Kwiiveki zakutshanje, uxinzelelo lwangaphandle kunye lwangaphakathi ngokuchasene
Kucacile ukuba
Ukongeza, ukukhula kweengxaki zangaphakathi, kunye nokuqiniswa kwephiko lasekunene le-Chavista movement - eyaziwa ngokuba "yilungelo elingapheliyo", elixhasa ukuphumeza ezinye iinguqu ngaphandle kokuphulwa kwe-capitalism - zibeka ingozi enkulu ekusindeni kwe-revolution.
Uhlaziyo olucetywayo lukaChavez lomgaqo-siseko lwalujolise ekumiseleni amaziko amandla athandwayo nokwandisa izithintelo koongxowankulu ukuze kuxhamle abantu abasebenzayo. Ukuphendula, ijelo leendaba labucala elinongxowankulu, elikhokelwa lijelo likamabonakude labucala elichasene norhulumente i-Globovision, lasungula iphulo elisekelwe kubuxoki kunye ne-disinformation ejolise ukubhidanisa abantu baseVenezuela.
Idityaniswe nokonakala koqoqosho oluphantsi-okunegalelo ekunqongophelweni kweempahla ezisisiseko ezifana nobisi-iqela eliphikisayo likwazile ukuphelisa ukungoneliseki okukhoyo phakathi kwabahluphekayo kwiingxaki ezifana urhwaphilizo kunye nolawulo lwaseburhulumenteni.
Phantse i-3 yezigidi zabantu abavotele uChavez kunyulo lukamongameli kaDisemba ka-2006 baye bayeka ukuvota, benika inkcaso uloyiso lokuqala lolonyulo ukusukela oko uChavez wangena kulawulo ngo-1998.
Ukuhlasela kwama impiriyali
Ukuzama ukwakha kule nto, ihlaziywe
Inxalenye ephambili yesi sicwangciso ibandakanye ukuphembelela amadangatye ongquzulwano phakathi
UChavez nangona kunjalo uthethathethwano ngokukhululwa kwelinye icala nge-10 kaJanuwari kwamabanjwa amabini abanjwe yi-FARC. Uphinde wacela ukuba kupheliswe ukubandakanywa kwe-FARC kuluhlu lwemibutho yabanqolobi evaliweyo kwaye ibanike "imeko yemfazwe" njengenyathelo lokufumana isisombululo sezopolitiko.
The
Nangona evuma ukuba "wayengazi nayiphi na inkxaso ethe ngqo uMnumzana Chavez unikeze i-FARC", umphathi we-Pentagon wabasebenzi, u-Admiral Michael Mullen, ngoJanuwari akazange athandabuze ukwenza uluhlu lwezityholo zobuxoki ezifana nebango lokuba uChavez unikezela. "inkxaso yeqhinga" kwi-FARC nakwi "narco-terrorism."
UJohn Walters, umlawuli we-Ofisi yeSizwe yoLawulo lweZiyobisi yase-US, watyhola uChavez ngoJanuwari 19 ngokuba "ngumququzeleli omkhulu kurhwebo lweziyobisi lwamazwe ngamazwe", nangona ukwanda kokuthintela ukuthengiswa kweziyobisi ngumbutho.
"Ubungqina" bukaWalter bubonakala ngokusekelwe kukungabikho kobungqina:
"Ziphi izihluthu ezinkulu, ziphi ukubanjwa okukhulu kwabantu abancinci abaququzeleli bezothutho? Xa iqaliswa kwizikhululo zeenqwelomoya ezilawulwayo kunye namachweba, kuphi ukubanjwa kwamagosa anobuqhophololo? Ngexesha elithile apha, oku kufana nokubambisana, "Utshilo kudliwanondlebe kaJan 20 kunye neLos Angeles Times.
Ke ngoFebruwari 14, ummeli weCongress of Republican ovela eMiami, u-Eliana Ross, wabiza iNkongolo yase-US ukuba ichaze iVenezuela njenge "ilizwe labanqolobi" libanga "kukho imizekelo emininzi enokuthi ifanelekele iVenezuela kolu bizo"- kwakhona ngaphandle kokubonelela naluphi na ubungqina.
Nangona kunjalo, olona hlaselo lubi lwe-impiriyali lweza ngothotho lwemiyalelo yenkundla efunyenwe sisigebenga se-oyile saseMelika i-ExxonMobil, ixhaswa liSebe leSizwe laseMelika, ukumisa ii-asethi ze-US ezixabisa i-12 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zenkampani ye-oyile yelizwe laseVenezuela iPDVSA, kwiinkundla zombini zaseBritane naseDatshi - inyathelo elichazwe nguChavez njengenxalenye "yemfazwe yezoqoqosho".
Eli nyathelo liyimpindezelo kwi-ExxonMobil investments in
Izenzo ze-ExxonMobil zikwathumela umyalezo nakwamanye amazwe aseLatin America eqwalasela ukufakwa kwezixhobo kuzwelonke - impiriyali iya kuzilwela.
Uzinziso lwangaphakathi
Ukongeza kolu hlaselo lwangaphandle, kuye kwakho iphulo eliqinisiweyo lokungcungcuthekiswa kwangaphakathi ngabachasi baseVenezuela. Inkcaso eyayikade ihlulekene ngokungenathemba ngaphambili, ikhulise ukuzithemba ziziphumo zohlolo, ibeka phambili iphulo elimanyeneyo lolonyulo lwengingqi lwangoNovemba lweerhuluneli zikarhulumente kunye noosodolophu.
Ngaphandle kokugxininisa kwabo kunyulo, iqela eliphikisayo alilibazisi ukusebenzisa i-extra-parliamentary destabilization, okubandakanya ukunyuka komonakalo wezoqoqosho ngoongxowankulu - okukhumbuza ukutshatyalaliswa korhulumente waseChile osekhohlo owandulela ubhukuqo-mbuso lwase-US oluxhaswa yi-US. Jikelele uAugusto Pinochet ngowe-1973.
Eli phulo libandakanya ukugcinwa kwempahla, intelekelelo kunye nokuthutyeleziswa kokutya, okubangela ukunqongophala, kudityaniswe nephulo leendaba elibi elijolise ekuphembeleleni ukunganeliseki.
Iqela elichasayo liyakwandisa ukuziqhelanisa nesininzi esihluphekayo esenza isiseko senkxaso sikaChavez. Ijonge ukuthatha ithuba lokungoneliseki ukungena kwi-barrios ngento ebizwa ngokuba "ziinethiwekhi ezidumileyo", ezisebenza ekusasazeni amahemuhemu, ukukhuthaza ukungoneliseki kunye neyantlukwano phakathi kweeChavistas - kunye nokudibanisa abantu ngokuchasene norhulumente.
Ngokutsho kuka-Eva Golinger, igqwetha lase-US- Venezuela, oye waveza ubungakanani
Kukwakho neengxelo zokukhula kwamakhonkco phakathi kwe-paramilitaries yephiko lasekunene laseColombia, ulwaphulo-mthetho olucwangcisiweyo kunye namacandelo eqela eliphikisayo laseVenezuela, ngakumbi kumazwe asemdeni.
IiParamilitaries nazo ziphuhlise ubukho
Uphando olwenziwa yiZiko loXolo kwiYunivesithi yaseVenezuela ekhankanywe kwiNgxelo yoNyaka ye-PROVEA ye-2007, yaphawula ukuba "ubukho obuphezulu" bala maqela kumacandelo ahlukeneyo eCaracas, (ngokukodwa e-El Valle, ePetare nase-el Mercado Mayor de Coche ), kuthintele ulungelelwaniso nokuthatha inxaxheba koluntu.
Ukusabela kuxinzelelo olunjalo, uChavez ucele umanyano olukhulu kuhlaziyo.
Izahlulo zeChavista
Nangona kunjalo, iyantlukwano enzulu ekhoyo phakathi kwentshukumo yeBolivarian, ebandakanya iibloko ezinamandla zepro-capitalist kwezoqoqosho nezopolitiko - ezinye ezinempembelelo ebalulekileyo emkhosini. Eli candelo lasekunene lilawula iqela labaphathiswa kunye nenxalenye enkulu yeNdlu yoWiso-mthetho yeSizwe, kunye nosodolophu kunye nee-ofisi zerhuluneli, kwaye inxulunyaniswe nolawulo lorhulumente olungafuniyo ukuncama igunya.
Kukwakho nokushiyeka okungqongqo ngakumbi, omelele phakathi kwabantu abaphantsi kunye namalungu ngaphakathi kurhulumente, efuna ukwenza nzulu inkqubo kwaye boyise urhwaphilizo kunye nolawulo olubambezele umva inkqubela phambili yenguqu.
Ukusukela kwincopho yexesha lokuhlangana ngamandla kwabantu abahluphekayo kunye nabantu abasebenzayo ngokuchasene neenzame ezixhaswa yi-US zokuthoba urhulumente - ngobhukuqo olungaphumelelanga ngo-2002, ukuvalwa koshishino lweoyile ngo-2002-03 kunye novavanyo lokukhumbula ngo-2004-. inqanaba losasazo oluqhubekayo oluthandwayo lwehle kakhulu.
Ngaphantsi kwesabhokhwe se-counter-revolution, abacinezelekileyo babonisa ukuzimisela kwabo ukulwa - kunye nokukwazi ukoyisa - iinzame ze-elite zakudala zokubuyisela amandla ezopolitiko kunye nokuphelisa iinzuzo ezinxulumene ne-revolution yaseBolivarian.
Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba buthathaka kweqela elichasayo emva kokoyiswa ngakunye, kudityaniswa nokwandiswa komgangatho wokuphila kwabahluphekileyo, ukuphoxeka kulawulo loburhulumente lokonakalisa ezo nzuzo kuye kwaba yinkxalabo enkulu kwabaninzi.
Ezi ngxaki ziye zandiswa ngumsantsa okhulayo phakathi kweentetho zikarhulumente kunye nenyaniso. Okunye okujongela phantsi uvukelo-mbuso bubuthathaka obumandla bentshukumo yabasebenzi eyahlulelene ngokukrakra.
Le miba ithintele ukuyilwa komkhosi omanyeneyo osekwe kumajoni asezantsi anokuthi abe nako ukukhokela ukunzulu kwe-revolution kwicala le-socialism - njengoko ebeyibiza ngokuphindaphindiweyo uChavez.
Kulo mxholo i-endogenous right-wing ikhule ngamandla. Uninzi lwale mikhosi, enika inkonzo yomlomo kwinjongo yobusoshiyali, yamemelela esidlangalaleni ivoti ethi "Ewe" kwireferendamu kodwa yasebenza emva kwemiboniso ukutyhafisa ukuvotelwa kweenguqu ezibukhali ezibeka emngciphekweni iimfuno zabo.
Ngokukhuthaza inkolo yobuntu engqonge iChavez, ilungelo liye lazama ukuvala ukugxekwa kwezenzo zalo, libonisa uhlaselo olunjengokuchasa uChavez kunye nokunceda.
Ungquzulwano phakathi kwekhohlo nasekunene ngaphakathi kombutho weBolivarian ubonakaliswa ngokucacileyo kumzabalazo wokusekwa kwe-United Socialist Party yaseVenezuela (PSUV).
Ibizwe nguChavez ukuba enze isixhobo sezopolitiko sokumanyanisa amajoni emhlabeni kunye nokunceda ukukhokela umzabalazo wentlalontle, iye yaba yindawo yokulwa phakathi kwamacandelo aseburhulumenteni azimisele ukugcina ulawulo kunye namatsha ntliziyo asuka kwiintshukumo ezidumileyo zokulwa ukwakha inkitha, idemokhrasi kunye nenyani. umbutho wenguqu.
Iqela elinjalo, ukuba liphumelele ukudibanisa isiseko kunye nobunkokeli bukaChavez phezu kweentloko zabaphathi, iya kuba sisibetho esibi ngokuchasene nemikhosi yaphiko lasekunene eliye lagcina izikhundla ngokusebenzisa iibhloko zamandla eqela.
Amacandelo athandwayo abe nempembelelo enamandla kwindlela kunye nentetho yengqungquthela yokusungula eyaqala ngoJanuwari kwaye iphele ngoMatshi. Nangona kunjalo, isiphumo sisekude ekugqityweni, kwaye i-right-wing ilwa kanzima.
Ingxabano iye yaqhambuka ngamabango obuxoki ngowayesakuba ngusekela-mongameli uJorge Rodriguez (ngoku ongumnxibelelanisi kazwelonke wePSUV) kunye noDiosdado Cabello (irhuluneli yaseMiranda, ungxowankulu omkhulu onempembelelo enamandla emkhosini kwaye ichongwe njengenkokeli ephambili yelungelo elingapheliyo. ) ukuba usekela weNdlu yoWiso-mthetho uLuis Tascon ugxothiwe kwi-PSUV ngevoti ngamxhelo mnye yabathunywa.
Akukho voti injalo, kwaye umbuzo wokugxothwa kweTascon usaliwa. Nangona kunjalo uRodriguez kunye noCabello baye banyanzeleka ukuba bahlehle kancinci, bechaza ukuba iTascon "inqunyanyisiwe" kwaye iya kunikwa ilungelo lokuphendula emva kokuba ikhongolose ithathe isigqibo malunga nemithetho kunye nemigaqo yeqela elitsha - isigqibo esingazange sixoxwe okanye sivotelwe. abathunywa.
ITascon yenze izityholo zorhwaphilizo ngakumninawa kaCabello, ngoku oyintloko
URodriguez kunye noCabello baye baphikisana ukuba iqela elitsha liphantsi kukarhulumente kwaye bathi akuyomfuneko ukubandakanya ukulwa nongxowankulu njengomnye wemigaqo yabo, besithi oku kubandakanywa kwigama elithi "anti-imperialism," ezi ziye zaba. iingongoma eziphambili zengxoxo.
Ezinye iingxabano zombutho zibe nesiphumo sokuqhutywa yikomiti eququzelelayo yenkongolo echongwe ngesandla, ngokukodwa kumbuzo wokuba amaxwebhu azakuvotelwa njani aza kuqulunqwa nokuba aya kuthi anikezelwe kuluhlu lwePSUV ngexesha elaneleyo lokuxoxwa.
Umzabalazo weklasi
Iinzame zokuthulisa ukuchasana kunye nokuthatha ngokusemthethweni i-PSUV yinxalenye yezicwangciso zelungelo elingapheliyo, elinqwenela "i-Chavismo ngaphandle kwe-Chavez" - kwaye ngaphandle kobusoshiyali. Ezo zenzo zijolise ekujongeni phantsi ngakumbi amacandelo aziwayo.
Ezi zantlukwano zibonisa umzabalazo wodidi phakathi kwenkqubo yenguqu.
Kudliwano-ndlebe noGreen Left Weekly kwi-2006 ("i-oyile, i-revolution kunye ne-socialism", i-GLW #681) u-Tascon wathi: "ngokungathandabuzekiyo kuya kubakho ukungqubana phakathi kweeChavistas ezahlukeneyo. Ndiqinisekile ukuba kuya kubakho ukungqubuzana komdla othile phakathi kwekhohlo. kunye nelungelo. Kodwa ayizukuba lilungelo lemveli [abakwinkcaso], kodwa iChavista-iphiko lasekunene."
Njengenkqubo ejolise ukoyisa ukuthotyelwa koqoqosho lwaseVenezuela - kunye nombuso - kwiimfuno ze
Kuye kwabandakanya abo babenethemba lokuqhawula
Phantsi kohlaselo lwama impiriyali kunye nongxowankulu basekhaya, inguqu iye yanda kakhulu, uChavez ethe gqolo egxininisa ukuba injongo yayibubusoshiyali.
Nangona kunjalo, kwangaxeshanye njengoko iinjongo ezichaziweyo zohlaziyo zijikela ngasekhohlo, amandla emikhosi ephiko lasekunene anyukile phakathi kwawo omabini amaqela ezopolitiko axhasa iChavez kunye nelizwe elinobuqhophololo.
Oku kuphikisana kuyaliwa malunga nombuzo wokuba iPSUV iya kunceda bani โ isininzi esicinezelweyo okanye abalawuli abaxhasa oongxowankulu? Umbutho kunye nobunye bamandla asekhohlo kuya kuba yinto ebalulekileyo ekunqumeni ikamva le-PSUV - kunye ne-revolution.
Amadabi angaphakathi nangaphandle anxulunyaniswa ngokucacileyo, njengoko kutyhilwa kukuba ukungoneliseki kwiingxaki ezibangelwa okanye zenziwa mandundu lilungelo leChavista, ngokudityaniswa nephulo elinoburhalarhume leendaba zamazwe ngamazwe kunye nezangaphakathi zanceda ekubangeleni ukoyiswa kohlaziyo lomgaqo-siseko-uloyiso loluntu. Inkcaso exhaswa yi-US eyinike amandla ayimfuneko kakhulu.
Ngaphandle kokwenene "ukuhlaziywa, ukulungiswa kunye nokuqaliswa kwakhona" kwe-revolution - "ii-Rs ezintathu" u-Chavez ucele ukuba - imikhosi yaseBolivarian inokujongana nokutshatyalaliswa okuphawulekayo kunyulo ekupheleni konyaka. Oku kungavula indlela yokuhlasela kwenkcaso eyandayo yokugxotha uChavez kurhulumente, ngomgaqo-siseko okanye ngezinye iindlela.
UKiraz Janicke ungumbhali wabasebenzi Uhlalutyo lweVenezuela. UJanick unokufumaneka kwi [imeyile ikhuselwe]. UFederico Fuentes unegalelo rhoqo Luhlaza sasekhohlo veki nganye kunye namanye amaphephandaba kunye neewebhusayithi kwaye ungumhleli we Ukunyuka kweBolivia. I-Fuentes inokufikelelwa kuyo [imeyile ikhuselwe].
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela