Umthombo: TomDispatch.com
NgoFebruwari 17, 1941, ngaphantsi kweenyanga ezili-10 ngaphambi kokuba iJapan ihlasele iPearl Harbour kwaye i-US yazifumanisa kwimfazwe yehlabathi, uHenry Luce, kwinqaku lomhleli. ubomi (awathi wayiseka kunye nayo ixesha kwaye Fortune), wathi iminyaka ezayo "kwiNkulungwane yaseMelika." Emva koko wabongoza iinkokeli zeli lizwe ukuba "zisebenzise kwihlabathi lonke ifuthe lempembelelo yethu, ngeenjongo njengoko sibona kufanelekile."
Kwaye wayengalunganga, akunjalo? Kumashumi asibhozo eminyaka kamva, ngubani onokukhanyela ukuba siphila kwinto efana nenkulungwane yaseMelika? Ngapha koko, ngo-1945, i-US yavela yoyisa kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II, isizwe esinqabileyo esitshatyalaliswa ngokumangalisayo yimfazwe (nangona 400,000 abantu abenzakeleyo yayibuhlungu). I-Great Britain isiya kwindawo engaphantsi kobukhosi, iWashington yazifumana ngoko nangoko umkhosi noqoqosho lwamandla emhlabeni.
Njengoko kwenzekayo, nangona kunjalo, "ukusebenzisa ihlabathi impembelelo epheleleyo yempembelelo yethu," enye into yayiyimfuneko kwaye, ngethamsanqa, isondele: utshaba. Ukusukela ngoko ukuya phambili, ubume behlabathi kunye namandla eMelika aya kuthi, eneneni, asekelwe ngonaphakade ekujongeni phantsi iintshaba. Ngethamsanqa, ngowe-1945, kwakukho elinye igunya, ukuba lidlakazwe yimfazwe, iSoviet Union. Elo โgunya libalaseleyoโ laliza kuba lihlakani kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II, kodwa lalingasekho. Emva koko yayiya kuba lutshaba oluyimfuneko โkwimfazwe ebandayoโ eyayisongela ukujika ngamanye amaxesha kushushu kakhulu. Kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, iya kuqinisekisa ukuba into eyathi kamva yabizwa ngokuba yindawo yezomkhosi-yemizi-mveliso (kwaye a izixhobo zenyukliya ekwaziyo ukutshabalalisa iiplanethi ezininzi ezifana nale) iya kuxhaswa ngemali ngendlela ebingenakucingelwa ngokwembali kwinto esenokuba idlulile kwixesha loxolo.
Noko ke, ngowe-1991, emva kwemfazwe eyintlekele eAfghanistan, ekugqibeleni ubukhosi baseSoviet bawohloka ngokwezoqoqosho. Njengoko isihla, i-hosannas yoloyiso yavakala kwiWashington emangalisekileyo. UHenry Luce, ngelo xesha owayefile phantse kwikota yenkulungwane, ngokuqinisekileyo wayeya kuba nemincili.
Amandla Amandla aNgafunekanga
Ngeli xesha, kuloo minyaka yemfazwe eyayiqhaqhazelisโ amazinyo, i-US yalawula indawo eyathi yabizwa ngokuba โlihlabathi elikhululekileyo,โ ngoxa imibutho yayo yayilawula ngokwezoqoqosho inxalenye enkulu yesi sijikelezi-langa. Nangona iya kuba yinyani amandla obukhosi behlabathi nge amakhulu eziseko zomkhosi Usasazeke kulo lonke ilizwekazi kodwa i-Antarctica, kuya kubakho imida ebalulekileyo kuloo mandla - kwaye andicingi nje ngeSoviet Union okanye iqabane layo lamakomanisi (kamva umchasi), iChina kaMao Zedong.
Emaphethelweni ento eyayibizwa ngokuba โliLizwe leSithathuโ - nokuba kuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia ngexesha nasemva kwayo Imfazwe yaseVietnam eyintlekele or eIran emva kowe-1979 - Amandla aseMelika ahlala ngokwaneleyo afika kwi-cropper ngeendlela ezikhumbulekayo. Sekunjalo, ngaloo minyaka, kwiplanethi emalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-25,000 kumjikelezo, iWashington ngokuqinisekileyo yayinokufikelela okuphawulekayo kwaye, ngowe-1991, xa iSoviet Union yanyamalala, kwabonakala ngathi uLuce wayengumprofeti wodidi lokuqala. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, iUnited States njengelona gunya liphezulu lasebukhosini lalinayo-okanye ke, ubuncinci, yabonakala ngalo mzuzu-ishiywe ingenawo amandla amakhulu, hayi enye inamandla amakhulu, njengotshaba kwiplanethi ejonge, ubuncinci. abo baseWashington, ngathi yayiyeyethu ukuba siyithathe. Kwaye eneneni, yithathe kungekudala siza kuzama ukuyenza.
Akumangalisi ke ngoko, ngaloo minyaka, abezopolitiko baseMelika kunye namagosa aphambili azalisa i-airwaves ngokuzincoma kunye nokuzincoma ngento ababethanda ukucinga ngayo njengeyona nto "ekhethekileyo, ""kubalulekile,โ โawona mandla makhuluโ kwesi sijikelezi-langa yaye ngokuqinisekileyo aya kuhlala enjalo ngonaphakade nangemini enye.
Noko ke, ngenye ingqiqo, iingxaki zavela ngoko nangoko. Izinto zazingxamele kakhulu kwindawo yomkhosi-mveliso kwilizwe elalithembisa ukucuthwa kwenkcitho โyokuzikhuselaโ, eyayisaziwa njenge โuxolo isahlulo,โ ngenxa yoloyiso phezu kweSoviet Union, iintshaba kwafuneka zidalwe ngelaphu elipheleleyo. Kwavela ukuba, babesisiseko kumbutho wamandla ehlabathi aseMelika. Ihlabathi elingenabo lalingenakucingeleka okanye, ubuncinci, lingenangxaki ngaphaya kokucinga. Ke ngoko, ukuba luncedo kwe-autocrat yase-Iraq uSaddam Hussein onokuthi athatyathwe phantsi kwiMfazwe yokuqala yeGulf ka-1991.
Mhlawumbi umzekelo weklasi wesidingo esinzima sokudala iintshaba, nangona kunjalo, kuya kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ezayo. Khumbula โiAxis yoBubiโ ibhengezwe (kwaye yagwetywa) nguMongameli George W. Bush kwintetho yakhe kaJanuwari 2002 yeSimo seManyano? Wabiza amazwe amathathuโi-Iran, i-Iraq, ne-North Koreaโawayengenayo nencinci indlela yokwenzakalisa i-U.S. (โIilizwe ezifana nezi, namahlakani abo abanqolobi,โ watsho umongameli, โzibandakanya ububi, obuxhobela imfazwe. Ngokufuna izixhobo ezitshabalalisayo, aba rhulumente babangela ingozi enkulu neyandayo.Banokubonelela ngezi zixhobo kubanqolobi, bebanika iindlela zokuhambelana nentiyo yabo. eUnited States.Nakweyiphi na kwezi meko, ixabiso lokungakhathali linokuba yintlekele.โ) Kakade ke, oku, ngokuyinxenye, kwakusekelwe kwibango lokuba iIraq isenokuba nayo kanye ezo zixhobo zitshabalalisayo (ayizange ibe nayo!) ukuba, nayo, ikulungele ukubanika amaqela abagrogrisi ukuba ahlasele iU.S. Obo buxoki yayiza kuba yinxalenye yesiseko sohlaselo lwelo lizwe kunyaka olandelayo.
Kucinge konke oku njengolona hlobo lungaqhelekanga lokuphelelwa lithemba okuvela kumagunya amakhulu awayebonakala enako konke. Kwaye umphumo, ewe, emva kokuba u-Osama bin Laden eqalise eyakhe amandla omoya kwaye ezo 19 ikakhulu abaqweqwedisi baseSaudi ngokuchasene neNew York kunye neWashington ngoSeptemba 11, 2001, yayiyiMfazwe yeHlabathi yoBugrogrisi, eya kuthi kungekudala ibonakalise intlekele ezenzele yona, ezenzele yona.
Okanye cinga ngenye indlela, xa ucinga ngekamva lobukhosi baseMelika kunye nesi sijikelezi-langa: abasebenzi ababebaleka eWashington (kunye nomkhosi wase-US) emva koko bangqina-njengoko bekuya kuba yinyani kumashumi amabini eminyaka yokuqala yenkulungwane yamashumi amabini ananye - abakwazi ukufunda nezona zifundo zisisiseko zembali kwakufuneka zinike. Ngapha koko, kuphela ishumi leminyaka emva kokuwa kweSoviet Union, ngenxa yoko inkokeli yayo yayibiza ngokuba โinxeba elophayo, "Imfazwe embi e-Afghanistan apho uMkhosi oBomvu waphazamiseka ngokungapheliyo, ulawulo lwaseBush lwaluza kusungula imfazwe yalo eyintlekele e-Afghanistan apho yayiza kuba khona - ewe, ingenasiphelo. Kwaba ngathi eli lizwe, ngexesha lalo loloyiso, alinakuzinceda kodwa lithathe indlela yaseSoviet eya kwixesha elizayo, leyo isiya ekuphumeni.
Iimfazwe ezibandayo kunye neemfazwe ezishushu
NgoNovemba ka-2021, kumashumi amathathu eminyaka emva kokufakwa kweSoviet Union, akukho mntu unokuphinda acinge ukuba umbono onjalo woloyiso kunye nempumelelo ezayo ubambe iinyani zeli lizwe okanye kule nkulungwane. Ukufika kukaDonald Trump kwi-White House kwiminyaka emihlanu ngaphambili yayiyeyona bungqina bubonakalayo baloo nto.
Kunzima ukucinga namhlanje ukuba wayengeyena owona mveliso wekhulu laseMelika, umyalezo onyanisekileyo ovela kuthi kunye nehlabathi lonke. Waye, emva kwayo yonke loo nto, indoda eyathi, kwisilogeni sakhe esiphambili ngo-2016 njengowokuqala kweli lizwe. umgqatswa olahlisiweyo kumongameli - "Yenza iMelika ibe nkulu kwakhona" (MAGA) - iphakamise ukuba sele iphelile ixesha elithile xa ifika kweli lizwe ngumdlali wokuqala kwimbali. Eneneni, wayekhohlelelwe yinkqubo yolawulo-melo sele kulwakhiwo. Wangena e-ofisini enganeli nje kubanga ukuba inkqubo yaseMelika yayibubuqhophololo, kodwa iphulukene nokuqala kwayo. kwaye ubukhulu bayo. Ukuphendula loo myalezo, abantu abaninzi baseMelika abavakalelwa kukuba nabo, balahlekelwe yindlela yabo, ukuba, ngokwenene, batyunyuzwa yimbali, bamvotela. Kwiminyaka nje emine kwiOfisi ye-Oval, wayeza kuzisa imvakalelo yokwenyani yekhaya lotshaba ngendlela entsha neyothusayo, edala ilizwe apho utshaba lwalungaseMelika ngokucacileyo kwaye kwakufuneka lubhukuqwe.
Ubume be-topsy-turvy yenguqulo yeTrumpian yenkulungwane yaseMelika yinto kweli lizwe - kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ulawulo lweBiden - alukafiki ngokupheleleyo. Kangangamashumi eminyaka, ngenene besikhokele ihlabathi liphela kwaye yile nto ebesibakhokelela kuyo: ithiyori iyelenqe lembali (phantse naliphi na ithiyori yelenqe ofuna ukuyikhankanya), unyulo โlobuqhophololoโ ngoku lugxekwa ngonaphakade nguDonald Trump. , i ukuzama ubhukuqo-mbuso kaJanuwari 6, Iqela leRiphabhlikhi eliye laba yinkcaso evela esihogweni, iplanethi apho iinkampani zamafutha efosili (ehlala eMelika) zazisazi kumashumi eminyaka eyadlulayo. kanye oko kwakusenzeka kunye nemozulu kwaye batyala imali yabo eyongezelelweyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba abanye abantu baseMelika abazange benze njalo, kwaye ... kodwa kutheni kuqhubeka? Ukuba awububoni ubunzulu kunye nobunyani beli bali leXesha laseMelika, khawubuze nje Joe Manchin.
Kumashumi eminyaka okugqibela kubonakala ngathi lixesha apho abezopolitiko beli lizwe bengenakuvumelana ngento, kubandakanya nendlela yokugcina abantu baseMelika bekhuselekile ngexesha lobhubhani. Jonga i ENew York Times I-Covid-19 โiindawo ezixhaphakileyo zehlabathiโ imephu kwaye, kwezi nyanga zokugqibela, kujongeka njengokuphindaphinda kweMfazwe Yomlomo, ekubeni i-US kunye neRussia zezona "indawo" ezinkulu zokufa kunye nentshabalalo kwiplanethi, nganye inombala obomvu wasendle. Yicinge njengohlobo olutsha lwemfazwe eshushu.
Kwaye akumangalisi kancinci kukubhideka kwayo yonke loo nto. Ndithetha ukuthi, thetha ngamandla amakhulu angqineke engakwazi ukufunda kwimbali! Ukuphendula ekubulaweni kwabantu baseMelika abangama-3,000 ngo-9/11- kwaye khumbula ukuba, into efana ne-3,000 yaseMelika yayixhelwa rhoqo ngeentsuku ezimbini uninzi lwalo nyaka enkosi, ngokuyinxenye, ubunkokeli obubulalayo yamanani ahlukeneyo kaTrumpian kulo mzuzu ubhubhane - elona gunya likhulu elakha lagqiba kwelokuba ekuphela kwempendulo enokucingelwa ngo-9/11 yayikukusungula eyakhe imfazwe e-Afghanistan. Enkosi, eSoviet Union, ngomzekelo wakho (ndingathethi ngawo umzekelo wethu eVietnam emva xa)! Kwaye ewe, kwiminyaka engama-20 kamva, kwiplanethi ezaliswe kakhulu ngamaqela amaSilamsi anqongopheleyo kunokuba ibonakale icingelwa kancinci ngoSeptemba 11, 2001, ukusilela lelinye igama elithi "imfazwe ebandayo entsha. "
Owu, ewe, ngo-2021, ngokwenene kukho elinye amandla anyukayo kwesi sijikelezi-langa, kuyafuneka ukuba silungelelanise ngokuchasene nako konke ungxamiseko olufanelekileyo-okanye ke abalawuli beBiden kunye nomkhosi wase-US bangathanda ukuba sikholwe. Kwaye hayi, andicingi ngamandla obushushu obukhawulezayo bemozulu, obusongela ukuthabatha ikhulu leminyaka nabani na. Ndicinga, kunjalo, malunga neTshayina.
INguqulo ePhakamileyo ka-1991
Njengoko sisiya kumashumi amabini eminyaka okugqibela exesha laseMelika lonke elaxelwa kwangaphambili nguLuce, cinga ngoku: INkulungwane yaseMelika ibe yintlekele yomyalelo wokuqala. Ekuvukeni kweSoviet Union, i-US yagqiba ekubeni ibuyisele umhlaba kwaye yenza njalo-ubuncinci ngengqiqo yokuvumela utshintsho lwemozulu ukuba luqhube udushe kwiPlanethi yoMhlaba-ngelixa, kwinkqubo, izenza.
Ke, iminyaka engama-80 emva kokuba uHenry Luce ebhengeze ubukho bayo, wamkelekile ngokwenene kwiNkulungwane yaseMelika, okanye endaweni yoko kwisijikelezi-langa esonyukayo sobubi esisishiye sikhona. Wamkelekile kwi iminyaka yeebhiliyoni (enokuthi enye imini ibone okokuqala isigidigidi); kumanqanaba e ukungalingani okuphelelwe lithemba oko bekukhe kube yinto engenakucingelwa apha; ukuya ukufa okukhulu ngenxa yendyikityha yesihogo elawulwa kakubi ngamadoda asebenzayo ababulali; kunye nekamva esihogweni ngokoqobo ukuba, ngaphandle kohlobo ukuhlanganisa imfazwe UJoe Manchin phakathi kwabanye uqinisekisa ukuba ayisoze yenzeke, kungekudala uza kugubungela eli lizwe kunye neplanethi eyayithetha ukulawula kwintlekele yemozulu.
Ngokunyaniseka, ngaba inkulungwane yamaTshayina-ayikuko ukuba inokwenzeka, inikwe indlela ihlabathi elihamba ngayo-inokuba mandundu? Akunyanzelekanga nokuba ulishiye eli lizwe uye eAfghanistan, eIraq, Somaliya, okanye iYemen ukugweba loo mbuzo kwakhona.
Kwaye ngelishwa, eyona nto inye abaphumeleleyo ngo-1991 bavumelana ngayo - kwaye abezopolitiko baseMelika abakaze batshintshe iingqondo zabo, nokuba ziziphi iimfazwe zethu - mali Isakhiwo sezomkhosi-semizi-mveliso ngendlela ebebengenakuze baxhase ngayo ngezimali ukuxhasa impilo yabantu okanye ukuyekiswa kokutshintsha kwemozulu. Lo mnqweno wokulahla iidola zabarhafi kumatshini wemfazwe waseMelika, ngaphandle kokusilela emva kokusilela emfazweni emva kwemfazwe, uye zange agxothwe. Ihlala ingaphezulu okanye ingaphantsi kweyona nto kuphela i-demokhrasi ye-Congressional kunye namaRiphabhlikhi anokuvumelana ngayo - loo nto kunye nesidingo sotshaba oluzilungiselele ngokungapheliyo ukulwa.
Kwaye ngoku, ewe, amandla obukhosi ebengenakubakho ngaphandle kweentshaba ezinjalo kwaye ayishiyile i-Afghanistan kunye nayo yonke iMfazwe yayo yoBugrogrisi (nangona uqhankqalazo lwedrone) ubukhulu becala, ikwinkqubo yokudala utshaba lwayo olutsha lwexesha elitsha: iTshayina. Cinga nge imfazwe ebandayo entsha ukuba ulawulo lweBiden (njengolawulo lukaTrump ngaphambi kwayo) beluqhubela phambili njengoko u-1991 wajika wajonga phantsi xa kufikwa kutshaba. Owona mzuzu wokugqibela woloyiso lwaseMelika emva koko wokuphelelwa lithemba bobabini babedinga iintshaba zabo ezikude, indawo ehlala ixhaswa ngemali yezomkhosi-kwimizi-mveliso-yenkomfa, kunye nangakumbi "Ukuphuculaโ yenyukliya indlu yezixhobo zemfazwe.
Owu, i-hubris yayo yonke loo nto. Sasililizwe eliza kwenza ihlabathi kwakhona ngokomfanekiso wethu. Siza kuzisa "inkululeko" kunye "nedemokhrasi" kuma-Afghans kunye nama-Iraqis, phakathi kwabanye, kunye nozuko kulo mhlaba. Ekugqibeleni, ewe, sabazisa kancinci kodwa intlungu, Ukufuduswa, yaye ukufa, ngelixa izisa idemokhrasi yaseMelika ngokwayo, kunye nazo zonke iintsilelo zayo, kumda we-autocratic yesihogo kwihlabathi "lobuqhetseba" lonyulo kunye ii-coupsters ezininzi.
Ngoku, kubonakala ngathi, ngokwenene siphila ekupheleni kweNkulungwane yaseMelika kwihlabathi elidalile. Ngubani ongayicinga?
I-copyright 2021 uTom Engelhardt
UTom Engelhardt udale kwaye uqhuba iwebhusayithi TomDispatch.com, apho eli nqaku laqala khona. Ukwangumseki we Iprojekthi yoBukumkani baseMelika kunye nombhali wembali edunyiswa kakhulu yoloyiso lwaseMelika kwiMfazwe ebandayo, Ukuphela kweNkcubeko yokuNqoba. Umntu we Chwetheza iZiko leMithombo yeendaba, incwadi yakhe yesithandathu neyamva nje ithi Uhlanga olungagqitywanga yimfazwe.
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