“Ukhenketho lweTsunami” ligama alinike iqhula uBeppe Grillo kwiintlanganiso zakhe zonyulo ezazalisa iipiazzas kwilizwe lonke ngamashumi amawaka 'ababukeli'. Ngoku i-tsunami yonyulo iye yanyikimisa kakuhle kwaye ngokwenene inkqubo yezopolitiko yase-Italiyane kunye ne-Grillo's 5 Star Movement, engazange ibekho kunyulo oludlulileyo, yaba lelona qela likhulu kwindlu esezantsi engaphezulu kwe-25% yevoti. Enye i-25% yabavoti yahlala ekhaya, elona zinga liphezulu lasemva kwemfazwe.
Iziphumo zolonyulo ngomhla wama-24 nowama-25 kweyoMdumba zingumqobo wezopolitiko. Akukho qela okanye ludwe lunesininzi ngokubanzi kwaye lunokwenzeka unyulo olutsha kwakamsinyane. Uluvo lwezimvo lwaluqikelele uloyiso lweDemocratic Party (PD) kwindlu ephantsi kwaye uninzi lwabahlalutyi balindele umanyano lwePD kwi-senate kunye nomanyano lonyulo lwenkulumbuso ephumayo (engakhethwanga), uMario Monti. Nangona kunjalo, unyulo lwayijongela phantsi kakhulu inkxaso ye-5 Star Movement kunye ne-Berlusconi's PDL, ethe, ngokwesiseko seenkqubo zoluntu, yangena kubunzulu nobuxhaphakileyo bokuchasa ubungqongqo kunye neemvakalelo ezichasene nezopolitiko.
Iivoti ze-120,000 nje zahlula inkampu yePD ukusuka kwi-PDL kwindlu ephantsi (iKhamera). I-Centre-Ekhohlo ifumene i-29.5% kwiZiko-eLungelo i-29.2% kodwa i-PD ilahlekelwe malunga namavoti ezigidi ezi-4 xa kuthelekiswa nonyulo lokugqibela kunye ne-PDL ye-6 yezigidi! Nangona iPD njengeqela 'eliphumeleleyo' lizakufumana izihlalo zebhonasi ukuze linike isininzi kwiCamera, ayinakufikelela kuninzi lwezindlu zombini zepalamente, nangona idibene neMonti.
UGrillo uye wakhupha naluphi na umanyano kunye 'nobumbano olukhulu' - ukwamkela uBersani (inkokeli yePD) kunye noBerlusconi - nangona kungenakwenzeka, kunokuzibulala ngokwezopolitiko kwiPD. Ikhadi 'lorhulumente wobuchwephesha' sele lidlalwe kunye norhulumente waseMonti, ngoko ke umbono onokwenzeka ngoku ubonakala ngathi lixesha leengxabano zezopolitiko ezikhokelela ekugqibeleni kolunye unyulo, mhlawumbi emva kotshintsho kumthetho wonyulo, apho inkxaso yezonyulo. 'I-Grillinis' inokukhula ngakumbi.
"Esona siphumo sibi kakhulu" yindlela iWall St Journal echaza ngayo umphumo wonyulo. Iziphumo ziya kuphinda zibuyele ngaphaya kwe-Itali. Ngomhla emva konyulo, ukuwa kwi-Milan stock exchange kwakukhulu kangangokuba ukurhweba kwanqunyanyiswa okwethutyana. Ngexesha elifanayo ukusasazeka (umahluko phakathi kwamazinga enzala kwi-Italian kunye ne-German bond) yaqala ukwanda, iphakamisa kwakhona ithemba lokuphazamiseka kweemarike eYurophu. Ikamva le-Euro ekugqibeleni lingagqitywa hayi eGrisi kodwa e-Itali.
'HAYI' kwi-austerity
Iziphumo zolonyulo zibe kukukhatywa okukhulu kwemigaqo-nkqubo yeMonti yokunciphisa inkcitho yoluntu, ukunyuswa kwerhafu kunye nokuhlaselwa kwamalungelo abasebenzi. IMonti yayibizwa ngokuba 'ngumsindisi wase-Italiya' xa wayethatha indawo kaBerlusconi ngoNovemba ka-2011 kwaye iimarike zaqala ukuzinza emva kweenyanga zokungazinzi kunye nengxaki. Kolu lonyulo wayengumgqatswa waseBrussels, waseMerkel kunye necandelo longxowankulu base-Italiya. Babenoloyiko lokuba urhulumente wePD onesininzi ngokubanzi uza kuba phantsi koxinizelelo lwabasebenzi kunye neemanyano zabasebenzi ukuba barhoxe okanye bacuthe imigaqo-nkqubo yobungqongqo ababeyixhasile phantsi kweMonti. Imanyano yePD/Monti yathathwa njengeyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo yokuqhuba 'i-ajenda yeMonti'. Eli qhinga lasilela kanobom xa umanyano lwaseMonti lufumene nje i-10.5% kwiCamera. Phambi konyulo iireyithingi zikaMonti zaziphezulu kuzo zonke iinkokeli zeqela kodwa oku kwakungenxa yokuba 'wayeyi-technocrat' engeyonxalenye yodidi lwezopolitiko oludelekileyo. Nje ukuba abe “ngomnye wabo”, iintsuku zakhe zibaliwe.
UGrillo kunye ne-5 Star Movement yaba ngabaphumeleleyo bokwenene. Isiqubulo sakhe esithi "tutti a casa" (bathumele bonke bapakishe) sishwankathele ukuzonya kunye nokudelela abantu baseTaliyane abaqhelekileyo abezopolitiko, amaqela amiselweyo kunye nenkqubo yonke yezopolitiko ebolileyo egcwele ubuqhophololo, amahlazo kunye nokuzityebisa ngelixa abantu abasebenzayo bebizwa. ukwenza imibingelelo engakumbi nangakumbi.
Scandals
Iingxelo zokugquma okukhulu kunye nobuqhetseba kwibhanki yesithathu enkulu yase-Italy, i-Monti dei Paschi, yaqhuma ngexesha lokhetho lonyulo, ingcolisa i-PD, abaye badibaniswa ngokwembali kunye nolawulo lwebhanki. Yomeleza imvakalelo enzulu yokuba yonke inkqubo iyanuka. Yonke imihla amaphepha oshicilelo ebenikelwa kumabali oosopolitiki abafumana imbuyekezo yezoqoqosho, imali kawonke-wonke eyenzelwe ukuxhasa ubomi obutofotofo kunye nabalawuli beenkampani (kubandakanywa nomlawuli wenye yezona nkampani zinkulu kunye nezona zidumileyo eItali, iFinmeccanica) ubanjelwe ubuqhophololo norhwaphilizo.
Iivoti ze-Grillo zivela kwi-spectrum yezopolitiko - ukusuka ekunene, ukusuka ekhohlo kunye nakwabo bangenayo imibutho yezopolitiko. "Ndifuna ukubanika ithuba lokukhaba phezulu!" yindlela omnye umvoti aluchaza ngayo ukhetho lwakhe, eshwankathela imo yabaninzi babo bavotele i-5 Star Movement. Kwii-piazzas, uGrillo wakhwaza izilogeni kunye nezandi ezilumayo malunga nokuthintela amandla kunye namalungelo 'ezopolitiko', malunga 'nomvuzo wommi', uhlolo lwe-Euro, iveki esebenza kancinci, ukwenza iibhanki zikazwelonke, kunye nokuphucula. okusingqongileyo, konke oko kwabetha umxhelo wabo banele ngamanxeba nobuqhophololo.
Kukho inkohliso enkulu ekukwazini kweGrillinis ukuyishukumisa inkqubo. Enyanisweni, i-Movement (i-Grillo yenqaba ukuyibiza ngokuba yiqela) ayinayo inkqubo esetyenzisiweyo ekwazi ukusombulula iingxaki zemihla ngemihla zokungabikho kwemisebenzi, imivuzo ephantsi, kunye nokuncipha kweenkonzo zoluntu apho uninzi lwamaTaliyane aqhelekileyo achaphazelekayo. Ayinazo iingcambu zangempela kwiindawo zokusebenza okanye kuluntu, iququzelela ngokuyintloko nge-Intanethi kunye nemidiya yoluntu. UGrillo ngokwakhe wenza isigqibo ngemigaqo-nkqubo kunye namaqhinga ngendlela engaqhelekanga, ngaphandle kwe-cuff ngaphandle kwengcaciso okanye ukuqonda ukuba loo migaqo-nkqubo inokuphunyezwa njani ekusebenzeni. 'Iindlavini' zakhe zibhidekile kwaye azifani.
UGrillo unendawo engaqondakaliyo ngokubhekisele kwicala lasekunene kunye nokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe. Ngexesha lephulo wathetha "ngokuphelisa" imibutho yabasebenzi nangona ephinde wenza umahluko phakathi kweCGIL, CISL kunye ne-UIL kwelinye icala kunye ne-FIOM yokulwa ngakumbi kunye neemanyano zesiseko. Kwinqanaba elithile imida kunye nokuchasana kweNtshukumo kuya kucaca, kuyikrazule. Inokwenzeka ukuba inyamalale ngokukhawuleza njengoko ivele; kodwa okwangoku, ngokungabikho kwephiko lasekhohlo, elichasene ne-capitalist, liye laba yinqwelo ephambili yokubonakalisa umsindo, ukukhungatheka kunye nokunganeliseki kwezigidi zamaTaliyane kunye nenkxaso yayo ingakhula ngakumbi.
Ingxaki yezoqoqosho
Olu lonyulo lwenzeka ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yokudodobala koqoqosho ixesha elide e-Italiya emva kwexesha lemfazwe. I-GDP yehle nge-7% ukususela oko kwaqala ingxaki yezoqoqosho. Intswela-ngqesho iphindaphindeke kabini kwaye ngaphezulu kwe-37% yabantu abatsha abanamisebenzi ngoku. Ikhathazwa kukunyuka kweerhafu nokuhla kwemivuzo, ingeniso yokwenene yentsapho ikwinqanaba elifanayo naleyo lalinjalo kwiminyaka engama-27 eyadlulayo. Nangona abantu abasebenzayo nabakumgangatho ophakathi belangazelela ukuphela kobunzima, iPD ibinikezela ngokuqhubekeka kwe-ajenda yeMonti 'nohlengahlengiso' nje olumbalwa. Baye bathembisa ukuhlonipha i-fiscal compact kunye nokulinganisa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali nangona oku kuya kubandakanya ukuthotywa kwe-45 yebhiliyoni ye-euro rhoqo ngonyaka. Oku kusemva kokuhla okukhulu kwe-11% kumanqaku abo ekupheleni kwephulo.
UBerlusconi, kwelinye icala, wayenobukrelekrele ngokwaneleyo ukuqonda ukuba ukuxhasa ukunyuswa kwerhafu kunye nokucuthwa kwe-ajenda yaseMonti yayijongela phantsi isiseko sakhe sonyulo kwaye ke watsala iplagi kurhulumente waseMonti, eqhuba i-populist anti-austerity, anti-Europe, pro-tax. -ukusika iphulo lonyulo. Oku kuquka ukuthumela isinyanzelo serhafu yokulinganisa kuwo onke amakhaya senza isibhambathiso sokubuyisela yonke ipeni ethe yahlawulwa ngabantu xa iMonti iphinda ibuyisela irhafu yendlu ye-IMU. Ngokusekelwe kweli phulo 'umama', njengoko elinye iphephandaba laseFransi lalibiza ngokuba nguBerlusconi, wavuka njengoLazaro ekufeni; PDL yakhe umanyano clawed ngasemva 15 iingongoma inkxaso kwaye iphele intamo nentamo kunye PD.
Yintoni encinci eseleyo yeKhohlo yatyunyuzwa ngokonyulo. Umbutho kaNichi Vendola we-SEL (Ekhohlo kwi-Ecology Freedom), nowawuhlangene nePD, wafumana nje i-3.2%. Ukuba lo mbutho ubuzimele wodwa ngewusilele ukuwela umyinge we-4% kwaye ngewungenazo izihlalo epalamente. Oku ekugqibeleni kwaba sisiphelo seRivoluzione Civile, uluhlu olukhethiweyo lonyulo olukhokelwa ngumantyi wangaphambili, uAntonio Ingroia.
Kufuneka amandla amatsha
Endaweni yokuma kuluhlu oluchasene nongxowankulu/labasebenzi olucacileyo, uRifondazione Comunista (PRC), owakha waba ngumbutho wabasebenzi abancinane, wazichitha waba yiRivoluzione Civile kwiqonga lohlaziyo/lenkululeko engacacanga. Eli yayilinyathelo elingenelelayo, elanyanzeliswa ngokungenademokhrasi ukusuka phezulu kwiinzame zokufuna ukubuyela epalamente. I-PRC ilahlekelwe ngawo onke amaLungu ePalamente kwiminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo emva kokungena kurhulumente wokubambisana kunye ne-PD ye-capitalist. Emva kokutshatyalaliswa konyulo ngalunye, ubunkokeli be-PRC, kunokuba bujonge ukwandisa inkxaso yabo ngokuzibandakanya kwimizabalazo kwiindawo zokusebenza kunye noluntu lwasekuhlaleni, luye lwafuna umanyano olutsha lonyulo olungenamgaqo, kwaye rhoqo xa ivoti yayo yehla. IRivoluzione Civile iphumelele nje i-2.2% yevoti nto leyo ethetha ukuba akukho zihlalo kwaphela.
Inkxaso engazange ibonwe ngaphambili ye-Beppe Grillo inokuqondwa kuphela kwimeko ebuhlungu yokuwa kweNhlohlo yase-Italian. Kodwa ngoku kuvela imeko entsha ngokupheleleyo yezopolitiko. Umsindo wabantu babasebenzi uqhume kwibhokisi yokuvota kunokuba ezitratweni nakwiindawo zokusebenza, kodwa ukuqhubeka kwengxaki kunye nokungazinzi kuya kubona ukuphuhliswa komzabalazo omtsha.
Kwinqanaba elithile ukusilela kwe-5 Star Movement kuya kubhengezwa kushiya izigidi zikhangela enye indlela kwaye zivule amathuba amakhulu okwakhiwa kombutho omtsha wezopolitiko osekelwe hayi kwipopulism edidekileyo kodwa kwiintshukumo zabasebenzi kunye nabantu abatsha, abanikelayo. isisombululo sokwenene kwiingxaki zabantu abasebenzayo ngokucela umngeni kungekuphela nje abezopolitiko kodwa neengcambu zoqoqosho zayo yonke inkqubo ebolileyo yobukapitali.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela