Umthombo: Jacobin
Njengoko uMorales ngoku eselubhacweni eArgentina, uye wathelekiswa nenkokeli yelo lizwe uJuan Domingo Perón emva kokuthathwa kukaSeptemba ngo-1955 liqela lomkhosi. Ulawulo lobuzwilakhe lwasemkhosini lwaphumeza ukuvalwa ngokupheleleyo kwentshukumo yePeronista, ukanti uPerón owayegxothiwe waqhubeka enempembelelo enkulu ngenxa yesiseko awayesakhile kule minyaka ilishumi yotshintsho olukhulu lwentlalo kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle ozimeleyo awayewulandela phantsi komongameli wakhe.. Nangona igama lakhe lalivaliwe, umbutho wePeronist wahlala usebenza, kwaye emva kokuba umgqatswa wawo uHéctor Cámpora uloyiso lonyulo lukaMatshi 1973, uPerón ekugqibeleni wavunyelwa ukuba abuye.
Namhlanje, uEvo Morales kunye neMovement for Socialism (MAS) bazifumana bekwimeko efanayo. Ixesha elisusela kubhukuqo-mbuso lomkhosi ngoNovemba liphawulwe ngokucinezelwa, ukubulawa kwabantu abaninzi bemibutho yabasebenzi kunye nabalweli bomthonyama, kunye neenzame zokuvala iMAS ukuba ime kunyulo lukamongameli olumiselwe ngo-Oktobha 18. Oku kudityaniswa nephulo eliqhubekayo leendaba. ubuqhetseba kunye neendaba zomgunyathi ezenzelwe ukudyobha iminyaka elishumi elinesine yorhulumente wobusoshiyali.
Ngaphandle koku, i-MAS isengowona mkhosi unamandla wezopolitiko eBolivia, kunye novoto lwamva nje olubonisa ukuba Luis Arce Catacora kwaye UDavid Choquehuanca kufanele baphumelele unyulo kumjikelo wokuqala nge-44.4 yeepesenti yevoti - ngaloo ndlela kufezekiswa i-10 yepesenti eyimfuneko kumgqatswa obambe indawo yesibini uCarlos Mesa, naye ophulukene nolonyulo luka-Oktobha 2019. Nangona kunjalo ukhuphiswano olukhululekileyo nolunobulungisa lubonwa njengento engalindelekanga, xa kuqwalaselwa uphazamiseko oluthe gqolo olusuka kuMbutho waMazwe aseMelika (OAS) kunye nonobhala wayo, uLuis Almagro.
Phambi kwevoti ecetyiweyo, JacobinUDenis Rogatyuk kunye noBruno Sommer bahlala phantsi nomongameli ogxothiweyo uMorales ukuze baxoxe ngerekhodi lakhe njengemanyano yabasebenzi kunye nentloko yombuso, amava akhe obhukuqo-mbuso, kwaye yintoni enokwenziwa yiMAS ukuba kwaye xa ibuyela kurhulumente.
Kufanelekile ukukhankanya iqela labalimi abancinci kunye neenkokheli zemveli, ezisebenzayo ukususela ekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1980 kunye nasekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1990 [ebendiyinxalenye yazo]. Sazibuza ukuba kuya kude kube nini silawulwa phezulu okanye ngaphandle? Izicwangciso kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo iya kuhlala ixesha elingakanani ivela kwi-International Monetary Fund kunye neWorld Bank? Kwaye abantu baseBolivia baza kuzilawula nini thina?
IBolivia ibisoloko ineendlela zamandla oluntu, amandla omanyano, amandla oluntu avela ngaphantsi. Kodwa xa sibuza ukuba singazenza njani na izixhobo zethu zendalo kunye neenkonzo ezisisiseko ngokwelizwe lethu, ngokwesiseko salo mandla oluntu okanye asekuhlaleni, asikwazanga ukwenza oko.
Ngoko ke, kwakubalulekile ukukhuthaza isixhobo sezopolitiko, ewe, ngesiseko sentshukumo yabalimi beendawo ezitshisayo, kodwa ngaphezu kwayo yonke into evela kwiQuechuas, Aymaras, ngaphezu kwamashumi amathathu ezizwe zomthonyama. Sacebisa isixhobo sezopolitiko senkululeko, yabantu, abantu, kunye nenkqubo yabantu.
Ngeli xesha, kwafuneka sahlukane nenkqubo yobukapitali. Kule nkqubo, imibutho yezentlalo ibizwa ngokuba “ngabanqolobi,” kwaye iimanyano zabasebenzi azifanelanga ukuba zibandakanyeke kwezopolitiko. Kodwa sithe sinamalungelo ezopolitiko kwaye asinakuba ngabaxhasi beemanyano zabasebenzi kuphela sixhalabele iimfuno zabasebenzi. Ukuba sifuna iinguqu ezinzulu, kubalulekile kwakhona ukuvelisa iinguqu ezinzulu kwizakhiwo zombuso. Ukusa kumlinganiselo othile, saba neengxaki nabasebenzi, ababegxininisa “kwinkululeko yombutho wabasebenzi” nokungabandakanyeki kwezobupolitika.
Emva koko, oorhulumente bakaHugo Banzer [1997–2001] kunye noTuto Quiroga [2001–2002] beza kunye. Bathengisa umbane nonxibelelwano lwaseBolivia, ngoxa ubuncwane bethu bendalo obunjengegesi banikwa iinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe. Amatyeli aliqela, ndaya kuthethathethana neenkokeli zelizwe zeCOB [iZiko labasebenzi baseBolivia, umanyano lwabasebenzi oluphambili], kunye nemibutho yabalimi, nakwiingxoxo ezahlukeneyo noorhulumente beniyoliberal, sihlala sibeka umbandela wokwenziwa kwelizwe. kwitafile. Ingxoxo yethu yayikukuba xa igesi yayiphantsi komhlaba, yayiyeyabemi baseBolivia, kodwa yathi yakufika phezu komhlaba, yayingasenguye owaseBolivia. Izivumelwano ezichasene nomgaqo-siseko ezisayiniweyo zathi - ngokoqobo - ukuba umnini ufumana ilungelo lepropati kwintloko yomthombo. Yaye ngubani umnini? Inkampani yezizwe ngezizwe.
Kunyulo lukamongameli we-2002, wahlulwa nguGonzalo "Goni" Sánchez de Lozada, emva kwephulo lobuxoki, ukwesaba, kunye nokusongela kuwe kunye ne-MAS. Namhlanje sibona into efanayo. Zeziphi izifundo ozifumanayo ngoku kula mava?
Ngowe-1997, kwacetyiswa kum ukuba ndibe ngumgqatswa wokuba ngumongameli, yaye ndanyeliswa kanobom ngurhulumente waseSánchez de Lozada. Bathi ngam, “Angathini umthengisi weziyobisi, umbulali abe ngumongameli?” Emva koko, ndala ukugqalwa. Kodwa ngo-2002, kwabakho imvumelwano yokuba ndingenelele.
Ndathandabuza ukuba ndingafumana ivoti elungileyo: elinye iphepha lamazwe ngamazwe lathi iMAS inokufumana i-8 ekhulwini, kwaye zonke iivoti zathi 3 okanye 4 ekhulwini. USánchez de Lozada wazimanya neBolivia Libre (eFree Bolivia) Movement, eyathi ngaphambili, ngo-1989, yahlanganisa amacandelo eKhohlo, iidemokhrasi zentlalo; eli qela lalisekelwe kwii-NGO kwaye lalisetyenziselwa ukufumana imali evela eYurophu ngokukodwa.
Unozakuzaku waseMelika, uJosé Manuel Roche, uthe, "U-Evo Morales yi-Andean Bin Laden kwaye abalimi be-coca ngamaTaliban - ke musani ukumvotela." Abantu abachasene nama-impiriyali baseBolivia baphendule ngokuchasene noku - "Kutheni unozakuzaku wase-US etyhola u-Evo Morales ngokuba yi-Andean Bin Laden?" UMongameli uTuto Quiroga kwafuneka athule; nangona namhlanje esithi kukho ukuphazamiseka eBolivia yiArgentina namanye amazwe. Ndathi u-Ambassador Roche wayengoyena mphathi wam wephulo ngokwenza loo mazwi. Kwaye isiphumo se-MAS sasiyi-20 ekhulwini.
