Lixesha lokungazinzi kunye nokuqhekeka okwaqala kuMbindi Mpuma nakuMntla Afrika ngo-2011 naseYurophu nase-US ngo-2016. Le mimandla yahluke kakhulu, kodwa ukuxhatshazwa kwabo kwezopolitiko kutshanje kuneempawu ezisisiseko ezifanayo, ngokukodwa imvakalelo ekwabelwana ngayo. abantu abasuka eMississippi ukuya kumEfrate ukuba abonwabanga ngobume bemeko. Ngokunjalo, abaphezulu bezopolitiko abasuka eDamasko ukuya eWashington DC baye babonakalisa ukujongela phantsi ukungathandwa kwabo kunye nokuncipha kwesiseko sabo sezopolitiko.
Ukungalingani kuye kwanda kuyo yonke indawo kunye nemiphumo ebalulekileyo yezopolitiko, uphuhliso oluxoxwe kakhulu njengesizathu sokunyuka kwe-populist-nationalist kwintshona yeYurophu nase-US. Kodwa ikwanempembelelo enkulu yokuphelisa uzinzo kuMbindi Mpuma obanzi. Abahlali baseSyria abangathathi ntweni, nabakhe bajonga kurhulumente ukuba abonelele ngemisebenzi kwaye bahlangabezane neemfuno zabo ezisisiseko ngamaxabiso aphantsi, bafumanisa kwiminyaka elishumi ngaphambi kowama-2011 ukuba urhulumente wabo akasakhathali nokuba kwenzeke ntoni kubo. Bathululela izigidi zabo kwizindlu ezinqabileyo ezingaphandle kweDamasko neAleppo, izixeko ezinemimandla etyebileyo efana neLondon okanye iParis. Ngokungamangalisiyo, yayingaba bantu babefudula bengabalandeli beqela elilawulayo laseBaath, abathi baba ngumqolo wemvukelo edumileyo. Izikhalazo zabo azifani nezo zabasebenzi basemgodini wamalahle abangaphangeliyo kwiindawo ezazisakuba yiDemocratic Party eWest Virginia abavotele uDonald Trump kakhulu.
Uhlaziyo lweneoliberal lwemalike ekhululekileyo lwezoqoqosho luye lwatshabalalisa ngakumbi uzinzo lwezopolitiko nolwentlalo kuMbindi Mpuma nakuMntla Afrika kunaseYurophu nase-US. Kulawulo lobuzwilakhe okanye iimonarchies ezingoozwilakhe ngaphandle kokuphendula kwezopolitiko okanye ulawulo lomthetho, olo tshintsho luqhubela phambili ubungxowankulu: ukufikelela kwisangqa esimxinwa esinegunya lezopolitiko kuba sisitshixo esibalulekileyo kubutyebi. Oorhulumente bajika babe ngoomatshini abakhulu bokuphanga phantsi kokhokelo lwe-kleptocratic lweentsapho ezimbalwa ezilawulayo. E-Baghdad kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, iishawara zasebusika ezinzima kunesiqhelo zazikhukulisa izitrato ukuya kutsho kubunzulu bonyawo okanye ngaphezulu ngomxube ongwevu onuka kakubi wamanzi kunye nelindle. Ndabuza umcebisi kuMphathiswa weMithombo yaManzi ukuba kutheni le nto yenzekile kwaye wachaza, ngokungathi akukho nto ingaqhelekanga, ukuba kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo urhulumente wase-Iraq uchithe i-7 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi kwinkqubo entsha yogutyulo lwelindle, kodwa. mhlawumbi ayizange ibekho okanye imijelo ehambisa amanzi amdaka yayakhiwe kakubi kakhulu ukuba ingathwala amanzi emvula.
E-US, iYurophu kunye noMbindi Mpuma bekukho abaninzi abazibona belahlekile kumanyano lwehlabathi, kodwa isithuthi sokuqhanqalaza sahluke ngokuphawulekayo ukusuka kwingingqi ukuya kwingingqi. EYurophu nase-US yayiyi-right wing nationalist populism echasa urhwebo lwasimahla, imfuduko yabantu abaninzi kunye nokungenelela emkhosini kwamanye amazwe. Umxholo wokugqibela unamandla kakhulu e-US kunaseYurophu ngenxa ye-Iraq ne-Afghanistan. UTrump waqonda ngokwethuku ukuba kufuneka aqhubeke ecofa la maqhosha mathathu, ukubaluleka apho uHillary Clinton kunye neenkokeli ezininzi zeRiphabhlikhi yeQela, bethatha ingcebiso kubaxhasi babo kunokuba bangabavoti, abazange baxatyiswe.
Isithuthi sokuqhankqalaza kunye nokuchasana nesimo esikuMbindi Mpuma kunye neNyakatho Afrika, ngokungafaniyo, phantse inkolo kwaye inqabile kuphela ubuzwe, owona mzekelo ubalulekileyo yi-Kurds. Olu lutshintsho olukhulu kwiminyaka engama-50 eyadlulayo xa abavukeli kulo mmandla babedla ngokuthanda ubuzwe okanye oososhiyali, kodwa zombini ezo nkolelo zagatywa ngoozwilakhe abanganyanisekanga nabangoozwilakhe nangokuwa kweSoviet Union ngowe-1991. Inkolelo yodidi oluphakathi kwilizwe lama-Arabhu, ilinganiselwe kwisikhundla sayo sokubonelela ngeglu ukubamba uluntu kunye xa kujongwe ubunzima. Xa imikhosi ye-Isis yayiqhubela phambili eBaghdad emva kokuthatha iMosul ngoJuni 2014, yayiyi-fatwa evela kwinkokeli yenkolo yase-Iraqi Shia u-Ali al-Sistani owaxhasa ukuchasana. Akukho nkokeli yase-Iraqi engeyiyo eyenkolo eyayinokuphumelela isibheno kumakhulu amawaka abantu ukuba bavolontiye balwe ukufa noIsis.
UMbindi Mpuma ukwahluka kwiYurophu nase-US kuba amazwe anobuthathaka ngakumbi kunokuba ajongeka kwaye xa sele etshatyalalisiwe angqineka engenakwenzeka ukuphinda ayenze. Esi yayisisifundo sokuba ukusekwa komgaqo-nkqubo wamazwe angaphandle eWashington, eLondon naseParis kusilele ukungena emva kohlaselo lwase-Iraq ngo-2003, nangona isiphumo esibi sokuphumelela okanye ukuzama ukutshintsha ulawulo luye lwabonakaliswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Kwakusoloko kunengqondo elula ukugxeka zonke iingxaki zase-Iraq, eSiriya naseLibya kuSaddam Hussein, uBashar al-Assad kunye noMuammar Gaddafi, iinkokeli ezinobuzwilakhe olawulo lwabo lwaluyimpawu ngaphezu kwesizathu sokwahlukana.
Kodwa akuMbindi Mpuma kuphela apho iyantlukwano iya isiba nzulu. Nantoni na eyenzekayo eBritani ngenxa yevoti yeBrexit okanye e-US ngenxa yonyulo lukaTrump njengomongameli, omabini la mazwe aya kwahlulwa kwaye ngoko abuthathaka kunangaphambili. Izahlulo zezopolitiko e-US mhlawumbi zikhulu ngoku kunanini na ukusukela kwiMfazwe yaseMelika yaseMelika kwiminyaka eyi-150 eyadlulayo. Iminxeba ephindaphindiweyo yomanyano kuwo omabini la mazwe ibonisa ukungavisisani okunzulu kunye ne-alarm njengoko abantu bebona ukuba bahamba ebumnyameni kwaye izithethe kunye neempawu zakudala azisabonakali kwaye zisenokungabikho.
Amajelo eendaba angundoqo akufumanisa kunzima ukwenza intsingiselo yolungelelwaniso olutsha lwehlabathi olunokuthi luvele okanye lungaveli. Abacholacholi beendaba ngokuqhelekileyo bamiliselwe ngakumbi kulandelelwano olumiselweyo lwezinto kunokuba bazenze ngathi yaye bothuswa lutshintsho olukhulu. Amaphephandaba amabini kuphela amakhulu - i Florida Times-Union kwaye i I-Las Vegas Review-Journal uvumile uTrump phambi konyulo kwaye abambalwa kwingxelo yaseMelika bebelindele ukuba aphumelele, nangona oku kungakhange kuthintele ukuzithemba kwabo kwisigqibo sabo. Ukugxekwa kukaTrump kumajelo eendaba kulahlekelwe kuko konke ukuhlonipha inyaniso kunye nobuxoki kunye nokupapashwa kweengxelo ezenziwe ngepateni ze-antics zakhe eRashiya, kodwa kukho ukungaqiniseki okunyanisekileyo malunga nokuba uya kuba namandla okwenene okutshintsha, nokuba kuhle okanye ukugula.
Iingxaki kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi ziqala ukosulelana kwaye zandisana. Ngaphambi kweenkokheli zaseYurophu ze-2014, nokuba yintoni na uqhanqalazo lwabo loluntu, khange bakhathale kakhulu okwenzeka e-Iraq naseSyria. Kodwa ukunyuka kwe-Isis, ukunyuka kweembacu zaseSiriya eziya kuMbindi Yurophu kunye nokuhlaselwa kweParis naseBrussels kubonise ukuba iingxaki ezikuMbindi Mpuma azikwazi ukufumaneka. Baye bancedisa ukunika impembelelo enamandla kwilungelo lobuzwe elichasene nabaphambukeli kwaye babenza abakhuphisi bokwenyani kulawulo.
UMbindi Mpuma usoloko ungumthombo wokungabikho kozinzo kwihlabathi kwaye awusoze ube ngaphezu koko kule minyaka mithandathu idlulileyo. Kodwa abaphumeleleyo kunye nabalahlekileyo bavela eSyria apho uAssad ephumelela ngoncedo lwaseRashiya kunye ne-Iranian, ngelixa e-Iraq urhulumente waseBaghdad exhaswa yi-airpower yase-US ihamba ngokucothayo ukuya eMosul. UIsis mhlawumbi unomlo omninzi kuyo kunokuba iintshaba zakhe ezininzi zifuna ukukholelwa, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo usendleleni eya ekoyisweni ekugqibeleni. Olunye lovavanyo lokuqala lokwenyani lukaTrump iya kuba kukuba uphumelele kangakanani ukuvala ezi mfazwe, into esele inokwenzeka.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela