Umthombo: I-Counterpunch
โUlimo oluhlaziyiweyoโ luphawu oluhamba phambili kule mihla. Kodwa lithetha ukuthini? Igama elithi "regenerative" lidibana nazo zonke iintlobo zemisebenzi yezolimo, amaqela eendwendwe, kunye neenkokeli ezicingayo. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kwenkcazelo ekuvunyelwene ngayo, iye yaba yinguqulelo yamva nje 'yendalo' okanye 'ezinzileyo' โ ibango ngabaninzi, kodwa iphunyezwe ngabambalwa.
Eyona mbono ibalaseleyo kulimo lwaseMelika kukuvelisa ngobuninzi besityalo esinye, apho unyawo ngalunye lwesikwere somhlaba olimekayo ulinywa ukuze kutyalwe uhlobo olunye lwesityalo sonyaka esifa emva kokuvuna size sibeke umhlaba ekubhuqweni, ukhukuliseko, ukuhlwempuzeka nomoya. ukukhukuliseka. Esi senzo sixhomekeke kakhulu ekusetyenzisweni kwezichumisi zekhemikhali, imichiza yokubulala izinambuzane, nemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula, kwaye ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kwezityalo eziguqulwe ngokwemfuza ukumelana neemeko ezingentle zokukhula. Inkqubo iyasebenza kwinqanaba lemizi-mveliso, kodwa idala iintlango zendalo ezingenaxabiso kwizilwanyana zasendle, ukopha izondlo zomhlaba kwimilambo kunye nemilambo (ukudala indawo enkulu efileyo yolwandle kwiGulf of Mexico), kwaye inciphisa umthamo wokugcina ikhabhoni umhlaba.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukulima okuhlaziya ngokwenene kunciphisa ukuphazamiseka komhlaba ngokugcina umhlaba ogqunyiweyo phakathi kwemiqolo yezityalo zokuqala, ngokufuthi kusetyenziswa iindidi ezilungisa initrogen ezongeza izondlo emhlabeni. Endaweni yokutyala isityalo esinye ngokokubona kwamehlo, izityalo ezininzi zityalwa kunye, nto leyo eyenza inkqubo yendalo ilula nengeyiyo eyomthonyama kodwa eyohlukeneyo ngokwendalo enika iintaka zemveli, izilwanyana ezanyisayo, kunye nezilwanyana ezihambisa ipoleni ithuba elingcono lokufumana indawo yokuhlala efanelekileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha ulimo oluhlaziyiweyo lubandakanya iintlobo zezityalo ezihlala ixesha elide, ezinokuthi ngokuhamba kweminyaka zityale izixhobo ekuphuhliseni iinkqubo ezinzulu nezinzima zeengcambu, kuhluthwe ikhabhoni eninzi emhlabeni. Ezi ndlela zokulima ngokutsha zisenokungasondeli kugcino lwekhabhoni kwindawo enengca yendalo ehlala imile kunye namatyholo ahlala imihlaba ababehlala kuyo, kodwa luphuculo olukhulu kwiifama ezinkulu zeshishini. Njengoko kunikwe izigidi ngezigidi zabantu emhlabeni kunye nokungabinamsebenzi kokubondla bonke ekuzingeleni nasekuqokeleleni kwindalo ephilayo, ukulima ngokutsha linyathelo elibalulekileyo lozinzo.
Nangona kunjalo, i-regenerative ukufuya sisindululo somrhanelwa ngakumbi. Ekufuyeni, incoko yabiwa kumashumi eminyaka eyadlulayo ngumkhohlisi ogama linguAllan Savory, ethengisa ibali nje ukuba amandla aphezulu, ixesha elifutshane lokutyiswa kweenkomo kunye neminye imfuyo yayiluphuculo kwiindlela eziqhelekileyo zokulawula imfuyo. Ubange ukuba unokuphinda kathathu amanani emfuyo ngelixa unyusa imveliso yengca, ibango elo ihlaziywe ngokwesayensi ngoososayensi abathembekileyo. Yayiyingcamango ekhohlisayo kubafuyi abasokolayo ekucingelwa ukuba baneengcambu kwimihlambi emikhulu yezilwanyana zasendle ezazikhe zityhutyhe amathafa engca, zifuna ukutya kwaye zinyathele kanobom ze ziqhubele phambili, ngamanye amaxesha zingabuyeli kwindawo enye kangangeminyaka. Kodwa ngokungafaniyo nezityalo zendalo ezishukumayo eziphezulu, โiNdlela eNgconoโ ixhomekeke ekubiyeleni umhlaba ube ngamadlelo amancinane, kwaye ujikelezisa imfuyo kumadlelo amancinci ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngexesha lokukhula.
Kangangamashumi eminyaka izifundo zenzululwazi ziye zavavanya iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokutyisa amadlelo ngokujikelezisayo (ezisoloko zibandakanya inqanaba elithile lokubiyelwa kocingo) kunye namadlelo angalawulwayo, asasazwayo phantsi kwamazinga okufaniswa kwemfuyo. Iziphumo zicebisa ngamandla ukuba zombini idlelo elijikelezayo kunye nelithi saa kakhulu iziphumo ezifanayo.
Kwintshona ye-United States eyinkqantosi, ukutyiwa kwemfuyo kunengxaki enkulu yokuzinza nto leyo eyenza ukuba 'idlelo elihlaziyayo' lingafikeleleki ngokwendalo. Kangangeenkulungwane, iinkomo zasekhaya zazikhuliswa ngokukhethayo ukuze zityiswe kumadlelo achumileyo nachumileyo akumntla Yurophu. Xa zilahliwe kwimimandla ebharhileyo, zihlanganisana kunxweme oluselunxwemeni lwemilambo nemisinga, zitshabalalisa ezi ndawo zezityalo nezilwanyana ezahlukahlukeneyo zize ziyinyathele loo misinga ukuze ibe ziingcongolo ezinodaka. Yongeza oku kubuninzi obungapheliyo bemimandla yasentshona. I-Bureau yoLawulo loMhlaba kunye neNkonzo yeHlathi igunyazisa abafuyi abaqeshisa amasimi oluntu ukuze batyise amadlelo ukuba basuse i-45 ukuya kwi-60 yepesenti yemveliso yefula yonyaka kumadlelo afanayo, unyaka nonyaka. Lo mgangatho uvunywe ngokusesikweni wokutyiswa ngokugqithisileyo utshabalalisa ingca yendalo ehlala ixesha elide kwaye uphanga ukutya kunye neendawo zokuhlala ezizidingayo ukuze ziphile izilwanyana zasendle. Ukuba ufunda incwadi egunyazisiweyo malunga nokufuya entshona Ulawulo loluhlu: Imigaqo kunye neZenzo ngunjingalwazi weYunivesithi yaseNew Mexico State uJerry Holechek - uya kufumanisa ukuba i-30% yokususwa kwefula yimfuyo yeyona iphezulu kumadlelo asentshona namatyholo. Iintlango zinokugcina ipesenti esezantsi kakhulu yokusetyenziswa, kwaye kuphela kwiminyaka emanzi. Iindawo ezininzi eziyintlango akufuneki zityiswe yimihlambi yemfuyo yasekhaya unyaka nonyaka. Kwaye ukutyiswa okujikelezayo akuzisombululi nanye kwezi ngxaki.
Xa ukutyisa imfuyo kubukhali ngokwaneleyo ukuze kupheliswe ingca yendalo kunye namaqweqwe ebhayoloji eethe-ethe okhuselo lwendalo kukhula oluhlaselayo, uhlaselo olukhulu lwezityalo zangaphandle zonyaka ezifana ne-cheatgrass kunye ne-medusahead wildrye kudla ngokubakho. Aba bahlaseli babonakalisa iimpawu zokutyiswa kakhulu - kwiinkqubo zendalo eziphilileyo, olu khula lukwazi ukufikelela kuphela ekuxinaniseni okuphantsi kakhulu, kuba ingca yendalo enempilo ikhuphisana kakhulu njengabantu abadala. Kodwa yakube imfuyo iwugqibile umhlaba wezityalo zayo zendalo โ nto leyo eyenzeka rhoqo ngexesha lembalela exhaphake kakhulu eNtshona kuneminyaka enemvula eninzi โ ukhula oluhlaselayo luyagquma, lulungele ukuvala isithuba. I-Cheatgrass iye yajikeleza eNtshona ukususela ngo-1800, kodwa kunjalo ukwanda ngokukhawuleza kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo. Iimpembelelo eziyingozi zokutyisa okugqithisileyo ziqokelelana ngokuhamba kwexesha njengoko umhlaba ulahleka, iindawo zezityalo zomthonyama zitshintshwa zizityalo ezingavelisi mveliso kwaye amanani emfuyo ayagcinwa ngenkani ngexesha lembalela. Yongeza kwinto yokuba inkomo eqhelekileyo yasekhaya namhlanje idla ngokuba yi-150-250 pounds enkulu kunokuba xa ii-arhente zaqala ukubeka amazinga okugcina impahla kwaye utshintsho lwemozulu lukhokelela ekukhuleni okutshisayo, kwiimeko ezikhulayo kwaye umfanekiso ubi nakakhulu.
I-Cheatgrass lukhula lonyaka oluneengcambu ezingenzulwanga ezifa kunye nesityalo rhoqo ehlotyeni, zinikezela ngekhabhoni yazo emoyeni. Ke xa i-cheatgrass ithatha indawo, ibasa imililo ehlala ikhula kakhulu esusa amatyholo anganyamezeliyo umlilo njenge-sagebrush, ekugqibeleni iseka i-monoculture enciphisa ugcino lwekhabhoni yomhlaba ngelixa itshabalalisa ixabiso lendawo yokuhlala yezityalo kunye nezilwanyana zasendle.
Ngaphaya koko, iingcingo ezifunwa yi-Savory-style idlelo yingxaki enkulu kwizilwanyana zasendle, ukuthintela ukufuduka yezilwanyana ezitya utyani kunye nokubulala iintaka ezibhabha ezantsi njenge sage grouse ngaphakathi amanani othusayo. Ukubiyela ngakumbi imihlaba kawonke-wonke kuya kubulala kuphela i-sage grouse ebhabhayo ngakumbi kwaye kumise imiqobo yendlela yokufuduka kwezilwanyana zasendle. Loo nto ayikokwenziwa ngokutsha, ayizinzeki, kwaye ekuphela kwento eyiphumezayo kukwandisa umonakalo kwindalo esele inexinzelelo lwendalo.
Okumangalisayo kukuba, amaqela emfuyo yemfuyo imimangaliso yokuhlaziya ifama eyona ingxolayo idla ngokuba ngabo bamele abafuyi abangabahlaziyiyo, abangona bazinzayo, kwaye bayonakalisa kakhulu. Ngelixa abafuyi abancinci beentsapho benokukhetha ukutya kwiindawo ezixineneyo (kwiinkomo ezityebileyo kunye nenzuzo ephezulu), imisebenzi emininzi yemfuyo kunye nemihlaba yoluntu ikhuphisana ngengca encinci kakhulu. Abaphathi boluhlu oluhlangeneyo banwenwe kakhulu kwaye abanako ukubeka iliso kuwo onke amasimi aqeshiselwe idlelo ukumisela iindlela zempilo yomhlaba rhoqo ngonyaka, okanye nakwishumi leminyaka ngalinye. Kwiminyaka engamashumi alithoba ukususela ekuphunyezweni koMthetho iTaylor Grazing Act, owawujongiwe ukubuyisela izintlu zoluntu, senze inkqubela encinci exabisekileyo kuluhlu oluninzi, kwaye siphulukene nomhlaba kumzantsi-ntshona. Ii-arhente zomdibaniso zibonise amandla amancinci okuvuma ukuba 'hayi' kumanqanaba angazinzanga okutyisa imfuyo, ngakumbi xa benyanzeliswa ngabakomishinala beedolophu ezinobutshaba, abawisi-mthetho bombuso, kunye nabameli beCongress abajongwe kumashishini ezolimo kwaye babone imihlaba kawonkewonke njengomthombo onokuthi ubekho. zigrunjwe ukuze kufumaneke inzuzo, kunokuba zibe ziinkqubo eziphilayo ezifanelwe bubugosa obunenyameko.
Inyaniso yeyokuba ekuphela kwendlela yokuphucula impilo yomhlaba, ukuvuselelwa komhlaba, kunye nokunyuka kobunzima bemfuyo kukunciphisa ngokubonakalayo ubukhulu bemfuyo edlayo emhlabeni. Kodwa iinkomo ezimbalwa, iigusha zasekhaya ezimbalwa, kunye neefama ezimbalwa zithetha ukuncipha kwamandla, iwonga, kunye nefuthe lezopolitiko kwindawo yokwamkela imfuyo, yiyo loo nto besilwa nzima ukunqanda olu tshintsho luhlaziyayo lwedlelo kumazwe asentshona. Njengabazali babo kunye nootatomkhulu nootatomkhulu babeka emngciphekweni wokutshatyalaliswa kwemihlaba yasentshona kunokuba bayeke nakuphi na ukucutheka kumandla kunye nempembelelo engalinganiyo abaqhubeka benayo. Imihlaba esempilweni kunye nezilwanyana zasendle zingumonakalo osibambiso welungelo labo.
Uhlaziyo lwendalo kwimihlaba kawonke-wonke yasentshona inokufezekiswa ngokuphelisa iinkomo neegusha ezingezizo ezomthonyama, kunye nokuvumela izilwanyana ezitya utyani ezizizo, ezilungele indalo (njengenyathi, ielk, kunye nexhama leemeyile) ziphinde zizalise iindawo zokuhlala ezingamadlelo eenkomo owonakeleyo. Ukuphelisa ukutyiswa kwemfuyo yasekhaya kunika ithuba elihle lokubuyisela uluntu lwezityalo zomthonyama, ukubuyisela nokuphucula imihlaba, kunye nokwandisa ukugcinwa kwekhabhoni kwiindawo ezisentshona kunye neengca. Kuyinyaniso ukuba, oku kukhupha 'ulimo' kwi-equation evuselelayo, kodwa esi sisitshixo sokubonelela uluntu lwengingqi oluzinzileyo lwekamva elizayo. Mhlawumbi lixesha lokuba abaphathi be-federal baqale ukuziqhelanisa nolu phawu lolawulo lokuhlaziya umhlaba.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
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