseYemenโ (ISiseko soXolo lweHlabathi, iSikolo seFletcher soMthetho kunye neDiplomacy, i-2018). Unegalelo kwi I-Observatory.
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