“Ukonakaliswa kwenkqubo yemozulu yoMhlaba kungumphumo wokwaphulwa kwenkqubo yendalo nemijikelo yomhlaba, kunyhashwa Amalungelo Omhlaba, Amalungelo Abantu Bomthonyama, kunye namaLungelo ezizukulwana ezizayo.
Amafutha efosili aqhube indlela esikhulisa ngayo ukutya kwethu kunye nokuvelisa iimpahla zethu kwinkulungwane edlulileyo. Amakhoboka Amandla asetyenziselwe ukususa umsebenzi wokudala wamafama anyamekela umhlaba kunye nabasebenzi bezandla ekudaleni ubuhle kunye nenkcubeko.
Inkqubo yokutya okungekho mafutha efosili iyimfuneko kwimpilo kwiplanethi nakuluntu.
Abangcolisi bazama ukusebenzisa le ngxaki bayidalisileyo, ukwenza ingeniso kungcoliseko ngamaqhinga anje nge “net-zero”, ukonyusa ubundlobongela obuchasene neplanethi ngobunjineli bendalo, kwaye baqhubeke nobundlobongela obuchasene nomhlaba kunye nemizimba yethu ngokutya kwelebhu.
Umsebenzi wethu wendalo kukuphelisa umonakalo, kwaye uthintele ukuhlanjululwa kohlaza ukuze uhlaziye umhlaba oPhilayo, indalo yakhe, iNkululeko yethu yeMbewu kunye neNkululeko yoKutya ngeDemokhrasi yoMhlaba. "
UGqr. Vandana Shiva
Ukutshintsha kweMozulu kukuwohloka ngokwenyani kwezendalo
Ixesha libaleka kakhulu kwintshukumo yemozulu. Kunyaka apho iinkampani zeoyile kunye negesi ziya kuba nerekhodi yengeniso ephezulu, kunye necandelo elimiselwe ukuvala unyaka. kwi-4 yeebhiliyoni zeedola, izikhukula ezingazange zibonwe ngaphambili Phakistan, iPuerto Rico kwaye Nayijeriya, ihlabathi alikasondeli ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwemozulu, okanye ukulungisa ukutshatyalaliswa kwendalo.
Abaninzi ngoku sele beqalisile ukubuza inqaku leentlanganiso ze-COP zonyaka, ngokutsho kwe UNEP, nokuba izithembiso zemozulu zangoku zihlangatyezwa ngokupheleleyo, sisenokubona ubushushu behlabathi bunyuka ngaphezu kwe-2.5C, nto leyo esikhokelela kwisiphithiphithi esingakumbi esingazange sibonwe ngaphambili. I Iziko lasePotsdam sele inika ingxelo ukuqhawuka kwemida emihlanu ebalulekileyo yeplanethi, kwaye kulo nyaka ubone ukunyuka okungazange kubonwe ngaphambili kokukhutshwa kwemveliso yehlabathi.
Imeko yonxunguphalo yemozulu esijongene nayo yinxalenye yeentlekele ezininzi ezibandakanya impilo yethu, umhlaba wethu, i-ecosystem, uluntu lwethu kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni. Luphawu lwengxaki ebanzi yezinto eziphilayo nendawo eziphila kuyo eqhutywa yinkqubo yokutsalwa kweemveliso kunye neqhutywa yinzuzo. Ngamanye amazwi, isiphithiphithi sangoku semozulu esikhoyo ngoku kwihlabathi lonke, luphawu lokuwohloka okukhulu kwendalo. Imozulu yoMhlaba ihlanganiswe kwaye idityaniswe ngokuntsonkothileyo kunye neenkqubo ezininzi ezidibanayo zeplanethi kunye nemijikelo.
Akukona nje ukuphazamiseka kwemijikelezo yekhabhoni, kodwa ukuphazamiseka kunye nokuqhekeka kwemijikelezo emininzi yomhlaba efana, umjikelezo we-nitrogen, umjikelezo wamanzi, umjikelezo wekhabhoni, umjikelezo wokuhamba komoya kunye nemijikelezo yobomi bezinto eziphilayo. I-ecosystem yomntu ngamnye iye yatshintshwa kangangokuba ngoku ibangela ukuthotywa okukhulu kwemijikelo yoMhlaba. Yonke le mijikelezo idityanisiwe kwaye iqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwezinto eziphilayo kwaye ngenxa yoko, impilo yemozulu.
Asinakuthetha ngotshintsho lwemozulu ngaphandle kokujongana neenkqubo zokutya kwemizi-mveliso.
Indlela esivelisa ngayo, esikutyayo, esisasaza ngayo ukutya inempembelelo enkulu kwimpilo yesijikelezi-langa, kungoko nemozulu. Iinkqubo zokutya zibophelela kuyo yonke imijikelo yeplanethi ekhankanyiweyo. Ngoko asinakuthetha ngotshintsho lwemozulu, ngaphandle kokuthetha ngenkqubo yokutya, njengoko iyenye yeendlela eziphambili abantu abanxibelelana ngazo kunye nokuchaphazela imijikelo yoMhlaba.
Ulimo lwemizi-mveliso kunye nokudityaniswa kwehlabathi kube sesinye sezizathu eziphambili zokuba imijikelo yoMhlaba iqhawuke. Ngenxa yokutshintsha kokusetyenziswa komhlaba, ukungcoliseka kwe-agrochemicals, i-monocultures, i-ecocide yemfuza, ukungcoliswa kweplastiki, ukusetyenziswa kwe-fossil fuel, ukuthutha umgama omde ngoku sesinye sezizathu ezinkulu zokutshatyalaliswa kweplanethi. Ibangele i-ecocide kunye nelahleko yeentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo, umhlaba ube yintlango, ukhukuliseko, kunye nokungcoliseka. Ibangele ukungcoliseka kwamanzi amaninzi kuwo wonke umjikelo wamanzi, ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse kunye nokugqabhuka okanye ukungalingani kwenitrogen, amanzi, i-methane kunye nekhabhoni. Konke oku kuthetha ukuphazamiseka kweenkqubo zemozulu.
Xa zizonke, ezi zenzo zokonakalisa indalo zibangela 44% ukuya 57% kuko konke ukukhutshwa kwerhasi eluhlaza (GHG), nto leyo eyenza inkqubo yokutya yehlabathi ibe yenye yezinto ezibangela utshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokuthotywa kwemekobume. Umzekelo, uhlaselo oluqhubekayo lweshishini lezolimo emahlathini nakwezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo zendalo, lenze ukuba ishishini libe noxanduva 70% ukuya 90% yokugawulwa kwamahlathi ehlabathini.
Namhlanje sikwabona ukuwohloka kweentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kunye ne I-6th mass ukunyamalala. Ngokutsho kwengxelo yeUnited Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), iChatham House kunye neCompassion in World Farming, “Inkqubo yokutya inefuthe kwilahleko yeentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo", Inkqubo yokutya yeshishini yehlabathi ngoyena mqhubi welahleko yezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo kwihlabathi, isoyikisa i-86% yeentlobo zezidalwa ngoku ezisemngciphekweni wokuphela. Nangona kuye kwakho iminxeba ephindaphindiweyo yokuba kuthathwe amanyathelo kule nyaniso itshabalalisayo, akukho nto yenziweyo kuba izenzo ezibangele le ecocide azikalungiswa.
Kukwanjalo nangokutshatyalaliswa kwemihlaba. Ngenxa yeekhemikhali ze-agrochemicals ezifana nezichumisi ezenziweyo kunye ne-agrotoxins, ubomi bomhlaba butshatyalalisiwe. Izichumisi ezenziweyo kunye nezitshabalalisi zibonakaliswe ukuba zibulala i-microbiota eyahlukeneyo yomhlaba, ebangela ukunqongophala ukukwazi ukuguqula nitrogen ngokwendalo, kunye nekhabhoni. Umhlaba ongenabomi, ayinawo amandla okubamba amanzi kwaye akukho nzala yokuxhasa ubomi bezilwanyana okanye bezityalo. Imihlaba yokungabikho kwamandla okugcina amanzi kunye nokungabikho kwekhabhoni, okanye i-organic matter, sesinye sezizathu ezibangela ukuba izikhukhula ezininzi, imbalela, kunye nomlilo wehlathi ugqithise kakhulu. Ukuba ukudityaniswa kwale miba akusonjululwanga, ezi ngxaki ziya kuqhubeka ziba mbi ngakumbi.
Iingozi zeeNdawo zokuNciphisa
Komnye unyaka wokusebenza kwemozulu, ngenene sibona ukuhlangana emva kwezisombululo ezingeyonyani ezigcina ishishini njengesiqhelo, okanye zisebenze ukudibanisa imodeli yeshishini. Iinkampani ngoku zinomdla wokusebenzisa ungxamiseko oluyimfuneko kumgaqo-nkqubo wemozulu ukuze zixhamle ngoluhlu lwezisombululo ezibubuxoki, ezihlaza. Izisombululo ezicetywayo ekuphenduleni ingxaki yemozulu esondelayo, zineendleko, azinabungqina, kwaye zihlala ziyingozi ukulungiswa kwezobuchwepheshe ezijoliswe ekutshintsheni iinkqubo zendalo ezizitshabalalisayo.
Babandakanya ukunyanzeliswa kwezinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe ezifana ukutya elebhu eyenziwe ngokwenziwa, ukuhlela kwemfuza, ukubanjwa kwekhabhoni, iikhredithi zekhabhoni kunye nokuxhaswa ngemali kwendalo. Kodwa i-ajenda yokwenyani emva kwezi zisombululo zobuxoki kukudityaniswa kokugqibela kwenkqubo yokutya yamashishini ngokugqibeleleyo, ezolimo zilawulwa ngedijithali ikhonkco lokubonelela, ukutya okwenziwe elebhu, kunye ne ukufakwa kwemali kwimida yendalo yokugqibela ngeentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo kunye neenkonzo ze-ikhosistim kwiikhredithi zemali. Ngowokugqibela push ukutya ngaphandle kwabalimi, kunye nokulima ngaphandle koMhlaba.
Ukutya okungeyonyani okungeyonyani
Ukuze kucinywe amafama amancinci aseleyo aseleyo, amabali axhaswe yinkampani ngoku atyhalela ukuncitshiswa kokuwohloka kwendalo kube ngamabali amabini ajikeleze isityalo ngokuchasene nesilwanyana, endaweni yokujongana nengxaki enkulu yendlela izenzo zangoku zemizi-mveliso eziyonakalisa ngayo indalo yomhlaba. Kwezi dichotomi zobuxoki izilwanyana ngoku zityholwa endaweni yeenkqubo zoshishino ngokubanzi, ngenxa yempembelelo yenkqubo yokutya kwimozulu.
Ukufuywa kwezilwanyana okudityanisiweyo, okuntsonkothileyo, kunye nokudityaniswayo kwezilwanyana kwiinkcubeko ezininzi zemveli kwihlabathi liphela ngoku kufakwe kwimveliso yezilwanyana kwimizi-mveliso, ukucima ngokufanelekileyo ukubaluleka koku kutya kwemveli kunye neenkcubeko zokulima. Kwezi ngxelo zemozulu zobuxoki, izilwanyana nazo ziye zancitshiswa ukuba zibe ziimveliso nje zeprotheyini, ezinokuthi zithatyathelwe indawo bubuchwepheshe obusebenza ngakumbi obufana neemveliso ezenziwe ngelebhu.
Oku kuncitshiswa ngempumelelo ngoyaba multidimensional kunye neendima ezibalulekileyo izilwanyana inokugcwalisa kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ze-agroecosystem. Ngaloo ndlela ayibuhoyi ngokupheleleyo ubudlelwane bethu nendalo kwaye idala umsantsa owahlula abantu kwindalo kunye nokutya kobomi. Ngelixa kuyinyani ukuba zonke iinkqubo zemveliso yemizi-mveliso, nokuba yeyezityalo okanye izilwanyana, zinoxanduva olukhulu lokuwa kwe-ikholoji, iinkqubo ze-agroecological kunye nezikali ezincinci azifani.
Abaxhasi bokutya okungeyonyani Kleyima ukuba ibonelela ngesisombululo sokwenyani kutshintsho lwemozulu, kunye nokuthotywa kwemekobume, ngenxa yokuba ayifuni amanzi amaninzi kunye nemithombo yomhlaba, ngelixa ukujongana neenkxalabo phezu kokukhutshwa kwerhasi yezilwanyana kunye nentlalontle yezilwanyana kushishino lwenyama olululekisiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, injongo yokwenyani ayinakuba kude nokuphelisa utshintsho lwemozulu okanye indlala yehlabathi.
Endaweni yoko oku kutya kucutshungulwe kakhulu 'okusekwe kwizityalo' ezixhomekeke kubuchule obutsha obunobungozi obufana nebhayoloji yokwenziwa, iCRISPR-Cas9 gene manipulation, kunye neeGMO ezintsha. Obu buchule bubandakanya ukuhlengahlengiswa kwemathiriyeli yemfuza yento ephilayo ukudala into entsha ngokupheleleyo, engafumanekiyo kwindalo. Ezinye iinkampani zikwatyala imali kwinyama esekwe kwiseli, ekhuliswe kwiiseli zezilwanyana zokwenyani. Isiphumo luluhlu olupheleleyo lwenyama yomgunyathi ekhule elebhu, amaqanda, itshizi, kunye neemveliso zobisi ezinyakazela imarike ukuze ekugqibeleni zithathe indawo yeemveliso zezilwanyana kunye nokutshintsha ukutya kwangoku.
Obu bugcisa bumele iliza elitsha lengcinga yokwenziwa kwelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza eyaqala ukusetyenziswa kwimbewu ngexesha leGreen Revolution. Ngokukwazi ngoku ukulawula ngokupheleleyo lonke ikhonkco lokubonelela ngokutya, ukusuka ekuguqulweni kwemfuza koku kutya okungeyonyani, ukuya kwimveliso yelebhu, ukuya kumatyathanga okusasaza asele elawulwa lushishino olukhulu lwezolimo. Umhlaba kunye namafama amancinci awasayi kuphinda afuneke, ngaphandle kwe-monocultures eninzi esele ilawulwa yi-agribusiness.
"Izisombululo ezisekelwe kwindalo"
Izisombululo ezisekelwe kwindalo ngumbono obanzi osetyenziswa kakhulu ngamaqumrhu kunye neenkokeli zehlabathi ukukhuthaza uluhlu lweenkqubo zokususa ikhabhoni zokukhusela imozulu kunye nokhuseleko lwezinto eziphilayo, eziqinileyo. zisekelwe kwiindlela zemarike ezingathenjwayo kunye nokuhlanjwa kweshishini. Luluvo olufuna ukusebenzisa izixhobo zendalo, ngokusebenzisa ingqiqo yentengiselwano yeendlela zentengiso, lonke eli xesha likhuphela ngaphandle ukutshatyalaliswa kwendalo kunye nokuqhubela phambili ukuhluthwa kweniyo-koloniyali kubemi bomthonyama, amafama, kunye nolunye uluntu oluninzi ngeeprojekthi ze-carbon offset. Konke ukuze qhubeleka noshishino njengesiqhelo, ngaphandle kokujongana noonobangela yobunzima bemozulu. Ukuba akathintelwanga, la maqhinga aya kuqhubeka enyusa iingxaki ngokuqinisa ukungalingani kunye namandla oshishino. "I-Net-zero" kunye "nekhabhoni yokubamba" zizisombululo ezibini ezikhuthazwa ngamazwe ngamazwe kunye neebhiliyoni eziwela phantsi kwesi sambulela.
Ukuze sityhalele ezi zisombululo zobuxoki siye sabona ukuncitshiswa kokuwa kwe-ikholoji kumbandela nje wokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni. Kuzo zombini iintetho zamazwe ngamazwe kunye nemihla ngemihla, ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kubonwa njengokuphela kwevector yokutshintsha kwemozulu. Oku kuvumela umbono we-'Net-Zero 'ubonakale njengesisombululo esisebenzayo.
Ngokwenyani, umbono ongemva kwe-'Net-Zero' kukulungelelanisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse kunye nokususwa kweegesi ze-greenhouse de sishiywe ngu-zero. Ukuze ufikelele ku-zero, isixa se-CO2 esongeziweyo asikwazi ukuba ngaphezulu kwexabiso elithatyathwe kwi-atmosfera ngexesha elifanayo. Le equation iyingxaki ngokwayo kuba ithetha ukuba iinkampani zinokufikelela kwi-net-zero ngokutyala imali kwizikim zokuphelisa ikhabhoni.
Nangona kunjalo, i-net-zero ayizukukhokelela ekuncitshisweni kokwenyani kokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngezizathu ezininzi. Okokuqala, i-net-zero igxile kuphela kumanzi akhutshwayo kwaye ngenxa yoko iyasilela ukuthathela ingqalelo imo eyongezelekayo yekhabhoni. Ikharbon diokside ihleli kwiatmosfera kangangamakhulu ukuya kumawaka eminyaka, ngaphandle kokuba igcinwe kwenye indawo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba izinto ezikhutshwayo kwixesha elidluleyo, langoku, nelexesha elizayo ziya kuba nempembelelo engakumbi kubushushu behlabathi nakwi-asidi yolwandle. Okwesibini, i-net-zero isekwe kubuxoki kuba i-offsets musa ngokwenene ukunciphisa ukugxilwa kwe-atmospheric yeCO2. Amanqanaba eCO2 ngoko aya kuqhubeka enyuka ngesantya esothusayo ukuba awathathwanga ngokufanelekileyo yimihlaba kunye neelwandle.
Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuze uqonde indlela yokucotha, ukulungelelanisa kunye nokuphilisa isiphithiphithi semozulu, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba umjikelo ngamnye weplanethi uqhawuka njani kwaye uphoswe ngaphandle kokulinganisela, kwaye ungazami nje 'ukusombulula' ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni. Ukuba siqhubeka nokunciphisa ingxelo yemozulu ibe ngumba nje wokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ukuya kwi-'net zero', ngaphandle kokuqonda kunye nokujongana neminye imiba yokuwohloka okukhulu kwendalo, isiphithiphithi semozulu siya kuqhubeka kuphela.
Enyanisweni, 'i-net-zero' ayikho enye into isikimu esicacileyo sokuhlamba uhlaza elinika iinkampani ezingcolisa ungcoliseko ilungelo lokwandisa imisebenzi yazo kwaye ziqhubeke nokungcolisa njengesiqhelo, ukuba nje zinokuthi zifake ibango lokuhlutha ikhabhoni kwenye indawo. Ngokuphelisa ukukhutshwa kwazo ngokutyala amasimi emithi yokulima into enye, iinkampani ziya kuqhubeka ngaloo ndlela ziphembelela ukuhluthwa komhlaba nokugxothwa koluntu, ukunyhashwa kwamalungelo abantu, ukunqongophala kwamanzi, kunye nelahleko eyongezelelekileyo yezityalo nezilwanyana ezahlukahlukeneyo.
Izisombululo ezivezwe ngasentla ziyimveliso ye imbono yehlabathi yobuchwephesha ebona indalo njengento efileyo kunye ne-inert enokuthi yenziwe ngobunjineli kwaye isetyenziswe ukuze ilungele iimfuno zethu kwaye ikhuthaze ukubawa kwenkampani. Ngokubeka izinto ezintsha zetekhnoloji kwisiseko kunye nokubanika uphawu njengekuphela kwendlela yokusombulula iingxaki ezininzi zehlabathi, iinkampani ezinkulu ziseta i-ajenda yazo yokuqhubela phambili ukuqinisa ulawulo lwazo, ngelixa zichitha ixesha elixabisekileyo. Ngokwenza njalo, bafihla oonobangela bokwenyani beengxaki esijongene nazo kwaye basihlisela indlela eyingozi yentlekele engazange ibonwe ngaphambili. Oku mathidala ukujongana nemiba yenkqubo akwenzeki ngengozi, kunoko, lilinge langabom leenkampani ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe ukugcina ulawulo lwazo ngokuqhubeka nolwakhiwo lwamandla afanayo olwadala iingxaki zethu zangoku, ngaphandle kokuthatha uxanduva longcoliseko olukhulu kunye nokonakala kwendalo. baye babangela.
Iimpendulo zilapha phambi kwethu
Iindlela zokulungelelanisa, ukuhlaziya kunye nokuphilisa i-ecosystem yethu sele zaziwa kuthi. Iindlela zokuziqhelanisa nazo zisezandleni zethu, nakwinkxaso esiyinika uluntu lwethu lwengingqi lokutya olujolise kuyo sebenza kunye nendalo ukubuyisela ukungafani kwezinto eziphilayo kunye nokuvuselela imijikelo yayo yendalo.
Ukomelela kwemozulu kunye nokuziqhelanisa kunokuphuhliswa kuphela luluntu lwengingqi oluphilisayo olusebenzayo kunye nokusebenza ukusuka kukuphazamiseka okukhoyo kwi-ikhosistim yengingqi yabo. Oku kuthetha ukuba iinkqubo ze-agroecology kufuneka ziphuhliswe luluntu lwasekuhlaleni ukuze kuvuselelwe i-ecosystem yengingqi, nokukhuthaza ukungafani kwezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo.
Iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo zezityalo, izilwanyana, kunye ne-microorganisms zingundoqo ekuboneleleni uzinzo kunye nokulinganisela okufunekayo ukudala i-agroecosystems ekwazi ukumelana nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ukutya okufanayo kunye neenkqubo zezolimo ezigcina kwaye zihlaziye izinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo zikwanciphisa ukutshintsha kwemozulu kwaye negalelo kwimpilo kunye nokwandisa ubomi ngokuhlaziya, uqoqosho oluphilayo. I-agro-ecosystem esempilweni iphuma kwaye isebenze nayo, i-ecosystem esempilweni enkulu, kwaye ngokuphambeneyo. I-agroecosystem esempilweni ikwaqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwe-ecosystem esempilweni ngakumbi ngokusebenza kunye nokuhlaziya imijikelo yoMhlaba kwisikali esincinci.
Ukwandiswa kweyantlukwano yemfuza, ngokunjalo nokwahlukahlukana kwezityalo, kungundoqo kwindlela yolimo lokufama ukunciphisa ukuba sesichengeni kwizikhukula, imbalela, kunye nezinye iimo zezulu ezingalindelekanga. Yiloo nto imbewu kunye namandla okugcina, ukuzala kunye nokulondoloza ngokutyala kufuneka kuhlale ezandleni zamafama amancinci. Kulapho kuphela apho iintlobo zezityalo ziyakwazi ukuziqhelanisa neplanethi yethu eguqukayo. Olu luntu luphambili kumbhodamo wemozulu kunye nendalo, kwaye ikwalulo olwakha ukomelela kulo.
Imigaqo-nkqubo yemozulu ke ngoko, kufuneka ingajongi nje kuphela ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse, kodwa nemida egcweleyo yezenzo eziyingozi ezenziwa yinkqubo yezolimo kwimizi-mveliso, kunye nezisombululo zazo ezibubuxoki. Kananjalo nokuxhasa ngenkuthalo umsebenzi wokuhlaziya kunye nohlengahlengiso owenziwa luluntu lokutya lwengingqi oluphambili kwisiphithiphithi semozulu. Ukutshintshela kwi-organic, ukulima ngokutsha kufuneka kube yeyona nto iphambili, ukusuka kwinkqubo yokutya yamashishini kwaye yamkele umbono owahlukileyo wenkqubo yokutya okuhlaziya.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela