Yintoni esinokuyifunda kumkhosi omtsha kwi-United Auto Workers (UAW)?
Esinye isifundo sesokuba amandla obulungu akunyanzelekanga ukuba aqale kubukhulu obukhulu; ayinakwenzeka loo nto. Amalungu e-UAW a kugwayimbo namhlanje, enamanqanaba akhuthazayo we amandla enqanaba kunye nefayile, kuba kwiminyaka emine eyadlulayo iqaqobana lamatsha-ntliziyo laseka icaucus entsha yohlaziyo. Lo mbutho, Manyanise Bonke Abasebenzi beDemokhrasi (UAWD), ngokukhalipha wasebenzisa ithuba elingalindelekanga, waququzelelwa njengegeza, waphumelela unyulo, waqhubeleka nokukhokela umanyano. Umongameli wabo wezizwe ngezizwe uhlala ewubethelela umyalezo wokuba umlo we-UAW woku kuwa ngumlo wabo bonke abasebenzi.
Ukuba i-UAWD ibingekho kwaye iququzelele nzima, lo mlo wangoku onamandla kakhulu wokutshintsha iintambo zentshukumo yonke yabasebenzi ngekhe yenzeke. Phezulu, i-UAW izakuba lumanyano lwamashishini olubi kakhulu, olunenjongo yokuthethathethana a ikhontrakthi ephantsi (mhlawumbi nge Uqhankqalazo lwe-BS), kwaye amalungu aya kuba sebumnyameni.
Xa iSebe lezoBulungisa waqala ukuphanda I-UAW yorhwaphilizo, amatshantliziyo ambalwa amadala abona ukuvulwa. Ngo-2019, baseka i-UAWD kwaye baqala iphulo - elalibonakala lixakile ngelo xesha - lokutshintsha umgaqo-siseko we-UAW ukuze amalungu avote ngokuthe ngqo kumagosa aphezulu. Ukususela ekusekweni kwalo mbutho ngeminyaka yee-1930, iindwendwe zendibano zazikhethe amagosa. Ukususela ngeminyaka yee-1940 ukuza kuthi ga kulo nyaka iindibano bezilawulwa ngokuqinileyo ngabo babizwa ngokufanelekileyo ICaucus yoLawulo, yasekwa nguWalter Reuther. Inkqubo yokulungisa umgaqo-siseko yi-Byzantine, kodwa ngexesha elifutshane i-UAWD yaba ukusondela kwiinjongo zayo yokufumana ishumi elinesihlanu elifunekayo lasekuhlaleni elimele amalungu angama-79,000 ukuba abize indibano ekhethekileyo. Emva koko i-COVID-19 yabetha, irhoxisa iintlanganiso zemanyano yasekhaya kunye nokuvala izityalo.
I-UAWD yaphinda yaqhama, nangona kunjalo, kwaye kungekudala yazisa izimvo zayo kwiSebe lezoBulungisa: indlela yokuphelisa urhwaphilizo yayikukuvumela amalungu ukuba avote. Oku kwakufana nokuthathwa yi-Teamsters ye-Democratic Union (TDU) kwiminyaka yoo-1980, xa umanyano wabo wawuphantsi kophando. I-TDU yakhaba ingcamango yokuthathwa kwe-federal, njengoko abaninzi kurhulumente babeyikhuthazile, kwaye endaweni yoko: mayeke amalungu athathe isigqibo. Iifedi zigunyazise ivoti yenqanaba kunye nefayile, uRon Carey wonyulwa njengomongameli ngenkxaso ye-TDU, kwaye uqhubekile nokukhokela edume ngokumangalisayo kunye nempumelelo. ugwayimbo kwi 1997.
Ekugqibeleni iSebe lezoBulungisa elibeke iliso lathi liza kuvumela amalungu e-UAW ukuba athathe isigqibo sokuba ayafuna na ukwenza isigqibo. Ekwindla ngo-2021, bavotele ukuba bagcine inkqubo yendibano endala okanye batshintshele kwivoti yelungu elinye. I-turnout yayilula - kuphela i-14 yepesenti yamalungu angama-400,000 kunye nama-600,000 adla umhlala phantsi, ebonisa zombini iqondo eliphezulu lokugxeka amalungu kunye nemeko elusizi yencwadi yeedilesi zombutho - kodwa ukhetho oluthe ngqo lonyulo. won nge 63.6 ekhulwini.
I-Administration Caucus, ngelo xesha isaqhuba umanyano, yazama ukwenza ngathi ivoti ayenzeki, kodwa i-UAWD yakhankasa ngamandla, amalungu esakha uluhlu loqhagamshelwano, ehambisa amaphecana, ebhankini ngemfonomfono, ethetha noogxa bakhe kunye namajelo eendaba, efumana izibhambathiso ezityikityiweyo, esenza. imidiya yoluntu, kunye nokubamba imicimbi ye-intanethi. Baye bafumana amalungu e-UAWD onyulwe njengabathunywa bendibano kwaye bakwazi ukuyijika Indibano yowe-2022 ukusuka kumsitho wokusnuza kunye nesitampu serabha ukuya kwindawo yengxoxo. Ingqungquthela inyuse intlawulo yogwayimbo kwaye yaqala ngomhla wokuqala wogwayimbo endaweni yolwesibhozo - iqinisekisa ukuba ingxowa-mali yogwayimbo ye-800 yezigidi zeerandi ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza isigqibo sogwayimbo oluncinci kumalungu.
I-UAWD, ngeli xesha ibandakanya abasebenzi basefektri kunye namalungu asuka kwimanyano yabahlali abatsha abakumgangatho ophezulu, emva koko yonyula abantu abasixhenxe kwisileyiti esibizwa. Amalungu e-UAW aManyene ukubaleka amalungu alishumi elinesine ebhodi yesigqeba. Kwakhona amalungu akhankasela ngamandla, ethatha uhambo olujikeleze iMidwest kwaye ebambe iminyhadala yeZoom ukongeza kuwo onke amanye amaqhinga. I-Administration Caucus, eqhele ukulawula ngokupheleleyo phantse iminyaka engamashumi asibhozo, ayizange iyithathele ingqalelo isoyikiso se-UAWD. Xa amalungu avota ekwindla ngo-2022, kusekho inani eliphantsi kakhulu labavotileyo, abagqatswa abahlanu abangamaLungu eUnited kunye nomnye ozimeleyo onobubele. banyulwa ngokupheleleyo kunye nabanye ababini, kuquka umgqatswa wobumongameli uShawn Fain, baye kugqatso.
Ngeli xesha, i-Administration Caucus yavuka kwaye yaphosa yonke into eyayinayo ukuba ibambelele kumongameli. Fain ekugqibeleni wonyulwa ngomda omncinci ngoMatshi ka-2023 kwaye wafunga kwiiyure nje ezimbalwa phambi kwendibano yengxoxo ecwangcisiweyo yomanyano.
Ukholo kuMalungu
I-UAWD ayimelanga ubukhulu bamalungu kwaye sisininzi esingenanto sabo bavotileyo. Ukanti uFain namahlakani akhe ebhodini nakwinqanaba nakwifayile bakholelwa ukuba banokuphumelela kwaye bavule amalungu ebengabandakanyekanga, ethandabuza, okanye ephelelwe lithemba malunga nomanyano lwawo. Uninzi aluzange lube yinxalenye ye-UAW xa kwakuvakala kakhulu ukuza entlanganisweni.
Ke, ngaphandle kobumdaka obunzulu kwikomkhulu lomanyano kunye nenyaniso yokuba amagosa asekuhlaleni ayephantse adityaniswa ngokufanayo kunye neCaucus yoLawulo, baqalisa ukusebenza kwiphulo lekhontrakthi - amakhadi esibambiso sogwayimbo, baziqhelanise nokhetho, unxibelelwano oluninzi, imithombo yeendaba eninzi - eyakhayo. kuqhankqalazo oluqale kwiveki ephelileyo. Nangona uninzi lwabo lwalumbalwa, balithabatha nzulu igunya labo baza batyhalela phambili ekwenzeni oko babekuthembisile.
