Umthombo: Ukuqhuba Ukungaxhatshazwa
Ngexesha lencopho yobhubhani we-coronavirus eNew York, uAvram Finklestein woyiswa yingxolo yeenqwelo zeambulensi ngaphandle kwendlu yakhe. โImini nobusuku โฆ ibizinzile,โ utshilo. "Nangona bendihlala kude, khange ndikwazi ukuwubaleka lo bhubhani, nangomzuzwana omnye."
KuFinklestein, igcisa elineminyaka engama-68 ubudala kunye netshantliziyo elihlala eBrooklyn, libona urhulumente wase-US emi njengoko inani lokufa linyuka lisiya ngaphezulu. 200,000 ibuhlungu ngakumbi. Njengomntu osinde kwintlekele kaGawulayo, lo bhubhani ukhoyo ngoku uye wakubiza ngokuba โkukuphinda kuqwalaselwe ukubandezeleka okunokubangelwa yiMerika kuphela ngenkohlakalo yayo.โ
Ekuphakameni kwesibetho sikagawulayo, uFinklestein wavuzwa ngokufa kweqabane lakhe, uDon. Kwi-1987, uFinklestein wanceda ekufumaneni i-AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power, okanye YENZA UP, Iqela elisebenza ngokuthe ngqo kwi-grassroots elikhuthaza uphando ngoGawulayo, unyango kunye nokuguqulwa komgaqo-nkqubo. โBesilwela ubomi bethu kuqala,โ utshilo. "Yayingumzuzu owawunomsindo, woyikisa, womeleza."
UFinklestein naye wayelilungu elisungulayo UGran Fury, iqoqo lobugcisa be-guerilla obufuna ukuzisa ingqwalasela kwingxaki ngoyilo lwegraphic oluxhokonxayo, ngakumbi i-iconic. Ukuthula = Ukufa Ipowusta, eyayibongoza abantu abadlulayo ukuba โbajike umsindo, uloyiko, intlungu ibe yisenzo.โ
โIpowusta yayinento yokwenza nokuba ngubani ovumelekileyo ukuba asweleke - obomi bakhe buxatyiswe kwaye ubomi babo bujongwa njengenkcitho,โ utshilo. "Yeyiphi engohlukanga kangako kwimibuzo yobulungisa kwezentlalo eMelika ngoku."
Igqwetha uTerry McGovern, ochithe ixesha elininzi lobomi bakhe enikezela ngenkxaso yezomthetho kubantu abane-HIV abarhola imivuzo ephantsi, uchaza impendulo eyintlekele karhulumente wase-US kwi-COVID-19 โnjengeqikelelwa ngokupheleleyo.โ
โAmaxesha amaninzi ngawo onke la mava, ndiye ndacinga ngezo ntsuku zokuqala zikaGawulayo,โ watsho. "Kukho into malunga nokujikeleza ngokupheleleyo ukufumana iithemometha kunye neemaski zabasebenzi bezempilo, kunye nee-iPads ukuze abantu bavalelise kwabo babathandayo," utshilo uMcGovern. Kufuneka uzibuze, 'Kunokwenzeka njani ukuba singafundanga nto?'
Iinyanga ezisixhenxe ukusukela oko ilizwe lingenile kuvaliwe, amabali okuchasana, ukuncedana kunye nomanyano kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze usinde kunangaphambili - kwaye umsebenzi we-ACT UP unokuninzi okufundisa abaququzeleli malunga neenyanga ezizayo.
โNgumzabalazo oqhubekayo ukufumana la mabali,โ utshilo uMcGovern. Kodwa ndicinga ukuba zibaluleke kakhulu kuba, ekugqibeleni, zingamabali anika ithemba.
Ukusebenzisa 'zonke izixhobo ezikwibhokisi yezixhobo'
Ukusekwa kwe-ACT UP okokuqala ngo-1987, ingxaki kaGawulayo yayiqhube iminyaka emithandathu. Phantse 41,000 abantu babhubhile kwaye abantu abangaphezu kwama-50,000 baye bafunyanwa. Ulawulo lweReagan, olurekhodiweyo kuhleka malunga nobhubhani osemva kwemiboniso, akazange ayivume esidlangalaleni intsholongwane de kube yiminyaka emine yokwenzakala.
โNjengakwi-coronavirus, bekukho iinkalo ezimbini kubhubhani we-AIDS,โ utshilo UJim Hubbard, umenzi bhanyabhanya onemibhalo echaza ngobomi obungaqhelekanga kunye nokuxhathisa. โKukho isifo ngokwaso, kwaye nantsi indlela uluntu oluqhubana ngayo naso. Kwaye urhulumente, xa wayengenabutshaba elubala, wayeyibetha ngoyaba le meko. โ
Ukungakhathali kukarhulumente waseUnited States kwabonakala ngeendlela ezininzi: abezobupolitika ngelo xesha babavala abantu abanentsholongwane iHIV ukuba bangene kweli lizwe, abazange bavume ukuhlaziya inkqubo yokufundisa ngesini eyayifundiswa ezikolweni, basilela ukumisela iinkqubo zokutshintshiselana ngeenaliti yaye abazange benze nto ukuze bathintele. ukwenza inzuzo ngeziyobisi.
Intshayelelo kaHubbard kwi-ACT UP kwakuxa wabona ipowusta kwindlela engaphantsi komhlaba ibhengeza Matshi 24 umboniso kwiWall Street. UHubbard uthi: โEkuqaleni, ndandingasiqondi isizathu sokuba babonise apho. โNdacinga, 'Ke, ngurhulumente oyingxaki.' Kodwa oko kukungaqondi kwam. Kungenxa yokuba ingxaki kaGawulayo yayiyingxaki yobukhapitali.โ
Olu hlalutyo lwalubalulekile kumsebenzi we-ACT UP, owawuthatha ngeendlela ezininzi - ukusuka ekusebenzeni noososayensi kwihlabathi jikelele ukuya kuqhanqalazo olukhulu ezitalatweni.
Amalungu e-ACT UP aphazamisekile iindaba kusasazo, i gu bungelwe indlu yelungu lebhunga elithanda abantu abathandana besisini esinye esinekhondom enkulu, eboshwe ngokwabo kwibalcony kwiNew York Stock Exchange kwaye babonisa a ukufa ngethuba leMithendeleko kwiCathedral yaseSaint Patrickโs Cathedral bekhalazela abefundisi becawa ababegxeka uqingqo-nzala.
โXa kufikwa ekuchaseni ubungxowankulu kade, bendisoloko ndivakalelwa kukuba kufuneka uzame zonke izixhobo ezikwibhokisi yezixhobo,โ utshilo uFinklestein. โNdithetha ukuthi, besiqhutywa ngumsindo ngenxa yokuba abantu besifa ngokwenyani ezipasejini zezibhedlele. Akhonto besiyicinga ngaphandle kwetafile.โ
Ngaxa lithile, iCaucus yabasetyhini ye-ACT UP yabhaliswa njengeRiphabhlikhi ukuze babe nokuzimasa ingxowa-mali yeRiphabhlikhi. Kwitheyibhile yeedessert, banikezela ngeekuki zethamsanqa eziqulethe idatha yeklinikhi malunga noxinzelelo lomzimba kubasetyhini. Kwesinye isiganeko, amatshantliziyo aqhekeza amaZiko oLawulo lweZifo aseNew York, apho afaka amaphepha enyaniso angoGawulayo kwifayile enye nencwadi ekwiofisi yomphathi, ukuze angakwazi ukuvula nantoni na engakhange abone oko akufunayo.
โSenze konke okusemandleni,โ utshilo uFinklestein. โUhlobo [lokulwa] nobungxowankulu obusemva kwexesha luthethathethwano oluqhubekayo. Hayi uthethathethwano kanye. Hayi uthethathethwano ngesehlo esinye. Ihlala ihleli.โ
Nangona amalungu e-ACT UP ayeqeqeshwe ekungathobelini uluntu olungenalo ubundlobongela, abaninzi baye bajonga ukungabi nobundlobongela njengeqhinga kunokuba ibe yifilosofi epheleleyo. Njengoko inani lokufa likhula kwaye ukuphelelwa lithemba kusanda, icandelo elincinci kodwa elibalulekileyo le-ACT UP laqala ukucinga ngokuqesha iibhombu zomzimba ukutsalela ingqalelo kunobangela ngokuthatha ubomi babo. โAyothusi into yokuba kuye kwavela eminye imibuzo eqatha,โ utshilo uFinklestein. Uninzi lwethu lwaluvakalelwa kukuba siyafa kwaye siza kufa.
Ekugqibeleni, imikhankaso yesenzo esithe ngqo esetyenziswe yi-ACT UP iphumelele ekutshintsheni kakhulu impendulo yorhulumente wase-US kulo bhubhani. Uloyiso lwabo lwaluquka ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantu abane-HIV babandakanyiwe kulingo lwezonyango, ukutshintsha iinkqubo ze-FDA ukukhawulezisa ukukhutshwa kwamachiza ovavanyo, ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso sokuhanjiswa kweekhondom esavunywa yiBhodi yeMfundo ye-NYC kunye nokunciphisa kakhulu ixabiso iziyobisi ezisindisa ubomi.
Umlo wokufikeleleka
NgokukaHubbard, enye yezona zinto zifana zimbi phakathi kwe-AIDS kunye ne-COVID-19 ibe sisiphumo esingathandekiyo kubantu abafumana umvuzo ophantsi ngemibala.
