Ngomhla woku-01 kweyeKhala, iBurundi iza kube ibhiyozela inkululeko yayo ka-1962 kuma-Belgians, kwaye ngeli xesha iza kube iqwalasela olu suku lumangalisayo ihlabathi liphela liya kuba nethemba loxolo oluhlala luhleli lweminyaka elishumi yemfazwe yamakhaya edlakaze elo lizwe, ishiya. ngaphezu kwe-300 000 efile kunye nabantu abangaphezu kwesigidi, ngokutsho kwe-UN, bafuduke ngaphakathi okanye abahlala ngaphandle njengeembacu.
Imfazwe yamakhaya eyaqalwa kukubulawa kukaMelchior Ndadaye ngo-1993 โ umongameli wokuqala welizwe wedemokhrasi, yaphela ngokusesikweni emva kwesivumelwano soxolo esasiququzelelwa ngongasekhoyo umongameli waseTanzania u-Mwalim Julius Nyerere kunye nowayesakuba ngumongameli waseMzantsi Afrika. umongameli uNelson Mandela. Ibizwa ngokuba รขโฌลIsivumelwano sase-Arushaรขโฌ , inkqubo yoxolo yadibanisa amaqela ali-19 amaHutu namaTutsi kwiinzame zokuphelisa ungquzulwano lweminyaka emithathu, kwaye ibandakanya imephu yendlela yeminyaka emithathu yoxolo kunye nokubuyiselwa kwedemokhrasi kwelo lizwe.
Yiyo loo nto umhla we-01 kuMeyi wawubalulekile kubantu baseBurundi, kuba uphawule indawo esembindini yokuphunyezwa kwesivumelwano soxolo esatyikitywa ngo-Agasti ka-2000 รขโฌโ ukutshintshwa kobongameli ukusuka kwigcuntswana lamaTutsi ukuya kwisininzi samaHutu. Kwilizwe elinabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezisi-7 zokuhombisa ii-baHutu kubantu abangama-85 ekhulwini yaye amaBatutsi ali-15 ekhulwini. Ukususela ekufumaneni inkululeko yaseBurundi, kunikelwa ingxelo yokuba iqaqobana elincinane elivela kumaTutsi liye lasebenzisa ulawulo lomkhosi ukuze lilawule urhulumente. Umkhosi ubunjwe ngama-40 ekhulwini amaHutu ngoxa phantse onke amagosa engamaTutsi. Ngapha koko, ukubulawa kukaNdadaye ngo-1993, umongameli wokuqala ongumHutu kwelo lizwe kukholelwa ukuba kwenziwa ngamajoni angamaTutsi.
Ukubekwa ngokusesikweni kukaDomitien Ndayizeye, osuka kwiFront pour la Democratie au Burundi (Frodebu), ngomhla we-01 kuCanzibe usebenza njengesihlandlo sesibini, ukusukela oko inkululeko, umHutu ethatha isikhundla sokuba ngumongameli eBurundi, utshintsho lwezopolitiko olugqalwa njengolunoburhalarhume. kunye nenyathelo elikhulu eliya phambili kwinkqubo yoxolo ngabakhi-mkhanyo.
UNdayizele uthatha ezihlangwini zikaPierre Buyoya, umTutsi, nothe, ngokwesivumelwano, walawula iinyanga ezilishumi elinesibhozo ukususela ngoNovemba ka-18. Usekela Ndayizele nguAlphonse Marie Kadege, umTutsi, ophuma kwi-Union pour le progress national party (UPRONA). kwaye omabini aza kuqhuba ilizwe kangangeenyanga ezili-2001 phambi kokuba kuqhutywe unyulo.
Ingaphezulu kweshumi imibutho yezopolitiko ekulindeleke ukuba ithathe inxaxheba kolu lonyulo. Phakathi kwezinye zezi: Frodebu, UPRONA, Alliance burundaise-africaine pour le salut (ABASA) kunye neRassemblement pour la democratie et le development economique et social (RADDES).
Nangona kunjalo, kukho ithemba lokuba phambi kokuba kuqhutywe unyulo umlo phakathi kukarhulumente nabavukeli. EBurundi, kukho amaqela amabini amakhulu abavukeli, yaye ahlulahlulwe aba ngamaqela amakhulu namancinane.
Eyona inkulu yiConseil national pour la defence de la democratie-Force pour la defence de la democratize (CNDD-FDD) รขโฌโ enamacandelo amabini. UPierre Nkurunziza yinkokeli yeqela elikhulu; UJean Bosco Ndayikengerukiye ukhokela iqela elincinane.
I-Parti pour la liberation du people hutu-Forces nationals de liberation (PALIPEHUTU-FNL) nayo yohlulwe yangamaqela amabini. U-Agathon Rwasa ukhokela iqela elikhulu, kwaye uAlain Mugarabona ukhokela iqela elincinci.
Nangona isivumelwano sokuphelisa imfazwe satyikitywa ngurhulumente nabavukeli kunyaka ophelileyo kweyoMnga, kukho iingxelo zokuba umlo usaqhuba eBurundi.
Kwinyanga nje edlulileyo รขโฌโ kuCanzibe, malunga ne-12 000 yabantu kwiPhondo laseBubanza, kumntla-ntshona weBurundi kuxelwe ukuba bawabalekile amakhaya abo, kuba umkhosi uqalise ukuhlasela i-CNDD-FDD. Isikhululo sikanomathotholo sasekuhlaleni, iRadio Publique Africaine , ngokutsho kwe-arhente yeendaba yeZizwe eziManyeneyo, i-IRIN, ibike ukuba phakathi kwe-15 000 kunye ne-20 000 abantu babalekile emva kokulwa okwaqhambuka ngomhla we-22 ngoMeyi phakathi komkhosi kunye nabavukeli beqela le-PALIPEHUTU-FNL lika-Alain Mugabarabona eKabezi Commune . โ Iikhilomitha ezingama-20 kumazantsi ekomkhulu. EMasama, eGitenga, eMwaza naseKiremba iinduli zeKabezi Commune kwiphondo laseBujumbura emaphandleni, abanye abangama-20 000 babalekile kulandela umlo phakathi kukarhulumente kunye neqela le-PALIPEHUTU-FNL le-Agathon Rwasa.
Utshintsho lwamandla olwenzeka ngomhla woku-01 kuCanzibe lwachithwa ngawo omabini amaqela abavukeli njengengabalulekanga. Isithethi seCNDD-FDD, uGelase Ndabirabe uyibeke yacaca: รขโฌลoku akunantsingiselo, simemelela abantu baseBurundi ukuba bangaphazanyiswa ngumsitho.รขโฌ Inkokeli yeqela elikhulu le-CNDD-FDD, uPierre UNkurunziza, uye wade wafuna โimvumelwano entsha yenguquโ endaweni yeSivumelwano esikhoyo sase-Arusha sokuba uxolo lubuyiselwe eBurundi.
Uyaqonda, le mfazwe ayithethi nje ngokuba amadoda aphambeneyo asilwe phaya endle. UKofi Annan uchonge iBurundi kwingxelo yakhe kaDisemba ka-2002 kwibhunga lezoKhuseleko le-UN, njengelinye lamazwe amahlanu anongquzulwano kwihlabathi liphela apho abantwana babesetyenziswa njengamajoni. I-NGO yezizwe ngezizwe: iSave the Children, ilinganise iBurundi, kubandakanywa neDemocratic Republic of Congo, njengenye yeendawo ezintlanu zongquzulwano ezibi kakhulu kwihlabathi ukuba ngumfazi okanye umntwana.
Iinkokeli zethu ezihlonitshwa lihlabathi nangona kunjalo ziyahlekisa nje ezi nyaniso. Abagxeki banikwa amagama athi: รขโฌลabaprofeti bentshabalaloรขโฌ ukuze banciphise ukunganyaniseki kwabo kunye neengxoxo zabo zitshitshiswe ngayo nayiphi na indlela eyimfuneko. Ndicaphula uNelson Mandela: โAbaprofeti bentshabalalo babebaninzi kwaye basahleli phakathi kwethu.โ Xa wayesenza le ngxelo kumsitho wonikezelo andizange ndikwazi ukuzibamba ndacinga ukuba mhlawumbi akadibananga nenyani. Abanye baye bamtyhola ngokwenza lula imeko yaseBurundi ngokujongana nayo ngokungathi wayejongene nolawulo localucalulo.
Iingxaki zoqoqosho zeli lizwe ngomnye umba omkhulu onegalelo kubume bemicimbi yaseBurundi. Iingxelo zidiza ukuba imfazwe yamakhaya ethabathe iminyaka eli-10 iye yalehlisa ilizwe ekubeni lelesithathu ilizwe elihlwempuzekileyo kwihlabathi. Okona kukhwankqisa nangakumbi kukuba, urhulumente uxhomekeke kwiirhafu azifumana ekusetyenzisweni kwebhiya ngaphezu kwama-50 ekhulwini engeniso yakhe yonyaka.
Ekuqaleni kwenyanga edlulileyo, i-IMF, eye yaba liziko elimele intlupheko kwabaninzi, yavuma ukuba iBurundi inokufumana imali kwi-US $ 13-million credit for post-conflict aid. Ngokungamangalisiyo, akukho nto yathethwayo eluntwini malunga nemitya eqhotyoshelwe kwesi sikimu soncedo lwemali.
Ngaphandle nje kokuvuma ukuba nenxaxheba ekumiseleni isiseko songquzulwano lobuzwe obuqhubeka kwelo lizwe ngaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amathandathu eshiye izigidi zabantu zibhubhile, urhulumente waseBelgium wenze isibhambathiso esimalunga ne-R7,5 yezigidi (iidola ezingama-60 ezigidi) kumkhosi waseAfrika ogcina uxolo. .
Ekugqibeleni, amaBelgium abonakalise, kanye kunye, ukuba iimfazwe zaseAfrika ezibizwa ngokuba ziimfazwe zezizwe azikho ngokobuhlanga emva kwayo yonke into. Ukuba kwezi รขโฌลiimfazweรขโฌ kusoloko kukho ibutho lesithathu elidlalayo, ngaphezu koko, ukuba i-ethnocentrism asiyonto yendalo yamaAfrika.
Oko kufuneka abantu baseBurundi bazixhalabise ngoku asiyomibandela nje engenamsebenzi efana neyantlukwano yobuhlanga, kukho ilizwe ekufuneka lakhiwe ngokutsha, inkqubo yezoqoqosho ekufuneka iyilwe ngabemi baseBurundi ukwenzela abemi baseBurundi. Kwaye ayilwanga yi-IMF ukwenzela abantu baseBurundi, njengoko u-Eduardo Aninat we-IMF ebonisile. Ucatshulwe esithi iNgxowa-mali (i-US $ 13-million credit) ikulungele ukuqwalasela inkxaso yemali eyongezelelweyo yeBurundi, ngokuxhomekeke ekuphunyezweni okuqinileyo kwenkqubo. Umntu angacinga emva kwentlekele yoqoqosho lwase-Argentina i-IMF ingathandabuzi ukuthetha โngokuphunyezwa kwenkqubo eyomeleleyoโ, nokuba iyeke kwaye iyeke ukutyhalela phambili kwii-ajenda zayo zongxowankulu kubantu behlabathi.
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Nikela