Ndifuna ukunyaniseka: kude kube ngulo mzuzu, ndandingaqinisekanga kangako ukuba ndingaze ndibe ngumongameli, kodwa ukusuka apho, ndacinga ukuba ndingaba nguye-kwaye ngoku bekufuneka sizilungiselele. Ngeqela leengcali, saqala ukuphuhlisa inkqubo enzima kakhulu kwaye enoxanduva kurhulumente, kubantu baseBolivia.
Iimfazwe zeGesi - imvukelo edumileyo ngokuchasene nokuthengiswa kwee-hydrocarbons zabucala kwi-2003-2005 - yayiyinguqu yokwenyani, zombini iBolivia kunye nawe. Kulapho sabona khona amandla emibutho yentlalontle, ikakhulu kwisixeko sase-El Alto. Uthelekisa njani loo mzuzu wembali kunye nanamhlanje - kwaye yeyiphi indima ocinga ukuba iintshukumo ezinjalo ziya kudlala kwinkqubo yokubuyisela ulongamo oludumileyo?
Ngale mizabalazo, sinokuphumelela iimfuno ezithile kodwa akukho lutshintsho kulwakhiwo. Ukufika kwam eChapare, kwitropikhi yaseCochabamba, [abalimi bomthonyama ngaphambili] bacebise ngeenguqu ezinkulu kwiingxoxo [ngaphezu kwehydrocarbon]. Abameli boorhulumente beniyoli-liberal baphendula bathi: “Hayi, nenza ezobupolitika,” “Iipolitiki kuni zilulwaphulo-mthetho, sisono,” yaye “Iipolitiki zommi welizwe elikweleenjiko zizembe nesabile” — okanye, kummandla welizwe. Ingingqi yeAltiplano, ipiki kunye nefotsholo.
Kwandula ke kwalandela iMfazwe yeGesi, umlo owawuzinze kwisixeko sase-El Alto. Yayiyintoni ingxaki esisiseko? Ngaphandle kombuzo wokwenziwa kuzwelonke, asizange siqonde ukuba kutheni oorhulumente bethu bafuna ukufaka i-LNG [irhasi yendalo engamanzi] kwindawo yaseChile - hayi izibonelelo zikarhulumente kodwa ezizimeleyo - kwaye ukusuka apho bathumele igesi eCalifornia. Sasiswele irhasi, kwaye babeyithumela eUnited States-kodwa kutheni ungaqali ukubonelela abantu baseBolivia?
Umlo wobuzwe wawusiya usiba nzulu, kwaye apho, abantu base-El Alto babemanyene kunanini na ngaphambili, kwibhunga elilodwa lommandla. Ngoku bandixelela ukuba inamabhunga amabini, nokuba mathathu asekuhlaleni, ubuthathaka ngokoluvo lwam. Kodwa awona alwayo nawona anamandla ayingowokuthand’ izwe kuphela kodwa amabhunga asebumelwaneni achasene nama impiriyali, asekelwe kubuzalwana baseAymara.
Siqinisekile ukuba siya kunqoba zonke ezi ngxaki ngomzabalazo wabantu, kunye nomzabalazo wabantu base-El Alto.
Ukwazile ukwenza ubutyebi belizwe belizwe kunye nokudala uqoqosho oluzinzileyo nolukhula rhoqo. Ucebisa ntoni njengemigaqo-nkqubo engundoqo yokusombulula ingxaki yezoqoqosho ekhoyo eBolivia eyenziwe ngurhulumente wobhukuqo-mbuso?
Okokuqala, inyani ebalulekileyo, abantu ekufuneka baziswe ngayo. Okwangoku siyifake kuzwelonke ngo-2005, ingeniso [yonyaka] evela kwi-oyile yayiphantse yazibhiliyoni ezi-3 ze-bolivianos. Emva kokuba senze ilizwe likazwelonke, nge-22 kaJanuwari 2019, ngosuku lwesikhumbuzo sePlurinational State, sasisele ne-38 yebhiliyoni ye-boliviano yerenti yeoyile. [Ngo-2005] basishiyela i-GDP ye-9.5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola. NgoJanuwari kunyaka ophelileyo, siyishiye kwi-42 yeebhiliyoni zeedola - cinga ngokubaluleka kolu tshintsho.
IBolivia yayilelona lizwe lisezantsi kuMzantsi Merika ekukhuleni kwezoqoqosho, kodwa kwiminyaka elishumi elinesine ndingumongameli, emithandathu kuyo iBolivia yaphuma kwindawo yokuqala. Xa ndandisiya kumaqonga eendibano zamazwe ngamazwe, kwiingqungquthela, okanye kumsitho othile wokumiselwa, aba mongameli babedla ngokundibuza: “Evo, kulo nyaka kuya kubakho ukukhula okungakanani kwezoqoqosho?” Ndabaxelela isi-4 okanye isi-5 ekhulwini, yaye bandibuza ukuba ndenze ntoni ukuze ndikufezekise oku. Ndaza ndaphendula ndathi: “Simele senze ubutyebi bethu bendalo bukazwelonke, yaye iinkonzo ezisisiseko zimele zibe lilungelo lomntu.”
Izinto zabucala zibuyile kwakhona ngoku. UMyalelo oPhakamileyo 4272 [obekwe ngurhulumente kaJeanine Áñez] we-24 kaJuni kulo nyaka, wenze isiphakamiso sokubuyela kwixesha elidlulileyo, ukunciphisa urhulumente ukuba "uncinci", njengoko i-International Monetary Fund ifuna. Urhulumente akazukutyala imali kwiinkampani zikawonke-wonke, kwaye uya kuba negalelo elincinci ekwandiseni izixhobo ezivelisa imveliso ukuze kuxhamle abantu baseBolivia. Umbono walo myalelo uphakamileyo kukubuyisela kurhulumente osebenza kuphela njengomlawuli kwaye kungekhona njengomtyalo-mali kwiiprojekthi zesizwe.
Iiresiphi ze-IMF zonke zikhona kulo Myalelo uPhakamileyo: ukwenza umbane wabucala, unxibelelwano, ezempilo, kunye nemfundo. Sele iqalile inkqubo yokwenziwa kwemfundo yabucala, kuba kulo nyaka abalubekelanga bucala uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lokudala izikolo ezitsha. NgoSeptemba 14, baqalisa ukwenza ishishini labucala eCochabamba; igqwetha elonyulwe ngu-Áñez larhoxa, kuba loo myalelo wokwenziwa kwezinto zabucala wawuchasene nomgaqo-siseko. Iinkonzo ezisisiseko lilungelo lomntu kwaye azinakuba lishishini labucala, impilo ayinakuba yinto yorhwebo, kwaye imfundo ibaluleke kakhulu ekukhululeni abantu. Ke, abantu bayaphakama beyigatya le nto.
Ngelishwa, iBolivia ngoku inezibetho ezimbini: ubhubhane osibulalayo ngentsholongwane - kwaye ukhubaze imveliso ngokuvalelwa - kodwa norhulumente okhubaza yonke imisebenzi yoluntu kwaye ayingenise kwimigaqo-nkqubo yongxowankulu.
Umsebenzi wethu kukukhusela ilizwe kunye nokwenza nzulu ushishino. Leyo yinjongo ekufuneka siyifezekise, ukuze sikwazi ukuqhubeka nokukhula koqoqosho. Kodwa kuqala kufuneka sibuyise idemokhrasi kwaye sibuyise ilizwe lethu.
Ngoku sibona abazalwana bethu bomthonyama betshutshiswa kwakhona ngulo rhulumente wocalucalulo, ukhokelwa nguÁñez nomkhosi wakhe. Ucinga ukuba urhulumente olandelayo weMAS kufuneka enze ntoni ukunceda ukuphelisa ubuhlanga eBolivia kube kanye?
Kubonakala ngathi eBolivia sibuyela kumaxesha okuNcina Amakholwa. Ilungelo lobuhlanga liye lasebenzisa iBhayibhile ukuze lenze abanye bathiye. Asebenzisa iBhayibhile ukuze ebe, ekubulaleni nasekubulaleni uhlanga. Basebenzisa iBhayibhile ukuze bacalucalule, batshise iiWiphalas [iindwe zomthonyama], bekhaba abafazi abacinezelekileyo nabafazi bomthonyama. Yayingamaqela anobuhlanga anemali eyafaka loo ngqondo.
KuDisemba ophelileyo, usihlalo weNdlu yoWiso-mthetho uRichard Black wavuma ukuba ubhukuqo-mbuso lwalucetyiwe eUnited States, esebenzisa eli thuba [elivulwe lilungelo lobuhlanga eBolivia]. Ndamangaliswa yinto eyathethwa ngumnini kaTesla [Elon Musk] ngoJulayi 24: wavuma ukuba wathatha inxaxheba kwi-coup.
Ke, ubhukuqo-mbuso lwalujoliswe kuthi kunye [nolawulo] lwemithombo yethu yendalo, ye-lithium. Saye sagqiba ekubeni senze i-lithium, kwaye saqala kwiindawo zethu zokugcina amazwe. Izivumelwano [zoRhwebo] zazityikityiwe neYurophu, neTshayina. Njengenxalenye ye-ajenda yokuthanda ilizwe ephawula iminyaka emibini yokuzimela kwethu, sasicwangcise ukwakha izityalo ezingamashumi amane ananye, ngaphezu kweshumi elinesihlanu le-potassium chloride, i-lithium carbonate, i-lithium hydroxide, ezintathu zeebhetri ze-lithium, kunye nezinye izityalo zamagalelo kodwa kwakhona -imveliso. Kodwa ndathi, iUnited States ayingeni apha-kwaye yayilulwaphulo-mthetho lwethu olo.
Ubhukuqo-mbuso lwalujoliswe kumzekelo wethu wezoqoqosho. Sibonise imodeli yezoqoqosho eyenze ngaphandle kwe-IMF, kodwa ibe nokukhula kunye nokunciphisa intlupheko kunye nokungalingani. Kwaye kwalandela ubhukuqo-mbuso.
Ke, ndicinga ukuba kuza kufuneka sijonge iindlela zokuhlanganisa abantu baseBolivia, kuba asinakho ukujongana ngezikhondo zamehlo. Kulusizi kakhulu ukuba kukho ama-paramilitaries, amaqela axhobileyo.
Intshukumo yethu yokuya kwiSocialism sisixhobo sezopolitiko solongamo lwezizwe, kwaye lo mbutho wezopolitiko wenkululeko awuyombali nje kuphela, awuzange ubekho ngaphambili, kodwa wahlukile kwihlabathi liphela. Kuba ngexesha lobukoloniyali abantu bethu bomthonyama babesongelwa ngokutshabalalisa - hayi nje ubuhlanga kunye nocalucalulo, kodwa nokupheliswa. Kwamanye amazwe akuMbindi Merika, akusekho mbutho wabemi bomthonyama, kodwa ookhokho bethu, njengaseBolivia, ePeru, e-Ecuador, eGuatemala naseMexico, balwa ngamandla. Emva kweminyaka engamakhulu amahlanu yenkcaso edumileyo yabemi bomthonyama, ngowe-1992, sathi: “Ukususela ekuchaseni ukuhluthwa igunya.” Yaye eBolivia, sasigcina eso sithembiso.
Xa saqalisa ukubonisa ukuba xa silawula kukho ithemba elikhulu ngeBolivia, kwabakho ubhukuqo-mbuso. Leyo yinyani yethu, kwaye ke kufuneka sifune ukuphelisa olu buhlanga. Kufuneka simanyane, sihloniphe iiyantlukwano zethu zengcamango nenkqubo. Kodwa oko kufuna ipolitiki ngaphandle kobundlobongela.
Xa wawungumongameli, wathatha iBolivia waya kwiqonga lezizwe ngezizwe kwaye wazimanya nomlo welizwe elineenxalenye ezininzi. Ngelishwa, siyabona ukuba uninzi lwale nkqubela phambili lubuyisiwe ngenxa yezenzo zolawulo lobhukuqo-mbuso. Ngokombono wakho, yeyiphi eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokubuyisela indawo yeBolivia kwinqanaba lehlabathi kwixesha elizayo?
Xa ndandiyinkokeli yemibutho yabasebenzi, ndaba nenxaxheba kwezinye iintlanganiso zoontloko bamazwe, ngokomzekelo, eVienna, kumlo ochasene nokuthengiswa kweziyobisi. Ngoncedo lwee-NGOs ezazinewonga lokubonisana, ndithathe inxaxheba kwaye ndimamele kakuhle ukuba urhulumente wam wathini kwezo maqonga ezizwe ngezizwe.
"Ndizibandakanya neziphakamiso zase-United States," "Ndiyazixhasa izindululo zase-United States," yayiyiloo nto kanye. IBolivia ayizange ibe nomgaqo-nkqubo wokuthand’ izwe, isindululo saseBolivia. Ukufika kwethu [emandleni], izindululo zethu zigxile ekukhuseleni uMama woMhlaba kunye neenkonzo ezisisiseko. Sizise isiphakamiso kwiZizwe eziManyeneyo ukuba amanzi kufuneka abe lilungelo elisisiseko kubo bonke abantu kwaye ingabi lishishini labucala: wonke umntu wasixhasa esi siphakamiso, kwaye yi-United States kunye no-Israyeli kuphela abalandulayo.
Ndingagqabaza kuninzi lwezopolitiko zamazwe ngamazwe ngokwale migca inye. Ndayihleka (i-video-link) yokungenelela kukamongameli waseBolivia kwiZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ehlasela iArgentina, etyhola umongameli waseArgentina ngokuphazamisa. Lenza ntoni ilungelo yena kufuneka sithethe ngongenelelo lwangaphandle! Kodwa ukucinga ngaphezu kwayo yonke iLatin America, ngexesha likaChávez, uLula, kunye neKirchner - amaxesha ahlukeneyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku - sakhuthaza iinkqubo ezibalulekileyo zokudityaniswa kwelizwekazi ezifana ne-UNASUR kunye neCELAC. UBarack Obama waqala inkqubo yokutshabalalisa i-UNASUR, i-CELAC, esebenzisa i-Pacific Alliance [umanyano loorhulumente bamaphiko afanelekileyo].
Umongameli wangoku wase-US uququzelele iQela leLima ukuba lijongane neVenezuela. Ukujongana naloo nto, sifuna ubunye obukhulu kunye nokucinga okunzulu kwi-Puebla Group kunye namanye amacandelo e-ALBA-TCP [i-Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas]. Kodwa asisodwa. Ndinethemba elikhulu lokuba abantu bethu, imibutho yethu yentlalontle, iza kuyibuyisela idemokhrasi.
Singathanda iMelika yobuninzi, kuba sohluke kakhulu. Bekuya kuba kuhle kangakanani ukuba iYurophu, kwamanye amazwekazi, iqonde ukuba iyantlukwano, ukuze ezo ntlobo zantlukwano zamkelwe yimigaqo-siseko, yimibutho yamazwe ngamazwe. Thina eBolivia sihluke kakhulu - iyantlukwano yenkcubeko bubutyebi bobuntu bethu, isidima sethu. Kwaye ngokusekwe kwiyantlukwano yethu, silwela inkululeko, ukulingana - ngumzabalazo onzulu lo esiwenzayo.
Nangona kunjalo, ngalo mzuzu, sibuyele ngenene kwixesha elidlulileyo. Yintoni eyenziwa ngoorhulumente be-neoliberal-right-wing kukuthetha nantoni na ethethwa yi-United States. Lo mgaqo-nkqubo wenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba uthi, "iMelika yabantu baseMelika" - iMfundiso kaMonroe - kufuneka iphele.
IUnited States kunye ne-capitalism zicinga ukuba zithunywe nguThixo ukuba zilawule ihlabathi, ukuba kuphela ulongamo lwe-United States. Ke, xa abantu bezikhulula, emva koko kuza iziseko zomkhosi, ungenelelo lomkhosi, kunye nokubhukuqa.
Ukufuduswa bekunjani kuwe? Ziziphi iimvakalelo zakho malunga nomkhosi owangcatshayo, kwaye i-MAS iya kwenza ntoni xa ibuyela emandleni ukuqinisekisa ukuba umkhosi unyanisekile eBolivia?
Ndandingafuni ukuyishiya iBolivia. Ndawubona njengombuzo "welizwe okanye ukufa." Kodwa iqela lamalungu endibano, iinkokeli zelizwe, abanye abefundisi, bandixelela ukuba okokuqala, “ukuze sisindise inkqubo yotshintsho kufuneka sisindise ubomi bukaEvo.” Yandothusa loo nto kwaye andiqinisekanga ukuba yinyani.
Okwesibini, ngoNovemba 10, ngaphambi kokurhoxa kwam, emva kwemvukelo yamapolisa kwiintsuku ezimbini ezidluleyo, imibutho yasekuhlaleni yayicela abemi baseBolivia ukuba bathabathe iPlaza Murillo [eLa Paz], yaye kumaphephandaba, ndeva ukuba uMkhosi oxhobileyo. bebefuna ukurhoxa kwam. Emva koko, enye inkokeli yombutho weCOB yandicela ukuba ndirhoxe. Ndicinge ntoni, ngelo xesha? Ukuba ndandingarhoxanga, kusuku olulandelayo, ngenxa yoxinezeleko oluqatha ngolo hlobo, kwakuya kwenzeka indyikitya yokufa. Ukunqanda ukubulawa kwabantu, ndakhetha ukurhoxa, kuba singabakhuseli bobomi.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngalo mzuzu, bekukho iingxabano ezininzi, ezinjengokuhlaselwa kwenkcaso ePotosí naseSanta Cruz ekupheleni kuka-Agasti noSeptemba. Sakuphepha ukufa. Abanye bandicela ukuba ndiqhube izinto zomkhosi kwaye ndibhengeze imeko yokungqinga, kodwa andizange ndivume. Ndaba neentlanganiso ezininzi nomkhosi nabaphathi bamapolisa, yaye ndabaxelela ukuba iimbumbulu zaziza kusetyenziselwa ukukhusela ummandla waseBolivia, kungekhona ebantwini.
Khawucinge nje: umongameli we-Evo, ukubulawa kwabantu, ukufa. Kwakuza kwenzeka njani oko?
Kwanaxa ndafika eChimoré emva kwemini ngeCawa, ngoNovemba 10, ndathi, “Ngoku ndiza kungena ehlathini.” Ngelo xesha, ndacinga ukuba ukuba andirhoxi emsebenzini, kwakuya kubulawa abantu abaninzi eLa Paz ngosuku olulandelayo. Amapolisa nabezomkhosi babeza kubadubula abazalwana noodade bam ababefuna ukubuyisela iPalacio Quemado [ibhotwe likarhulumente], iPlaza Bolivia, kunye nebala lesixeko.
Babeza kundigxeka. Ndiye ndarhoxa ukuze kungabikho kufa okanye kubulawa kwabantu phantsi kolawulo lwam - kuba singabakhuseli bobomi, boxolo, kodwa ngobulungisa bentlalo. Njengamahlakani, ndiza kuthi umlo woxolo kukulwa nobungxowankulu — ukuba bekukho uxolo nobulungisa bentlalontle, ngebungekho ubukhapitali, buya koyiswa. Ngoko, ngoNovemba 11, ndemka eBolivia.
Ngaloo mini, ummandla waseMzantsi Merika wawuphantsi kolawulo lwaseMerika. Abazange bayivumele inqwelo-moya eyayisuka eMexico ize kundithatha ukuba ingene kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya saseBolivia. Kwakukho abongameli abathathu, abane, benxibelelana imini yonke ngendlela yokundikhupha. Kodwa kulawulo [lwasemva kobhukuqo-mbuso], kwakukho iziphumo ezibini ezamkelekileyo: uEvo ufile, okanye uEvo eUnited States. Xa ndandisese-El Alto, umkhosi ngokwawo wathi kwakufuneka undithumele eUnited States; abanye bathelekisa oku [1973] nobhukuqo-mbuso eChile.
Ebudeni bombutho wabasebenzi nomzabalazo wezobupolitika, ndiye ndavalelwa entolongweni, ndatshutshiswa ndaza ndavalelwa eBolivia. Kodwa ndandingazange ndiyifune indawo yokusabela ngaphambili. Ke ngoku ndiyimbacu, ndiyigqibile iCV egcweleyo ye-anti-impiriyalist, yomntu osekhohlo ongapheli mandla. Ezi ziziphumo [zento eyenziwa ngumntu onjalo].
Ilifa lentshukumo yemveli kukuchasa ubukoloniyali kunye nokuchasa impiriyali. Ngexesha lobukoloniyali, baqhawula uTúpac Katari, kwaye ngoku ngamaxesha eRiphabhlikhi, bafuna "ukusikrazula", ukudubula umbutho wethu wezopolitiko, uvale i-MAS, uvale u-Evo. Yiloo nto ecwangciswa yiUnited States. I-United States yathi, "I-MAS akufuneki ibuyele kurhulumente, okanye i-Evo iye eBolivia." Kodwa ndiqinisekile ukuba ngenye imini siya kubuya, ngezigidi zethu, size sibuyisele inkululeko kubantu baseBolivia.
Ukuba unokubuyela umva ngexesha, ubuya kuphucula ntoni kulawulo lwakho lwaseBolivia? Kwaye, ujonge kwikamva, ulindele ntoni kwi-MAS ngoku - kwaye yeyiphi indima ongathanda ukuyenza?
Okokuqala, ukwenza iinkokeli ezintsha ngokwako kufuna ubunkokeli obuninzi - ke, ukwabelana ngamava am omzabalazo wemanyano yabasebenzi kodwa kunye nomzabalazo wolonyulo kunye nolawulo. Ipolitiki yinzululwazi yenkonzo, yomzamo, ukuzibophelela, ukuzincama ngenxa yesininzi, kwabathobekileyo. Ngokucacileyo, ezobupolitika ngumlo phakathi kwezinto ezahlukahlukeneyo. Kwaye into esahlulayo kukuba silwela iimfuno ezifanayo, iimfuno ezidibeneyo, ngokuthanda abantu abahluphekileyo. Umlo wethu awukona ukugxininisa inkunzi kwizandla ezimbalwa, kodwa ukusabalalisa kwakhona ubutyebi, ukuqinisekisa ukulingana okuthile, ubulungisa bentlalontle, uxolo ngokulingana, ngesidima, kunye nobulungisa boluntu. Xa sibuya - kwaye kufuneka sibuye, kungekudala okanye kamva - ndifuna ukwabelana ngamava, ukwabelana ngenxalenye encinci yalo mzabalazo.
Ukuqala kwam ukuza kwaChapare ukuze ndiphile—eneneni, ukuze ndiphile, emva kokubhubha kukabawo — ngequbuliso bandicela ukuba ndibe yinkokeli yomanyano. Ndandingafuni ukuyenza le nto, kodwa ndandinethemba, ndaza ke ndawuyeka umsebenzi wam wezolimo. Ndangena kubunkokeli bombutho, ndaza ndangcungcuthekiswa, ndatshutshiswa, ndivalelwe, ndoyikiswa amaxesha amaninzi. Ukusukela ngo-1989, ndiye ndamangalelwa ngenxa yezityholo ezininzi, ukunyelisa, ezingenangxoxo emva kwazo okanye isiseko sokwenene.
Andizanga kwaChapare ukuba ndibe yinkokeli ngakumbi nokuba ngumongameli. Kodwa isikolo sam sasingumzabalazo wemibutho yabasebenzi, umzabalazo wentlalontle, umzabalazo woluntu, kungekhona njengabo bathi: “Ndiphuma kubukomanisi, okanye bobusoshiyali.” Ekuphileni kwam, ndazibuza ukuba kwenzeka njani ukuba uEvo afumane isikhundla sobongameli ngaphandle kwemfundo ephakamileyo. Ndaphendula ngelithi ndinako ukwenjenjalo ngenxa yenyaniso nokunyaniseka kwethu. Lo rhulumente uzame ukundityhola ngobuqhophololo — kodwa akakwazanga. Emva kokundinyelisa okungaka . . . yintoni ingxaki yalonto?
Siqinisekile ukuba siya kubuphumelela ubumongameli izihlandlo ezininzi kwixesha elizayo.
U-Evo Morales wayengumongameli waseBolivia ukusuka ngo-2005 ukuya ku-2019.
UDenis Rogatyuk yintatheli El Ciudadano, umbhali, igalelo, kunye nomphandi kunye nenani leempapasho ezibandakanya Jacobin, yenkulungwane, Le Vent Se Leve, Senso Comune, i GreyZone, nabanye.
UBruno Sommer Catalan yintatheli yaseChile kunye nomseki we El Ciudadano.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela
Ngexesha leMfazwe yaManzi yaseCochabamba ka-1999-2000 - uvukelo olukhulu ngokuchasene nokuthengiswa kwamanzi - wawuyinkokeli yemanyano exhathisa urhulumente we-neoliberal kaJorge "Tuto" Quiroga. Unokuthelekisa njani umzabalazo waloo minyaka kunye nokuchasana kwangoku kwi-tropics yaseCochabamba?