"Ngamanye amaxesha, kwiintlanganiso ze-ACT UP, abantu babephakama baze bathethe ngezinto, kwaye abanye abantu babekhwaza, 'Inantoni na le nto nge-AIDS?'โ Ukhumbule u-Hubbard. โKodwa ukuba ungumntu ongenakhaya one-HIV, akuthethwa ngonyango kuphela, kumalunga nekhaya. Imalunga nendawo yokulala. Imalunga nokutya. Asinguye wonke umntu okwimeko efanayo. Kwaye izinto ezingabonakali zinxibelelene zinokunxulumana ngokusondeleyo nabanye abantu. โ
Ngowe-1989, uMcGovern waseka i HIV Law Project ukubonelela ngeenkonzo zomthetho kubantu abane-HIV abasuka kwiindawo ezingafumani nkonzo, ingakumbi abasetyhini abangathathi ntweni bebala ababengenayo enye indawo yokubheka.
โKwakukho ucalucalulo olwaluxhaphakile,โ watsho. โNdikhumbula umamkeli-zindwendwe etshiza i-Lysol xa abathengi bam babengena. Amagqwetha amaninzi ayengafuni nokuthatha amatyala abantu abane-HIV.โ
Kwangoko, uMcGovern wamela indoda evalelweyo eyayigula kakhulu. Isithandwa sakhe sasibulewe yile ntsholongwane- kwaye ngenxa yokuba igama leqabane lakhe lalikwindawo yokuqeshisa kunye nenkcazo yezindlu zikawonke-wonke yosapho ayiquki izibini ezithandana nabantu abathandana nabo, le ndoda yayijongene nokugxothwa.
โXa sasisiya kwabasemagunyeni ukuze bathethelele imeko yosapho, babethanda abantu abathandana nabantu abathandana bodwa kwaye basigxotha,โ utshilo uMcGovern. Kungekudala emva koko, umxhasi wakhe wafa ngokuzibulala. Le ntlekele yabangela ukuba amatsha-ntliziyo aququzelele uqhanqalazo ngaphandle kweprojekthi yakhe yolwakhiwo lwezindlu, noluqinisekise inani leenguqu ezithintela ucalulo lwe-HIV kwizindlu zikawonke-wonke.
Utshintsho kwi-activism ye-AIDS lwenzeka ngo-1990, xa uMcGovern wafaka isimangalo seklasi ngokuchasene neSebe lezeMpilo kunye neeNkonzo zoLuntu ukwandisa inkcazo yoLawulo loKhuseleko lweNtlalo ye-AIDS.
Ngelo xesha, inkcazo yayiquka iimpawu ezifumaneka ikakhulu kumadoda angama-gay, okuxilongwa kwawo kwabenza bafanelekela ukukhubazeka kunye noluhlu lweenzuzo zezindlu. Ngeli xesha, abasetyhini kunye nabasebenzisi beziyobisi be-IV abanentsholongwane babenqatshelwe uKhuseleko lweNtlalo kunye neMedicaid kwaye abazange bafanelekele ukukhubazeka, njengoko babesifa. Abaninzi babehlala kwizindlu zikawonke-wonke kwaye babejongene nokugxothwa. Abanye babejamelene namadabi enkundla nesixeko ukuze bathintele abantwana babo ukuba bangathathwa.
"Esona sifundo sikhulu endisifundileyo kwi-ACT UP kukuba iqela elincinane labantu - eligxile kakhulu kuhlalutyo kunye nezisombululo ezisebenzayo kwingxaki - banokutshintsha ihlabathi"
Abamangali kwisimangalo, abanye babo abakhetha ukuhlala bengaziwa, benziwe uninzi lwabafazi bemibala, kubandakanya Iris De La Cruz kwaye UPhyliss Sharpe, enentombi eneminyaka emi-5 ubudala nayo eyayinayo le ntsholongwane. โBonke babengabafazi abanamandla kakhulu, kwaye benesibindi,โ utshilo uMcGovern. "Kuninzi lwabo, lo mlo ubuqhubeka kunyaka wokugqibela wobomi babo."
Phakathi kwabathengi bakhe kwakukho UKatrina Haslip, ibhinqa eliNtsundu elingumSilamsi, owayesakuba ngumthengisi ngemizimba negqwetha lasentolongweni elalithandwa ngamanye amabanjwa. Ngexesha lakhe e-Bedford Hills Correctional Facility eNew York, kwabakho ukuqhambuka kwe-HIV emva kwezitshixo - kwaye emva kweenyanga zokulala ukuphulaphula abanye befa kwiiseli zabo, u-Haslip waba ngumfundisi kunye nommeli we-AIDS.
Kwiiveki ezimbini emva kokuba ekhutshwe ngengqawule, uHaslip waphula umthetho wakhe wokulingwa ngokuya eWashington, DC ukuya kuqhankqalaza kwiSebe lezeMpilo kunye neeNkonzo zoLuntu. Apho, wabalisa esidlangalaleni ibali lakhe.
โWayegula kakhulu kwinxalenye yokugqibela yobomi bakhe,โ utshilo uMcGovern. โYayicaphukisa kakhulu kwaye ibandakanya. Usweleke engakhange afanelekele ukuba nesiphene.โ
KuMcGovern, ugqatso lwangoku lokuphuhlisa isitofu sokugonya se-COVID-19 kuphakamisa imibuzo efanayo yokufikeleleka. โMasithi sifumana isitofu sokugonya esisebenzayo- sifunyanwa ngubani? Siqinisekisa njani ukuba kukho ubulungisa ekusasazweni?โ Wabuza uMcGovern. Uyoyika oko ngenxa yembali yezonyango Uvavanyo kubantu bebala, uluntu oluninzi olungakhuselekanga lungasijonga isitofu sokugonya engathembi. "Siza kufuna iinkokeli zempilo zoluntu ezithembeke ngokwenene ngabantu, ezinohlalutyo lwezinto."
Izizathu zokuba nethemba
UFinklestein uchithe iinyanga ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo esebenza kwikomiti eququzelelayo ye Mahala isitofu sokugonya i-COVID-19, imbumba yamagcisa, abafundi kunye nabasebenzi bezonyango abalwela ukuqinisekisa ukusasazwa ngokulinganayo kwesitofu sokugonya se-COVID. Njengoko uluntu lwehlabathi luzamana nekamva elingaqinisekanga, ukholelwa ukuba kunyanzelekile ukuba kufundwe iintshukumo zentlalo zangaphambili kubo bonke ubunzima bazo.
"Imbali ye-ACT UP ihamba ngolu hlobo: Uluntu olusebenza ngokubambisana egameni lalo lwaqhankqalaza, kwaye lwakhokelela ekukhululweni kwamachiza ekugqibeleni okwenza ukuba i-AIDS ibe yinto engapheliyo," watsho. โIbali lokwenyani likhulu kakhulu kwaye liyaphazamisa kwaye lintsonkothile kunolo. Kodwa bufanele ubungxowankulu ukubalisa ibali lokuqala, kuba libonisa ukuba le nkqubo iyasebenza.โ
Into ehlala ishiywe ebalini kukuba ukukhutshwa kwamachiza e-AIDS akhawuleziswayo ahamba kunye ne-right-wing movement yokunciphisa ummiselo ngexesha le-Reagan. "Amayeza asindisa ubomi akhawuleza ngenxa ye-ACT UP," kusho uFinklestein. "Kodwa ukuba ucinga ngayo ngokomxholo, abantu bebecela ukukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza kwamachiza, kwaye iinkampani zamayeza ziyayithanda loo nto."
Nangona kunjalo, uFinklestein ukholelwa ukuba kukho izizathu zokuba nethemba - phakathi kwazo, imvukelo kwihlabathi jikelele emva kokubulawa kukaGeorge Floyd. โInokuba luphawu lwelungelo lam lokuba ndifumene lo mzuzu wokuchasa eMelika uyakhuthaza xa abantu abaninzi bebandezeleka kwaye besifa, kodwa kuyakhuthaza,โ utshilo. "Ukubukela eli xesha lezopolitiko kufana neklasi enkulu ekuququzeleleni."
UMcGovern, naye, uye wachukunyiswa luqhanqalazo. โEyona nto bendiyithanda nge-ACT UP kukuba ibizaliswe ngokupheleleyo ngamagcisa,โ utshilo. โKwaye kubekho ubuchule obuninzi obumangalisayo kuyo yonke intshukumo yeBlack Lives Matter. Ke ndingatsho ukuba ubutshantliziyo buyaphila kwaye bulungile, buthatha nje uhlobo olwahlukileyo. โ
Phakathi kwamagqala e-ACT UP lulwazi lwendlela ende eseza. Phakathi kokulwa nokukhutshwa kwabantu kwiindawo abahlala kuzo kunye nokukhusela indawo yokusebenza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ulingano ekusasazeni isitofu sokugonya kunye nokufikelela kukhathalelo lwempilo, iminyaka embalwa ezayo iya kubamba umsebenzi omninzi ekufuneka wenziwe.
"Esona sifundo sikhulu endisifundileyo kwi-ACT UP sesokuba iqela elincinci labantu - eligxile kakhulu kuhlalutyo kunye nezisombululo ezisebenzayo kwingxaki - linokutshintsha ihlabathi," utshilo u-Hubbard. โAsidingi izigidi zabantu ukuba batshintshe ubhubhani we-coronavirus. Iqela elincinane, elibukhali labantu linokuyenza. Kwaye ndicinga ukuba oko kuyenzeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo. "
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