Iziphumo ziye zamangalisa. Amalungu kwiBig Three, nokuba ivotele i-UAWD okanye akukho bani, ayavuya kuba umongameli wabo wabelana ngeemfuno zomanyano, ukuthetha nabo rhoqo nge-Facebook Live (kwaye uphendule ngexesha lokwenyani kwizimvo kwingxoxo), kwaye ubiza ii-CEO ezenza ukuya kuthi ga kwi-14,000 yeedola ngeyure, ngolwimi lomzabalazo weklasi alufane luviwe ngaphandle kwendibano kaBernie Sanders. Uchulumanco kwimigca yepicket kunye nobuchule be izilogeni kunye namaqhinga amalungu ayilwayo akabonwa kumanyano kumashumi eminyaka emininzi. Amalungu aphinde afumanisa intlonipho kumanyano lwawo kunye neziqu zawo njengabasebenzi bezithuthi kunye namalungu emanyano.
Abanye abenzi bobuchule bombutho bathetha kuphela kumagosa akhoyo, beyibekela ecaleni into yokuba uninzi lwamagosa anyuliweyo abanamdla ekutshintsheni iindlela zabo. Amagosa amaninzi, kwezinye iimanyano zamagosa, kufuneka atshintshwe, kwaye oko kwenzeka kuphela ngezikhundla kunye neefayili eziququzelela ukwenza oko - ngokuqhelekileyo inkqubo ecothayo (i-TDU yasekwa ngo-1976). UFain kunye nobunkokeli obutsha obuxhaswa yi-UAWD bufumene amandla ngokuya ngqo kumalungu enqanaba kunye nefayile, beququzelela iinkokeli zasekhaya ezisaxhasa iCaucus yoLawulo.
Bamba ixesha
Oko kuzisa isifundo sesibini, esokuba abasebenzi babambe ithuba labo nokuba abakalungeli ngokupheleleyo. Kwihlabathi eligqibeleleyo, i-UAWD ibiya kuba ikhulile ukutyhubela iminyaka ukumela uninzi lwamalungu alungelelaniswe kakuhle, izibonakalise ngokuziqhelanisa kwinqanaba lendawo. Endaweni yoko, uphando lorhwaphilizo olungacwangciswanga, olwaqalwa ngexesha leminyaka kaDonald Trump, lwatshintsha yonke into.
Isifundo sesithathu, ke, sinokuba kufanelekile ukugcina intlantsi yohlaziyo iphila nokuba incinci. Abanye babasunguli be-UAWD babeyinxalenye ye-Autoworker Caravan, iqela elisekelwe kwi-2008 ukuphendula kwi-Chrysler bankruptcy. Ikharavani ayizange ibe nkulu - ngamanye amaxesha itsala abantu abaninzi abadla umhlala phantsi kunamalungu asebenzayo - kodwa yayihlalutya izivumelwano, iphazamise ukuba ivotele phantsi, kwaye isasaze ulwazi. Ezinye zeenkokeli zayo beziyinxalenye yamaqela obusoshiyali โukujika kushishinoโ ngeminyaka yoo-1970. Kwaye iKharavani iye yabandakanya amagqala e New Directions Movement yeminyaka yee-1980, eyayinabasebenzi basefektri abafake amazimba (ingakumbi eMissouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, naseTexas) kodwa ekugqibeleni yabethwa yi-Administration Caucus. Ezinye iinkokeli ze-UAWD namhlanje zibuyela emva ukuya kuthi ga kwiiNdlela eziNtsha. Iipolitiki zohlaziyo lwemibutho zagcinwa ziphila naxa amathemba ayemfiliba.
Ngoku i-UAWD inceda abasebenzi ukuba baphuhle babe ngabaququzeleli. Ibabonisile indlela yokufowuna iintlanganiso zemizuzu elishumi kwizityalo zabo kunye nendlela yokulungelelanisa iipikethi zokuziqhelanisa, flying squadrons, kunye ukwala ixesha elongezelelekileyo. Iinkokeli zazi kakuhle ukuba nangona uloyiso olukhulu lokuphumelela encotsheni, umsebenzi wabo wokuguqula umanyano usaqala. Sinokufunda kwi-UAWD ukuba siwubamba njani lo mzuzu. Iingxoxo zohlaziyo ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeqhinga eliphumelelayo labasebenzi.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela