Ngokunyuka kokubonakala koluntu kwamajoni asekunene e-US kulandela iminyhadala yaseCharlottesville, uninzi loluntu luyazama ukuqonda ukuba yintoni le ntshukumo kwaye yintoni na amandla ayiqhubayo. Ngoluntu oluninzi oluxoxa ngezicwangciso zendlela engcono yokulwa ne-right-wing extremism, imfuno yezisombululo ezakhayo inkulu kunangaphambili.
Okokuqala nokuphambili, kubalulekile ukubonisa ukuba inkxaso kawonke-wonke yee-extremist ezikude zincinci. Uninzi lwabantu baseMelika luyalandula ubundlobongela kunye nentiyo yalo mbutho. Ngokuka a Uphando lwaseMarist ukusuka ehlotyeni lika-2017, iipesenti ezi-4 nje zabantu baseMelika bathi baxhasa "intshukumo yolawulo lwabamhlophe" okanye "ubuzwe obumhlophe." Ngokufanayo, sisi-6 ekhulwini kuphela esamkela igama elithi “alt-right.” Sekunjalo, kukho inkxalabo esemthethweni yokuba inkxaso ye-right-wing bigotry ingakhula kwixesha elizayo ukuba ishiywe ingaqwalaselwa.
Abamhlophe belizwe bamele inxalenye enye yesiseko senkxaso kaTrump, nangona eyona nxalenye inzima. Abaxhasi bakaTrump babephantse baphindwe kabini kunabaxhasi abangengabo bakaTrump ukuba bamkele "ubungangamela abamhlophe" kunye "nobuzwe obumhlophe" xa bebuzwa kuphando lukaMarist, nangona nje isi-5 kunye nesi-6 ekhulwini sabaxhasi bakaTrump ngokulandelelanayo bezixhasa ezi ngcamango, ngelixa kuphela ipesenti ezisi-9 ezixhasayo. i "alt-right." Nangona uphando lwakutsha nje bonisa ukuba uninzi lwabaxhasi bakaTrump bamkela iimbono zobuhlanga kunye nezobuzwe, kwaye uninzi lwabelana umdla omncinci ekulweni ubuhlanga boluntu, ubuhlanga, okanye ukungalingani, uninzi alucalulwanga kangangokuba luxhasa ngokuphandle uqhanqalazo lobuzwe abamhlophe kunye nobundlobongela. Abantu abadala baseMelika abangamashumi amathandathu anesithathu bavotela uTrump ngo-2016 - malunga neepesenti ezingama-25 zabantu abadala. Ngokuthelekisa, ubuzwe obumhlophe kunye nobukhulu buxhaswa sisi-4 ekhulwini kuphela samaMerika. Ngelixa kukho ukudibana okubalulekileyo phakathi kwenkxaso yolongamo olumhlophe kunye neTrump, ezi zinto zimbini azifani.
Ukuqaphela ukungafani phakathi kwezizwe ezimhlophe ze "alt-right" kunye nabaxhasi bakaTrump kuyimfuneko ukuqonda ukuba yintoni eyenza i-right-right. Yiyo ubaxo ukubanga ukuba abavoti bakaTrump baxhasa umgqatswa onocalucalulo, ucalucalulo ngokwesini, nobuhlanga ngenxa yokuxhalaba kwabo kwezoqoqosho. Ngaphambili uphando ibonisa ukuba abavoti bakaTrump bebengacinezelekanga ngokwezoqoqosho; ukuba kukho nantoni na, bebefumile kunomndilili waseMelika, kwaye kunqabile ukuba bafumane isichotho kumaqela ahlelelekileyo ezentlalo noqoqosho. Uninzi lweTrump isiseko senkxaso isekelwe kwimbali yolondolozo kunye necandelo leRiphabhlikhi laseMelika. Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nedatha ebhala ezi ndlela, jonga ezi zifundo zilandelayo Apha, Apha, Apha, yaye Apha.
Abalandeli belizwe abamhlophe kunye nee-supremacists babonisa isiseko seqela leRiphabhlikhi yeqela labemi ngeendlela ezithile. Njengabanye abantu baseRiphabhlikhi, banjalo idla ngoku ukuba yindoda, i-Conservative, kunye nokuchonga kunye ne-right-wing ye-Tea Party kwiCongress. Kodwa ngokungafaniyo namalungu amaninzi e-Trump-inkxaso yeRiphabhlikhi ilungelo, abanalo ilungelo ngakumbi kwezoqoqosho. Njengokutsha nje Uvoto lwaseMarist Okufunyenweyo, abantu baseMelika abachonga "i-alt-right," "abamhlophe belizwe" kunye "nobungangamsha abamhlophe" babenethuba eliphindwe kathathu lokufumana umvuzo wekhaya eliphakathi elingaphantsi kwe-50,000 yeedola ngonyaka kunomvuzo ongaphezu komvuzo ophakathi.
Ugqatso ngokwalo alulophawu lubalulekileyo oluchaza abaxhasi bobuzwe abamhlophe/ilungelo lokongamela. AbaMhlophe baseMelika akunakwenzeka ngakumbi kunabaMnyama nabase-Hispanic baseMelika ukuxhasa ilungelo elikude, kwaye uninzi lwabamhlophe abakho abamhlophe beentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze "alt-right". Kunoko, i intsebenziswano phakathi kohlanga kunye nokunqongophala kwemfundo kubonakala kudlala indima ecacileyo ekutshintsheni abanye abantu baseMelika ngokuthanda abo basekunene. Xa abantu abamhlophe baseMelika beswele amathuba emfundo asisiseko kwaye bengakwazi ukufikelela kulwazi oluyimfuneko ukulwa namabango alula kunye neempazamo zokongama kwabamhlophe ngaphezu kwabantu bebala, basengozini yokutyibilika kumgibe wokwamkela ubutshaba kunye nentiyo yobuhlanga.
Nangona kunjalo iinzame zangaphambili ukudibanisa i-de-right kunye nabaseMelika abancinci nabadangeleyo, ubungqina bolu nxibelelwano bulinganiselwe. Ngelixa i-18-29 yobudala bedemografi inokwenzeka ngokuphindwe kabini ukuxhasa ileyibhile "alt-right" xa kuthelekiswa nawo onke amanye amaqela eminyaka, eli qela akunakwenzeka ngakumbi kunamanye amaqela eminyaka ukuba athi axhasa "ukongama kwabamhlophe" okanye "ubuzwe obumhlophe." Ngapha koko, abantu abancinci baseMelika kunokwenzeka ukuba bachonge njenge khohlo kwezopolitiko zabo ngokufanelekileyo.
Kukwanokuba yimpazamo ukubalela inkxaso kwi-fair-right ngenxa yokungakhuseleki kwezoqoqosho.
Uninzi lwe ubungqina bamva nje icebisa ukuba ukungakhuseleki kwezoqoqosho kunxulunyaniswa nenkxaso eyandisiweyo yenkqubela phambili-ekhohlo izimo zengqondo zezopolitiko kunye nezoqoqosho, kunye nenkxaso yeentshukumo zentlalo eziqhubekayo ezimele abantu abavinjwe amathuba afana ne-Black Lives Matter, i-Occupy Wall Street, kunye ne-Fight for $ 15 intshukumo yemivuzo yokuphila. Endaweni yoko, kubonakala ngathi kukudibana kwezinto ezisebenza kunye ukutyhalela abantu baseMelika ukuya ngasekunene, kubandakanya nokutsalela kwicala elinye kumxholo wemidiya owamkela intetho yentiyo. Le ngongoma iqinisekisiwe kwi-a uphononongo lwezemfundo lwakutsha nje Ukufumanisa ukuba abo bamkela ileyibhile ethi "alt-right" babonakala bebonakalisa ukungawathembi amajelo eendaba, kwaye baxhomekeke kumajelo eendaba angamanye ngolwazi lwabo.
Akufanele kumangalise ukuba ukuthembela kumxholo wemidiya ocalanye kuqhuba i-polarization yoluntu. Ngaphambili uphando ibonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo yeendaba ekude kunxulumene nokuphuhlisa izimo zengqondo ezichanekileyo. Ukuvezwa okukhethiweyo kulwazi kunokuba neziphumo ezibi, kuba abo bangena kwi-intanethi ye-right-wing "echo chambers" banokuzabalaza ukufikelela kwiimbono ezicela umngeni kwiimbono zabo.
Le datha ingentla icebisa ukuba ubuzwe obumhlophe buvela kwindibano yezinto ezininzi. Ezi zinto ziquka uhlanga, udidi, imfundo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemidiya. Ngamanye amazwi, abamhlophe abangafundanga kakuhle abaye babandezeleka phantsi koqoqosho lwe-neoliberal lwangoku, kwaye abathi ekuphambukeni kwabo batsalele ulwazi kwi-intanethi, bangabaqeshwa abaphambili kwintshukumo ye-white supremacist. Ukucaphula eyona nkxalabo yokwenyani yezoqoqosho yamalungu e-"alt-right" ayenzelwa ukukhusela inzondo okanye izenzo zabo, kodwa endaweni yoko ukubeka ngqo apho le ngxaki iqala khona.
Izinto ezifunyanisiweyo zingentla zixabisekile kuba azisiniki nje ukuqonda ngcono ukuba ubuzwe obumhlophe buvela phi, kodwa zikwasixelela nendlela yokulwa nabo. Umlo wokuchasana nentiyo uqala ngokuzibophelela kwakhona kwamaziko emfundo ekulweni iinkolelo ezichaseneyo nezobuhlanga. Xa sithetha inyaniso, uninzi lwabafundisi-ntsapho sele luzimisele ukulwa nekhethe lobuhlanga nentiyo. Kodwa ngohlaselo olungqongqo kumaziko emfundo karhulumente, kuya kuba nzima ngakumbi ukukhusela imfundo esemgangathweni kuluntu oluninzi. Le ngxaki iye yacaca ngakumbi kwiindawo ezihlwempuzekileyo, ezisemaphandleni, ezimhlophe, apho abantu abaninzi bengachanabekanga kangako kwiiyantlukwano zobuhlanga okanye zobuhlanga, nalapho amaziko emfundo adla ngokubakho. inkxaso-mali ephantsi kakhulu.
Enye indlela yokulwa nokunyuka kwe-"alt-right" ngokunciphisa ukungalingani kwezoqoqosho. Ukuba ukuphelelwa lithemba kwezoqoqosho kuphembelela i-radicalism ye-right-wing radicalism, iinzame zokulwa nentlupheko zinokunceda ukususa ukuphelelwa lithemba kwezoqoqosho okubangela ukwanda kwentiyo kunye nentiyo. Kodwa ukungalingani kuye kwakhula e-US amashumi eminyaka, kwaye ngoku amanqanaba okurekhoda. Ngaphandle kokuzinikela kukarhulumente ngokunzulu kwiinkqubo ezaba ngokutsha imithombo yobutyebi ukusuka kwabatyebileyo ukuya kwabahluphekayo, akunakwenzeka ukuba sibone ukuncipha kokungalingani. Amatshantliziyo anenkqubela angenza kakuhle ukuba aququzelele kwaye acinezele urhulumente ukuba aphumeze iinkqubo ezinjalo. Ezi ziquka: umvuzo ophilayo kubo bonke abantu baseMerika, ukhuseleko lomthetho omtsha ovumela abasebenzi ukuba badibanise kwaye baxoxisane ngokudibeneyo ukuze bafumane umvuzo ongcono, ukuqaliswa kokhathalelo lwempilo jikelele ukunciphisa iindleko ezikhulayo zokhathalelo e-US, ukunyuka kwenkxaso-mali ye-federal k-12 imfundo (ingakumbi kwiindawo ezihlwempuzekileyo), kunye nokuqaliswa kwenkqubo yemfundo yasekholejini yasimahla, idityaniswa noxolelo lwemali-mboleko yabafundi kwizigidi zabantu baseMelika baxakeke ngamatyala amaninzi.
Ukulwa nentiyo kunokwenziwa, kwaye kufuneka kubekwe phambili. Ngexesha apho umongameli ekhusela uninzi lwabamhlophe baseCharlottesville kunye namaNazi njenge "abantu abahle kakhulu,” iintshukumo azizange zicace ngakumbi ekuboniseni imfuneko yokujongelwa phantsi kocalucalulo lwasekunene. Kodwa asizukuqala ukuyibuyisela umva ingxaki yokuphathwa kwabamhlophe de siqonde oonobangela bale ntiyo. Kukho intetho eninzi malunga nokulwa abaqhankqalazi basekunene ezitalatweni ngeendlela ezinobundlobongela nezingenabundlobongela. Kodwa kuya kuthatha okungaphezulu kunemilo yasesitratweni ukulungisa ingxaki ekhulayo ye-fascism yaseMelika. Kuyakuthatha inzame elungelelanisiweyo, ehlangeneyo kwicala lenginginya yabantu baseMelika ukunyanzela urhulumente ukuba ajike iindlela zoqoqosho eziphembelela ukunyuka kwelungelo lokusabela kudumo lwesizwe. Kwaye kuya kuthatha ukubekwa phambili kwakhona kwemfundo, ethe yasilela kakhulu kwixesha langoku.
U-Anthony DiMaggio ngunjingalwazi oncedisayo wezopolitiko zaseMelika kwiYunivesithi yaseLehigh. Ukufundisa kwakhe kunye nophando lwakhe lugxile kwezopolitiko zaseMelika, iintshukumo zentlalo kunye namajelo eendaba. Ungumbhali weencwadi ezintandathu, kubandakanywa "Ukuthengisa Imfazwe, Ukuthengisa Ithemba" (I-SUNY Press, i-2015) kunye ne "Politics of Persuasion" (I-SUNY Press, i-2017).
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela