Phezu kwehlobo I-Isis - i-Islamic State yase-Iraq kunye neSiriya - yoyisa umkhosi wase-Iraq, umkhosi waseSiriya, abavukeli baseSiriya kunye ne-Iraqi Kurdish peshmerga; yaseka ilizwe ukusuka eBaghdad ukuya eAleppo kunye nokusuka kumda osemantla weSyria ukuya kwiintlango zaseIraq emazantsi. Amaqela ezizwe kunye neenkolo ihlabathi elingazange zive ngokucacileyo - kubandakanywa iYazidis yaseSinjar kunye namaKhaledi amaKrestu aseMosul - baba ngamaxhoba enkohlakalo kaIsis kunye nobucalu behlelo. NgoSeptemba, uIsis wajika ingqalelo yakhe kwizigidi ezibini ezinesiqingatha zamaKurds aseSyria afumana ukuzimela ngokwenyani kumacanton amathathu kumzantsi womda waseTurkey. Enye yezi dolophu, eyayizinze kwidolophu yaseKobani, yaba lixhoba lohlaselo oluzimiseleyo. Nge-6 ka-Okthobha, abalweli be-Isis babelwe indlela yabo kumbindi wedolophu. U-Recep Tayyip Erdoฤan waxela kwangaphambili ukuba ukuwa kwayo kwakusondele; UJohn Kerry wathetha 'ngentlekele' yaseKobani, kodwa wabanga-ngokungathandabuzekiyo-ukuba ukubanjwa kwayo akuyi kuba nantsingiselo ingako. Umlweli owaziwayo waseKurdish, uArin Mirkan, waziqhumisa njengoko abaqhubi be-Isis beqhubela phambili: kwakubonakala njengophawu lokuphelelwa lithemba kunye nokutshatyalaliswa okuzayo.
Ekuhlaseleni i-Kobani, ubunkokeli be-Isis babefuna ukubonisa ukuba basenako ukuzoyisa iintshaba zabo nangona i-airstrikes yase-US ngokumelene nayo, eyaqala e-Iraq ngo-8 Agasti kwaye yandiswa ukuya eSiriya nge-23 Septemba. Njengoko bathululela kwi-Kobani Isis fighters bacula: 'I-Islamic State ihlala, i-Islamic State iyanda.' Kwixesha elidlulileyo, uIsis ukhethe - isigqibo esinobuchule - ukushiya amadabi ebengacingi ukuba kuya kuphumelela. Kodwa idabi leeveki ezintlanu likaKobani liye lahamba ixesha elide kwaye libhengezwe kakhulu ukuba abaphuli-mthetho barhoxe ngaphandle kokuphulukana newonga. Isibheno soMbuso wamaSilamsi kwiSunni eSyria, eIraq nakwihlabathi liphela sisuka kwingqiqo yokuba uloyiso lwayo lunikwe nguThixo kwaye alunakuphepheka, ngoko ke nakuphi na ukusilela kuyalonakalisa ibango lalo lokuxhaswa nguThixo.
Kodwa uloyiso olungenakuphepheka lwe-Isis e-Kobani aluzange lwenzeke. Nge-19 ka-Okthobha, ekuguqulweni komgaqo-nkqubo wangaphambili, iinqwelomoya zase-US zawisa izixhobo, iimbumbulu kunye namayeza kubakhuseli bedolophu. Ngaphantsi koxinzelelo lwaseMelika, iTurkey yamemezela ngaloo mini ukuba iya kuvumela i-Iraqi Kurdish peshmerga indlela ekhuselekileyo ukusuka enyakatho ye-Iraq ukuya eKobani; Amajoni amaKurd ngoku aphinde athimba inxalenye yedolophu. UWashington waye waqonda ukuba, ngenxa yeentetho zika-Obama malunga nesicwangciso sakhe 'sokuthoba nokutshabalalisa' u-Isis, kunye nonyulo lwe-congressional kwisithuba senyanga kuphela, ayinakukwazi ukuvumela abahlaseli olunye uloyiso. Kwaye olu loyiso luthile luya kulandelwa kukubulawa kwabantu baseKurds abasindileyo phambi kweekhamera zeTV ezihlanganisene kwicala laseTurkey lomda. Xa kwaqala ungqingo, inkxaso yomoya yase-US yabakhuseli bakaKobani yayiye yadakumba; ngenxa yokoyika ukucaphukisa iTurkey umkhosi womoya wase-US wawunqande ukunxibelelana nabalweli baseKurd abasemhlabeni. Embindini we-Okthobha umgaqo-nkqubo wawutshintshile, kwaye amaKurds aqala ukunika ulwazi olucacileyo kubantu baseMelika, ebavumela ukuba batshabalalise iitanki ze-Isis kunye nezixhobo zokulwa. Ngaphambili, abaphathi beIsis babenobuchule bokufihla izixhobo zabo kunye nokuchithachitha amadoda abo. Kwiphulo lomoya ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kuphela ngama-632 kwimishini engama-6600 ekhokelele kuhlaselo lokwenyani. Kodwa njengoko babefuna ukuhlasela uKobani, iinkokeli zeIsis kwafuneka zigxininise imikhosi yazo kwiindawo ezibonakalayo kwaye zibe sesichengeni. Kwisithuba seeyure ezingama-48 bekukho phantse amashumi amane okuhlasela kweenqwelomoya zase-US, ezinye iimitha ezingamashumi amahlanu kuphela ukusuka kumgca ongaphambili weKurd.
Yayingeyonkxaso yomoya yase-US yodwa eyenza umahluko. E-Kobani, okokuqala, u-Isis wayesilwa notshaba - i-People's Defense Units (YPG) kunye nephiko layo lezopolitiko, iDemocratic Union Party (PYD) - into ebalulekileyo efana nayo. I-PYD yisebe laseSiriya le-Kurdistan Workers 'Party (PKK), eyathi ukususela kwi-1984 ilwela ukuzilawula kwi-15 yezigidi zaseTurkey Kurds. NjengoIsis, i-PKK idibanisa ukuzibophelela kwengcamango yenzondelelo kunye nobuchule bomkhosi kunye namava afunyenwe kwiminyaka emide yemfazwe ye-guerrilla. I-Marxist-Leninist kwiingcamango zayo zangaphambili, i-PKK iqhutywe ukusuka phezulu kwaye ifuna ukulungelelanisa amandla phakathi koluntu lwaseKurdish, nokuba kuseTurkey okanye eSiriya. Inkokeli evalelweyo yeqela, u-Abdullah Ocalan, into yehlelo lomntu onamandla, ukhupha imiyalelo evela entolongweni yakhe yaseTurkey kwisiqithi eLwandle lwaseMarmara. Ubunkokeli bezempi be-PKK busebenza kwinqaba kwiNtaba yaseQandil enyakatho ye-Iraq, enye yeenqaba ezinkulu zendalo zehlabathi. Uninzi lwamajoni alo, aqikelelwa ukuba ngamawaka asixhenxe, arhoxa eTurkey phantsi kwemiqathango yokuphelisa imfazwe ngo-2013, kwaye namhlanje basuka enkampini baye kwiinkampu kwiintlambo ezinzulu kunye neentlambo zeQandil. Baqeqesheke kakhulu kwaye bazinikele kakhulu kwisizathu sobuzwe bamaKurd: oku kubenze bakwazi ukulwa imfazwe amashumi amathathu eminyaka ngokuchasene nomkhosi omkhulu waseTurkey, bahlala bengathintelwanga ngaphandle kwelahleko enkulu abayifumeneyo. I-PKK, njengo-Isis, igxininisa ukufela ukholo: amajoni awileyo angcwatywa kumangcwaba agcinwe ngononophelo agcwele i-rose bushes phezulu ezintabeni, kunye namatye amangcwaba acacileyo phezu kwamangcwaba. Imifanekiso ye-Ocalan ikuyo yonke indawo: kwiminyaka emithandathu okanye eyisixhenxe edlulileyo, ndatyelela i-hamlet e-Qandil ehlala yi-PKK; ejonge kuyo yayingumfanekiso omkhulu ka-Ocalan ochongwe ngamatye anemibala ecaleni kwentaba ekufutshane. Sesinye seziseko ezimbalwa ze-guerrilla ezinokubonwa emajukujukwini.
I-Syria kunye ne-Iraq zigcwele imikhosi kunye nemikhosi engalwi nabani na onako ukudubula emva, kodwa i-PKK kunye ne-Syria edibeneyo, i-PYD kunye ne-YPG, yahlukile. Bahlala begxekwa ngamanye amaKurds njengoStalinist kwaye angenademokhrasi, banamandla okulwela iindawo zabo zokuhlala. Umtya woloyiso lwe-Islamic State ngokuchasene nemikhosi eyongamileyo ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka lwenzeka ngenxa yokuba lwalusilwa namajoni, njengalawo akumkhosi wase-Iraqi, anesimilo esiphantsi kwaye abonelelwa kakubi ngezixhobo, izixhobo kunye nokutya, ngenxa yabaphathi abakhohlakeleyo nabangenabuchule, abaninzi kubo bafanele ukubaleka. Xa amawaka ambalwa ama-Isis fighters ahlasela iMosul ngoJuni ayekwithiyori ejongene namashumi amathandathu amawaka amajoni ase-Iraqi kunye namapolisa. Kodwa elona nani lokwenyani mhlawumbi yayisisinye kwisithathu saloo nto: abanye babengamagama nje ephepheni, amagosa ekhupha imivuzo; okanye ayekho kodwa ayenikela isiqingatha somvuzo wawo kubaphathi bawo ukuze angasondeli kwinkampu yomkhosi. Akukho nto ingako iphucukileyo kwiinyanga ezine ukususela ekuwa kweMosul nge-9 kaJuni. Ngokutsho kosopolitiki wase-Iraqi, uhlolo lwakutsha nje lwecandelo elixhobileyo lase-Iraq 'ebelifanele ukuba neetanki ezingama-120 kunye namajoni angama-10,000, libonise ukuba lineetanki ezingama-68 kunye namajoni angama-2000 kuphela. I-Iraqi Kurdish peshmerga - ngokoqobo 'abo bajongene nokufa' - ayisebenzi kangako. Basoloko bethathwa njengamajoni angcono kunamajoni omkhosi wase-Iraq, kodwa udumo lwabo lwafunyanwa kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu eyadlulayo xa babesilwa noSaddam; abazange balwe kakhulu ukususela ngoko, ngaphandle kweemfazwe zamakhaya zamaKurd. Kwanangaphambi kokuba baqhutywe nguIsis eSinjar ngo-Agasti, umkhangeli osondeleyo we-peshmerga wabhekisela kubo ngokuhlekisa ngokuthi 'pรชche melba'; wathi, 'babelungele kuphela ukulalela iintaba'.
Impumelelo yeLizwe lamaSilamsi iye yancedwa kungekuphela nje kukungakwazi kweentshaba zayo kodwa nayiyantlukwano ekhoyo phakathi kwabo. UJohn Kerry uqhayisa ngokuhlanganisa umfelandawonye wamazwe angamashumi amathandathu onke athembisa ukuchasa i-Isis, kodwa ukususela ekuqaleni kwacaca ukuba amalungu amaninzi abalulekileyo awazange akhathazeke kakhulu malunga nosongelo lwe-Isis. Xa ibhombu yaseSyria yaqala ngoSeptemba, u-Obama wavakalisa ngokuzingca ukuba iSaudi Arabia, iJordani, i-United Arab Emirates, iQatar, iBahrain kunye neTurkey bonke bajoyina i-US njengamahlakani omkhosi ngokuchasene ne-Isis. Kodwa, njengoko abantu baseMelika babesazi, zonke ezi yayingamazwe amaSunni aye adlala indima ephambili ekukhuthazeni iJihadis eSyria naseIraq. Le yayiyingxaki yezopolitiko e-US, njengoko uJoe Biden watyhila kwiintloni zolawulo kwintetho eHarvard nge-2 ka-Okthobha. Wathi iTurkey, iSaudi Arabia kunye ne-UAE ziye zakhuthaza 'imfazwe yeSunni-Shia' eSiriya kwaye 'ithululele amakhulu ezigidi zeedola kunye namashumi amawaka eetoni zezixhobo kuye nabani na oya kulwa no-Assad - ngaphandle kokuba abantu. ababebonelelwa yayiyi-al-Nusra kunye ne-al-Qaida kunye neqela eligqwesileyo le-jihadis evela kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi'. Uvumile ukuba abavukeli baseSyria abaphakathi, ekucingelwa ukuba baphakathi kumgaqo-nkqubo wase-US eSyria, yayingamajoni angahoywanga. UBiden kamva waxolisa ngamazwi akhe, kodwa into awayeyithethile yayiyinyani kwaye ibonisa into ekholelwa ngokwenene ngabalawuli baseWashington. Nangona bavakalise ukucaphuka kukungafihlisi kukaBiden, abalingane baseSunni baseMelika baqinisekisa ngokukhawuleza imida yentsebenziswano yabo. INkosana u-al-Waleed bin Talal al-Saud, umphathi wezoshishino kunye nelungu lentsapho yasebukhosini baseSaudi, wathi: 'I-Saudi Arabia ayiyi kubandakanyeka ngokuthe ngqo ekulweni ne-Isis e-Iraq okanye eSiriya, kuba oku akuchaphazeli ngokwenene ilizwe lethu ngokucacileyo.' E-Turkey, u-Erdoฤan wathi ukuza kuthi ga ngoku njengoko wayexhalabile i-PKK yayimbi njenge-Isis.
Ngaphandle kolu manyano lumangalisayo phantse bonke abo balwa ne-Isis, kubandakanya iIran, umkhosi waseSyria, amaKurds aseSyria kunye namajoni aseShia eIraq. Lo mbhodamo ube luncedo kakhulu kwi-Islamic State, njengoko kubonisiwe ngesiganeko esisemantla e-Iraq ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti xa u-Obama wathumela imikhosi ekhethekileyo yase-US kwiNtaba yeSinjar ukujonga ingozi kumawaka e-Yazidis abanjelwe apho. AmaKurd ngokobuhlanga kodwa ngenkolo yawo engeyiyo yamaSilamsi, iYazidis yabaleka iidolophu kunye nezixeko zabo ukubaleka ukubulawa kwabantu kunye nobukhoboka nguIsis. Amajoni aseMelika afika ngehelikopta kwaye ayegadiwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye aboniswa ngamajoni anxibe iyunifomu yamaKurd. Kodwa kwakamsinya emva koko amaYazidis - awayenethemba lokuhlangulwa okanye ubuncinci ukuncedwa ngabantu baseMelika - boyika ukubona amajoni aseMelika ekhawuleza ekhwela ebuyela kwihelikopta yawo kwaye ebhabha. Isizathu sokuhamba kwabo ngokukhawuleza, kwatyhilwa kamva eWashington, kukuba igosa eliphethe ibutho lase-US lithethe nabalindi bakhe baseKurdish kwaye bafumanisa ukuba babengengabo i-US-friendly peshmerga yoRhulumente weNgingqi yaseKurdistan kodwa i-PKK fighters. - basadweliswe 'njengabanqolobi' yi-US, nangona indima ephambili abayidlalileyo ekuncedeni i-Yazidis kunye nokuqhuba u-Isis. Kwaba kuphela xa uKobani wayesecicini lokuwa apho iWashington yamkela ukuba ayinakukhetha kodwa ukusebenzisana ne-PYD: yayiyiyo, emva kwayo yonke into, eyona nto isebenzayo isalwa noIsis emhlabeni.
Kwaye kwabakho ingxaki yaseTurkey. Iinqwelomoya zase-US ezihlasela imikhosi yase-Isis e-Kobani kwafuneka zibhabhe i-1200 yeekhilomitha ukusuka kwiziseko zabo kwi-Gulf kuba iTurkey yayingayi kuvumela ukusetyenziswa kwe-airbase yayo e-Incirlik, nje ikhulu leekhilomitha ukusuka e-Kobani. Ngokungathinteli ukuqiniswa, izixhobo kunye nezixhobo zokufikelela kwi-Isis e-Kobani, i-Ankara yayibonisa ukuba iya kukhetha u-Isis ukubamba idolophu: nantoni na yayingcono kune-PYD. Isikhundla saseTurkey sasicacile ukususela ngoJulayi 2012, xa umkhosi waseSiriya, phantsi koxinzelelo lwabavukeli kwenye indawo, wakhupha kwiindawo eziphambili zaseKurdish. AmaKurds aseSiriya, atshutshiswe ixesha elide yiDamasko kunye nomda wezopolitiko, ngokukhawuleza aphumelele ukuzimela phantsi kwegunya elikhulayo le-PKK. Ukuphila kakhulu ecaleni komda kunye neTurkey, indawo ebaluleke kakhulu kwi-Isis, amaKurds ngokungalindelekanga baba ngabadlali kumzabalazo wamandla kwiSyria ehlakazekayo. Olu yayiluphuhliso olungamkelekanga kubantu baseTurkey. Imibutho yezopolitiko kunye nemikhosi yemikhosi yamaKurds aseSiriya yayingamasebe e-PKK kwaye ithobela imiyalelo evela ku-Ocalan kunye nobunkokeli bezempi e-Qandil. Abavukeli be-PKK, abaye balwa ixesha elide ngendlela ethile yokuzilawula eTurkey, ngoku balawula i-quasi-state eSiriya esekelwe kwizixeko zaseQamishli, eKobani naseAfrin. Uninzi lommandla womda waseSyria wawunokuhlala ukwizandla zamaKurd, kuba urhulumente waseSyria kunye nabachasi bakhe bobabini babebuthathaka kakhulu ukuba benze nantoni na malunga nalo. I-Ankara isenokungabi ngumdlali we-chess osebenza ngokubambisana no-Isis ukuba aphule amandla e-Kurdish, njengoko i-theorists yelenqe bekholelwa, kodwa yabona inzuzo ngokwayo yokuvumela u-Isis ukuba enze buthathaka amaKurds aseSiriya. Akuzange kube ngumgaqo-nkqubo obona kude kakhulu: ukuba u-Isis waphumelela ekuthatheni i-Kobani, kwaye ngaloo ndlela ehlazisa i-US, i-American 'al ally' iTurkey yayiza kubonwa njengenxalenye enoxanduva, emva kokutywinwa kwedolophu. Kwisiganeko, utshintsho lwaseTurkey lwalukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza. Kwiiyure nje ezingephi emva kokuba u-Erdoฤan esithi iTurkey ayizukunceda abanqolobi be-PYD, imvume yanikwa iiKurds zase-Iraq zokuqinisa amajoni e-PYD e-Kobani.
Ubuso be-volte yaseTurkey yayiyeyona yamva nje kuthotho lweempazamo ezenzileyo malunga nenkqubela phambili yaseSyria ukusukela kwimvukelo yokuqala ngokuchasene no-Assad ngo-2011. UGaddafi eLibya โ ngokuqinisekileyo wayeza kubhukuqwa. Xa oku kusilele ukwenzeka, i-Ankara yanika inkxaso yayo kumaqela e-jihadi axhaswa ngemali ziinkosi ze-Gulf: ezi ziquka i-al-Nusra, indibaniselwano ye-al-Qaida yaseSiriya, kunye no-Isis. ITurkey idlale indima efanayo ekuxhaseni iijihadis eSyria njengoko iPakistan yenze ukuxhasa iTaliban eAfghanistan. Kuqikelelwa ukuba i-12,000 yama-jihadis angaphandle alwa eSyria, apho kukho uloyiko olukhulu eYurophu nase-US, phantse bonke bangena ngendlela eyaziwa ngokuba 'yindlela yeJihadis', besebenzisa iindawo zokuwela umda waseTurkey ngelixa abalindi bejonge kwelinye icala. Kwisiqingatha sesibini se-2013, njengoko i-US ibeka uxinzelelo eTurkey, ezi ndlela zaba nzima ukufikelela kodwa amajoni e-Isis asawela umda ngaphandle kobunzima obukhulu. Ubume obuchanekileyo bobudlelwane phakathi kweenkonzo zobuntlola zaseTurkey kunye ne-Isis kunye ne-al-Nusra zihlala zinefu kodwa kukho ubungqina obuqinileyo beqondo lentsebenziswano. Xa abavukeli baseSyria bekhokelwa ngu-al-Nusra bathimba idolophu yase-Armenia yaseKassab kumhlaba ophethwe ngurhulumente waseSyria ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, kwabonakala ngathi amaTurkey ayebavumele ukuba basebenze ngaphakathi kumhlaba waseTurkey. Kwakhona okungaqondakaliyo kwakuyimeko yamalungu e-49 ye-Consulate yaseTurkey e-Mosul ahlala kwisixeko njengoko ithathwe ngu-Isis; babanjwa eRaqqa, ikomkhulu lamaSilamsi eSyria, emva koko bakhululwa ngequbuliso emva kweenyanga ezine betshintshiselana namabanjwa eIsis awayevalelwe eTurkey.
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ukuba U-Erdoฤan ukhethe ukunceda amaKurds avaleleke e-Kobani kunokuba awatywine, unokuba womeleza inkqubo yoxolo phakathi kukarhulumente wakhe kunye namaKurds aseTurkey. Endaweni yoko, izenzo zakhe zaxhokonxa uqhanqalazo kunye nodushe lwamaKurds kulo lonke elaseTurkey; kwiidolophu nakwiilali apho bekungekho miboniso yamaKurd kwimbali yakutshanje atshiswe amavili kwaza kwabulawa abantu abangama-44. Ngethuba lokuqala kwiminyaka emibini, iinqwelo zomkhosi zaseTurkey zabetha kwiindawo ze-PKK kumzantsi-mpuma welizwe. Kubonakala ngathi u-Erdoฤan ulahle enye yezona mpumelelo ziphambili zeminyaka yakhe esemandleni: ukuqala kwesiphelo sothethathethwano kwi-Kurdish exhobileyo. Ubutshaba kunye nokuxhatshazwa kobuhlanga phakathi kwamaTurkey namaKurds ngoku kwandile. Amapolisa acinezela imiboniso ye-anti-Isis kodwa ashiye imiboniso ye-pro-Isis yodwa. Iimbacu ezimalunga nama-72 ezazibalekele eTurkey zisuka eKobani zabuyiselwa edolophini. Xa amalungu amahlanu e-PYD ebanjwa ngumkhosi waseTurkey achazwa ngumkhosi 'njengabanqolobi abahlukeneyo'. Kwakukho ukugqabhuka okukrakra okuvela kubaxhasi baka-Erdoฤan: usodolophu wase-Ankara, uMelih Gรถkรงek, wabhala ukuba 'kukho abantu basempuma abadlulayo njengamaKurdish kodwa ngokwenene bangakholelwa kuThixo ngemvelaphi yama-Armenia.' Amajelo eendaba aseTurkey, aye ethobela okanye esoyikiswa ngurhulumente, adlale phantsi ubunzulu boqhanqalazo. I-CNN Turk, edume ngokubonisa i-documentary kwiipenguins ekuphakameni kwemiboniso yeGezi Park kunyaka odlulileyo, yakhetha ukusasaza i-documentary kwi-honeybees ngexesha loqhanqalazo lwamaKurdish.
Inokuba yinto enkulu kangakanani ukubuyisela umva kuIsis ukuba usilele ukubamba uKobani? Udumo lwayo lokuhlala isoyisa iintshaba zayo luya konakaliswa, kodwa ibonise ukuba iyakwazi ukumelana nokuhlasela kweenqwelomoya zase-US nokuba imikhosi yayo igxile kwindawo enye. I-caliphate ebhengezwe ngu-Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi ngomhla we-29 kaJuni isakhula: uloyiso lwayo olukhulu, kwiPhondo lase-Anbar, lunike enye ikota ye-Iraq. Uhlaselo olucwangcisiweyo olucwangcisiweyo ngoSeptemba lwabona u-Isis ethatha indawo ejikeleze i-Fallujah, iikhilomitha ezingamashumi amane entshonalanga yeBaghdad. Inkampu yomkhosi wase-Iraq e-Saqlawiyah yangqingwa iveki kwaye yagqithwa: amakhulu amathathu amajoni omkhosi wase-Iraqi abulawa. Njengakwixesha elidlulileyo, umkhosi ubonakalise ukungakwazi ukwenza i-counter offensive ngaphandle kwenkxaso evela kwi-airstrikes yase-US. Ngomhla we-2 ngo-Oktobha, u-Isis waqalisa uhlaselo oluthe lwabamba i-Hit, idolophu esenyakatho yeRamadi, eshiya urhulumente ebambe isiseko somkhosi omnye kuphela kuloo ndawo. Imikhosi ye-Isis namhlanje isondele kakhulu kwii-enclaves ze-Sunni entshonalanga ye-Baghdad: kude kube ngoku ezi ziye zahlala zithule, nangona yonke enye indawo yeSunni kweli lizwe iye yaphazamiseka. Ngokutsho kwamabanjwa e-Isis, iiseli ze-Isis kwisixeko zilindele imiyalelo yokuvuka ngokubambisana nokuhlaselwa ngaphandle kwenkunzi. U-Isis usenokungakwazi ukuthimba yonke i-Baghdad, isixeko esinabantu abazizigidi ezisixhenxe (uninzi lwamaShia), kodwa inokuthatha imimandla yamaSunni kwaye ibangele uloyiko kuyo yonke ikomkhulu. Kwizithili ezityebileyo ezixubileyo ezifana ne-al-Mansour entshona ye-Baghdad isiqingatha sabemi siye saya eJordani okanye iGulf kuba belindele uhlaselo lwe-Isis. 'Ndicinga ukuba u-Isis uya kuhlasela iBaghdad, ukuba unokuthatha ama-Sunni enclaves,' watsho omnye umhlali. 'Ukuba babambe nenxalenye yekomkhulu baya kongeza intembeko kwibango labo lokuseka urhulumente.' Ngeli xesha, urhulumente kunye namajelo eendaba asekhaya adlala ngobunzulu besoyikiso sohlaselo lwe-Isis ukuze kuthintelwe ukubhabha kwabantu abaninzi kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo zamaShia emazantsi.
Ukutshintshwa korhulumente kaNouri al-Maliki okhohlakeleyo nongasebenzi kakuhle nguHaider al-Abadi akenzanga mahluko kakhulu njengoko abaxhasi bakhe bangaphandle bebengathanda. Ngenxa yokuba umkhosi awusebenzi ngcono kunangaphambili, eyona mikhosi iphambili yokulwa ejongene neIsis ngamajoni aseShia. Amahlelo aphezulu kwaye ahlala enetyala, alwa nzima malunga neBaghdad ukuze aqhubele u-Isis umva kwaye ahlambulule iindawo ezixubileyo zabemi beSunni. AmaSunni adla ngokuthathwa kwiindawo zokuhlola, agcinwe ukuze ahlawule amashumi amawaka eedola kwaye adla ngokubulawa naxa imali ihlawulwe. I-Amnesty International ithi imikhosi, kuquka i-Badr Brigade kunye ne-Asaib Ahl al Haq, isebenza ngokugonywa ngokupheleleyo; iye yatyhola urhulumente olawulwa yiShia 'ngokuvumela ulwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe'. Ngorhulumente wase-Iraqi kunye ne-US ehlawula iimali ezinkulu kumashishini, iinkokeli zezizwe kunye nabani na othi baya kulwa no-Isis, iinkosi zemfazwe zendawo ziphinde zivuke kwakhona: phakathi kwamashumi amabini anesithathu kwamabutho amatsha adalwe ukususela ngoJuni. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-Iraqi Sunnis ayinakukhetha ngaphandle kokunamathela kwi-Isis. Ekuphela kwento enokwenziwa kukubuya kwamajoni angamaShia anoburhalarhume arhanela ukuba onke amaSunni axhasa i-Islamic State. Emva kokuba iphinde yalulama kwimfazwe yokugqibela, i-Iraq yonakaliswa yinto entsha. Nantoni na eyenzekayo eKobani, uIsis akayi kuhlohla. Ukungenelela kwamanye amazwe kuya kwandisa kuphela inqanaba lobundlobongela kwaye imfazwe yamakhaya yaseSunni-Shia iya kuqokelela amandla, ingabi nasiphelo.
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