Icandelo lesi-2 lesi-3
C. Venezuela: Eminye imizekelo yongenelelo lwangoku lwase-US ngokuchasene ne-Bolivarian Revolution
EVenezuela ulawulo lukaGeorge W. Bush lungenelela kwinkqubo yezopolitiko ngokudityaniswa kwemisebenzi efana kakhulu naleyo yaqhutywa yi-US eNicaragua ngeminyaka yoo-1980, kodwa ngaphandle kwemfazwe yobunqolobi kwisikali seContras, kwaye'โ kude kube phakathi ku-2005'โngaphandle kothintelo lwezoqoqosho. Le misebenzi, ngohlahlo lwabiwo-mali luka-2005 olusondela kwi-10 lezigidi zeerandi, ikhangeleka 'njengemfundo yoluntu,' inkxaso yenkqubo yonyulo, 'kunye nokomeleza inkqubo yedemokhrasi.' Ngokwenyani, zonke ezi nkqubo, ziqhutywa phantse cwaka, zixhasa inkcaso ngokuchasene noMongameli Chavez kunye nemanyano yakhe.
Ii-arhente zentshukumo zale 'nkxaso evulekileyo yedemokhrasi eVenezuela'liSebe likaRhulumente, i-Arhente yase-US yoPhuhliso lwaMazwe ngaMazwe (AID), kunye ne-National Endowment for Democracy (NED) eneziseko ezine ezinxulumeneyo. Esona sixa-mali sikhulu semali, esimalunga nezigidi ezisi-7 zeerandi ngo-2005, siqhutywa yi-Ofisi ye-AID ye-Transition Initiatives (OTI) ngekontraka yabucala, i-Development Alternatives Inc. (DAI), icandelo lokubonisana elisekelwe eBethesda, eMaryland, ecaleni kweWashington DC Ukongeza. I-CIA, njengesiqhelo, inendima yayo ekuboneleleni ngemali eyimfihlo kunye nokubonelela ngenkxaso eyimfihlo.
Iphepha lewebhu le-DAI lichaza inkampani, eyasekwa ngo-1970, njengabasebenzi abangama-250 kwikomkhulu layo kunye nabanye abamalunga ne-1500 abasebenza kwiiprojekthi zamazwe ngamazwe. Kuye kwenziwa iiprojekthi zophuhliso kumazwe 150, ubukhulu becala kwiHlabathi leSithathu, 'ukwakha urhulumente enobulungisa nesebenzayo, ukomeleza umthamo wasekuhlaleni ukulawula ubutyebi bendalo kunye nemveliso yezolimo, amafutha iinjini zoqoqosho ukuba amandla ukukhula ukusuka micro-zemali ukuya kuphuhliso lwamashishini, kunye nokuphakamisa impembelelo yotyalo-mali lwabucala kwiimarike ezikhulayo. Abaxumi baquka i-Arhente yase-US yoPhuhliso lwaMazwe ngaMazwe, iBhanki yeHlabathi, ii-arhente zophuhliso zamazwe amabini, amaqumrhu ehlabathi, kunye noorhulumente bamazwe abazamkelayo.' Iiprojekthi zayo zijongene nezolimo nolawulo lwemithombo yendalo, iinkonzo zebhanki nezemali, ukuthomalalisa intlekele nokuchacha, idemokhrasi nolawulo, izisombululo kumashishini ehlabathi kunye nokuthomalalisa iziphumo zikaGawulayo. I-DAI, njengoko siza kubona ngokubhekele phaya, sisakhiwo esifanelekileyo soshishino sokufaka amagosa eCIA kunye neearhente phantsi kokhuselo lwentengiso kumazwe angaphandle.
EWashington akukho mathandabuzo ikomiti yenqanaba eliphezulu elawula imisebenzi enegama elifana neVenzuelan Inter-Agency Working Group. Ummeli weSebe likaRhulumente uya kuba ngusihlalo wekomiti, kwaye amanye amalungu ayo amele i-AID / OTI, i-Pentagon, i-CIA, i-NED, kunye nezinye ii-arhente ezinomdla. Phakathi koxanduva lwayo olwahlukeneyo, le komiti ibeka uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali kwaye yenza isigqibo sokuba zeziphi iindlela eziya kusetyenziswa ukuhambisa imali. Ikomiti kwakhona kufuneka ivavanye impumelelo yemisebenzi kwaye igcine iikomiti ezifanelekileyo zeCongress zinolwazi.
ISebe likaRhulumente lilawula ngokusondeleyo inkqubo yongenelelo eVenezuela nge-Ambassy yase-US eCaracas apho i-AID/OTI ineofisi. I-CIA, njengomcimbi, nayo ineofisi kwi-Embassy phantsi kwe-diplomatic cover. Kanye njengaseWashington, kuya kubakho ikomiti yonxibelelaniso kwi-Embassy echotshelwe ngu-Ambassy okanye iSekela likaMongameli weMishini kwaye amalungu ayo aya kubandakanya intloko yecandelo lezopolitiko, abameli be-OIT, umphathi wesikhululo seCIA, ummeli wezomkhosi. kwaye mhlawumbi nabanye.
Kwakhona eCaracas, kodwa ngaphandle kwe-Embassy kunye nesikhundla esisemthethweni njengamaqumrhu angaphandle abucala, kukho iiofisi ezimbini zeziseko ezinxulumene ne-NED. I-International Republican Institute ine-ofisi yayo e-Altamira, kwi-Avenue yesiBini, phakathi kweSibhozo kunye neSisithoba sokuTshintshela, i-Quinta Retana, umgangatho ophantsi; kunye neNational Democratic Institute (NDI) ise-Avenue Francisco de Miranda, Edificio Torre La Primera, umgangatho we-14, i-Ofisi 14B, iCampo Alegre. Ukongeza, ii-Development Alternatives Inc. (DAI), ifemu yokucebisa, ineofisi yayo eGuaicaipuro Street, Hener Tower, 2nd floor, office 2-B, El Rosal. Iziko ngalinye kula mathathu linabasebenzi base-US abakhethwe eWashington kunye nabasebenzi baseVenezuela abaqeshwa babo kufuneka bafumane imvume yangaphambili eWashington.
Imisebenzi yale arhente yezenzo kwiCaracas-IRI, NDI kunye neDAI-ithatha uhlobo lweekontrakthi zeprojekthi nganye kunye nemisebenzi, iindleko, imihla yokuqala kunye nokuphela, kunye nezinye, njengesivumelwano se-OTI-DAI, kunye neenketho zokwandiswa. Inkcazo yeprojekthi ye-IRI kunye ne-NDI ifakwe kwiiofisi zabo zaseWashington kwiSebe likaRhulumente, i-AID / OTI, okanye i-NED yokuvunywa kunye nokuxhaswa ngemali phantsi kwekhontrakthi. Iimali zisasazwa kwiiofisi zeCaracas ezidlulisela imali kwimibutho yabaxhamli baseVenezuela phantsi kweekhontrakthi ezincinci, nganye efuna imvume yekomkhulu le-arhente apho imali ivela khona.
Ezi arhente zintathu zineeofisi eCaracas nazo kufuneka zingenise kwikomkhulu labo laseWashington iinkokeli zemibutho ecetywayo yokufumana uncedo, ngokungathandabuzekiyo ukuze iCIA yenze uhlolo lwemvelaphi yokhuseleko kubo, ngaphakathi kunye nezinye ii-arhente zokhuseleko, njengenxalenye ye inkqubo yokuvunywa. Ukongezelela, ikhontrakthi nganye ifuna ukuba i-arhente elawulayo eCaracas ingenise iingxelo zenkqubela rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintathu okanye ezintandathu kunye neengxelo ezikhethekileyo kwimiba ebalulekileyo. Lilonke, le nkqubo yeeprojekthi, ulwamkelo, iikhontrakthi, kunye neekontraka eziphantsi kwayo zikhonkrithi, indlela ephucukileyo elawulwa ngokupheleleyo ngurhulumente wase-US. Ubungqina buqulethwe kumakhulu amaxwebhu asemthethweni, kubandakanywa nezivumelwano, ezifunyenwe ukususela ngo-2003 ngoMthetho weNkululeko yoLwazi. Isixa esikhulu samaxwebhu apapashwa apha http://www.venezuelafoia.info. La maxwebhu atyhila ukuba i-NED ibixhasa ngokuthe ngqo ubuncinci i-17 yemibutho engekho phantsi kukarhulumente yaseVenezuela ngaphandle kwenkxaso-mali yabanye abaninzi ngeziseko zayo ezine ezinxulumeneyo.
Imisebenzi eyalelwe kwaye ixhaswa ngemali yi-US iye kwaye yahluka kakhulu, kodwa zonke zinenjongo yazo yokuphuhlisa kunye nokuqiniswa kwenkcaso yezopolitiko zombini kumaqela ezopolitiko kunye nakwii-NGO ezifana neVenezuelan Workers Confederation (CTV). Oku kuquka iindibano zocweyo, iisemina neenkomfa, iikhosi zoqeqesho lokuphuhlisa imibutho yezopolitiko, ukukhuthaza umanyano ngokusebenzisa imibutho yamaqela, amaphulo okubhalisa abavoti nokuqinisekisa ukuba elona nani likhulu livotayo, ukusekwa koluhlu lwabavoti oluhambelanayo nolungekho semthethweni, ukuqeqeshwa kwabakhi-mkhanyo bonyulo. ukukhangela ubuqhophololo, ukubeka esweni ngokusondeleyo iBhunga leSizwe loNyulo (CNE) ukugxeka izitenxo, ukulungiselela ukubalwa kweevoti ezinxuseneyo, ukubalwa ngokukhawuleza kweziphumo ('amanani akhawulezayo' ) ukwenzela ukuba zibhengezwe ngaphambi kokuba zibhengezwe yi-CNE. Ngaphandle kwezi njongo ezithile, imisebenzi yenzelwe ukutsala amavolontiya amatsha aphakathi kunye nexesha elide kwinkqubo yonyulo kodwa rhoqo ngokuchasene neBolivarian Revolution. Amaqela athandwayo abandakanya Acciรยณn Democratica (idemokhrasi kwezentlalo), COPEI (amaKristu edemokhrasi), Movimiento al Socialism, Iprojekthi yaseVenezuela kwaye Primero Justicia.
Phakathi kwabaxhamli abaninzi kolu ngenelelo yayiyi-Coordinadora Democratica,[1] kunye nabameli abavela kumashishini, abasebenzi kunye namaqela ezopolitiko, azalisekisa indima efana kakhulu naleyo yeNicaragua Coordinadora Democratica ngeminyaka yoo-1980. Omnye oxhamlileyo ngumbutho iSรยบmate owavela ngo-2003 ekupheleni koqhankqalazo lwe-oyile olungaphumelelanga ukuze kuqaliswe iphulo lokurhoxisa ireferendamu. Lo mbutho ufana kakhulu neVia Cรvica yaseNicaragua. Ekugqibeleni, i-DAI yenkampani yokubonisana isebenza kanye njengoko iQela lamazwe ngamazwe eDelphi lalisebenza eNicaragua, lixhasa ngemali iphulo le-anti-Chavez lepropaganda elibizwa ngokuba yiVenezuela: Inyathelo lokwakha ukuzithemba (VICC).
Ukuqonda indlela ukungenelela kwezopolitiko zase-US ezisebenza ngayo eVenezuela, kulungile ukuhlolisisa izivumelwano ze-AID / OTI ezintlanu kunye nee-arhente ezintathu zezenzo ezineofisi eCaracas: I-DAI, i-IRI kunye ne-NDI. La maphepha alandelayo ahlalutya: 1) Ikhontrakthi ye-OTI neDAI eyamiselwa emva kobhukuqo-mbuso olungaphumelelanga luka-Aprili 2002; I-2) izivumelwano ezimbini kunye ne-IRI zokungenelela kwi-recall referendum ka-Agasti 2004 kunye nokhetho olunokwenzeka emva koko; kunye ne-3) izivumelwano ezimbini kunye ne-NDI nazo zokungenelela kwi-referendum. Ixabiso lezi zibhambathiso zintlanu kwiminyaka emibini phambi kovavanyo malunga ne-12 yezigidi zeedola zase-US kwaye imibhalo yokuqala ipapashwa ngesiNgesi www.venezuelafoia.info phantsi kweZibhambathiso ze-USAID.
1. Ikhontrakthi ye-OTI-DAI yokuseka iVenezuela: Inyathelo lokwakha ukuzithemba (VICC)
I-OTI/AID yaqala ukusebenza eVenezuela njengomdlali ophambili kwinkqubo yorhulumente wase-US emva kobhukuqo-mbuso olungaphumelelanga luka-Epreli 2002. Kuze kube ngoko, ungenelelo lwezopolitiko lwalusezandleni ze-NED kunye neziseko zayo ezine ezinxulumene neendleko zonyaka malunga ne-1 yeedola. izigidi. Ukuqhuba imisebenzi phantsi, i-IRI yayimise iofisi eCaracas kwi-2000 elandelwa yi-NDI kwi-2001, iiofisi eziqhubeka nokusebenza kuze kube namhlanje. La maziko mabini axhasa ngezimali imibutho eyahlukeneyo ekhokelwa ngabo batyikitya iSigqibo seCarmona ngexesha loqhanqalazo olwabhangisa amaziko edemokhrasi, kwaye baqhubeka nokuxhasa abacebi bobuqhophololo emva kokuba lusilele. Nangona kunjalo, emva kobhukuqo-mbuso, kwabakho isigqibo esicacileyo esithathiweyo eWashington sokuphindaphinda iinzame zayo eVenezuela ngemali eninzi kakhulu, kodwa ngoku nge-OTI/AID kunye nefemu yokubonisana enekhontrakthi, iDevelopment Alternatives Inc. Le femu yayiza kusebenza njengesebe le-OTI. /I-AID phantsi kwesithunzi senkampani yabucala.
NgoJuni ka-2002, i-OTI/AID yaqalisa le nkqubo intsha eVenezuela ngokuthumela amagosa amabini kwi-ambassy yase-US eCaracas ukuba ahlole inkqubo. Iphepha lewebhu le-OTI libonisa ukuba le ofisi ijongene nokungenelela kwiindawo ezixakekayo apho kukho utshintsho olusuka kwimfazwe ukuya eluxolweni okanye ukuguquka ukusuka kurhulumente ongeyena wentando yesininzi ukuya kwinkqubo yentando yesininzi. Kuyabonakala ukuba, i-AID/OTI ithatha iVenezuela njengelizwe 'ekutshintsheni kwidemokhrasi'nangona kukho unyulo olukhululekileyo nolunobulungisa ukususela kunyulo lokuqala lukaMongameli Chavez ngo-1998. uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lonyaka i-NED eyayinalo lwaseVenezuela.
Ngo-Agasti ka-2002, i-OTI yenza ikhontrakthi yenkampani ecebisayo iDAI ukuba iseke iinkqubo zaseVenezuela ezijoliswe 'ukuxhasa amaziko edemokhrasi kunye neenkqubo'ยฆukunciphisa uxinzelelo loluntu kunye nokugcina ulungelelwano lwedemokhrasi,'kwaye ngo-Okthobha waloo nyaka iDAI yavula iofisi yayo eCaracas.
Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwaluyi-USD $ 5.2 yezigidi kunyaka wokuqala kwaye phantse i-USD $ 4.9 yezigidi kunyaka wesibini wokusebenza. Ezi yayizizixa ezinkulu kakhulu kunohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lonyaka lwe-NED kunye neziseko zayo, ezazimalunga ne-1-2 yezigidi zeedola. Kunyaka ngamnye uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwe-DAI lubandakanya i-3.5 yezigidi zeedola zokusasazwa ngemali okanye izixhobo phakathi kwemibutho yaseVenezuela yabaxhamli kwaye enye yayiyeyeendleko ezimiselweyo, imivuzo, utyalo-mali lwezothutho, unxibelelwano, iikhompyutha kunye nezinye iindleko zolawulo kunye nekhomishini ye-DAI, isixa-mali sazo sahlolwa. kwikhontrakthi ekhutshwe phantsi kwe-FOIA. Njengoko kwenzekileyo, le nkqubo yaqhubeka ngexesha lonyaka wesibini onganyanzelekanga, kwaye ikhontrakthi iye yandiswa de kwangoSeptemba 2005. Kunokwenzeka ukuba, iya kwandiswa kwakhona ngonyulo lukazwelonke ekupheleni kuka-2006.
Ngokwekhontrakthi, izizathu zokuba i-OTI ithathe isigqibo sokuseka inkqubo eVenezuela yayi:
1) 'Ukruthakruthwano lwezopolitiko lonyuke ngokumangalisayo'ukusukela ngo-Epreli xa 'abaqhankqalazi abaliqela babulawa ngaphandle kwebhotwe likamongameli'(akukhankanywanga ngobhukuqo-mbuso);
I-2) I-US 'inomdla oqinileyo wokuqinisekisa ukuba (idemokhrasi) inyamezela eVenezuela;'
3) 'amaziko' aseVenezuela adinga inkxaso 'yokubuyisela ukulingana kwedemokhrasi' kwaye 'aqinisekise ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo oluntu kunye nokubonakaliswa ngokukhululekileyo kweengcamango, kubandakanywa, kumanqanaba kazwelonke kunye neendawo, ngamajelo eendaba, uluntu, amaqela ezopolitiko kunye amaziko karhulumente.'
Ikhontrakthi ye-AID/OTI kunye ne-DAI, yomhla wama-30 ku-Agasti 2002, inamaphepha angama-49 achaza indlela i-DAI ekuya kufuneka isebenze ngayo eVenezuela. Kwintshayelelo, i-OTI izichaza njengamandla okuphendula ngokukhawuleza ebusweni bentlalontle, ezoqoqosho, kunye neentlekele zezopolitiko njengaseKosovo, kwiiPhilippines, eHaiti, okanye e-Columbia. Ichaza iinkqubo zayo 'njengezikhawulezayo, eziguquguqukayo, ezivelisa izinto ezintsha, ezibambekayo, ezijoliswe kuzo, ezikhuthazayo, kunye nezopolitiko ezigqithisileyo.' Yongeza, 'i-OTI isoloko ibandakanyeka kwimiba yezopolitiko enobuzaza ephambili kurhulumente wase-US kunye namazwe aphezulu.' Imali yayo ivela kwiNgxowa-mali yoNcedo lweNtlekele yaMazwe ngaMazwe yase-US, kwaye iinkqubo zayo ziqhele ukuhlala unyaka omnye okanye emibini ekupheleni apho i-OTI idlulisela imisebenzi kwelinye isebe le-AID okanye zivalwe. Ikhontrakthi yenza kucace ukuba i-OTI ilingana ne-fire brigade yezopolitiko yamazwe ngamazwe esetyenziswa ngurhulumente ukuzisa phantsi kolawulo lwentlalo kunye nezopolitiko ezisongela iimfuno zase-US 'into efana ne-Special Forces yomkhosi.
Iindidi zemibutho yangaphandle exhaswa yi-OTI, ngokwekhontrakthi, luhlu oluthi kude kube yi-1980 kunye nokwamkelwa kweProjekthi yeDemokhrasi, bekuya kuba luluhlu lweCIA lwezenzo ezifihlakeleyo: oorhulumente basekhaya, bommandla kunye nokazwelonke; imibutho yabucala, yokuzithandela; imibutho yamazwe ngamazwe; amaqela emveli; ookopolotyeni, imibutho kunye namaqela abafundi; amaqela angekho sikweni; amajelo eendaba, icandelo labucala kunye nemibutho yala maqela. Imisebenzi yayo ibandakanya ukukhuthaza uxolelwaniso; ukuthintelwa nokusombulula iingxabano; ukukhuthazwa koonondaba abazimeleyo ngoqeqesho kubuntatheli; uhlaziyo lwezomthetho; ukuthotywa kunye nokudityaniswa kwakhona kwabo babesakuba ngamajoni; ukukhuthazwa kwemiyalezo yesizwe kusetyenziswa umabonakude, unomathotholo noonondaba; ukuvuselela imibutho engundoqo engekho phantsi kukarhulumente ngenkxaso-mali yokuqala; kunye nokukhuthaza ulawulo ngenkxaso yonyulo kunye nophuhliso loluntu oluluqilima.
Ngokukodwa eVenezuela, ikhontrakthi ifuna i-DAI isebenze 'nabasebenzi, amashishini, imibutho yezopolitiko, urhulumente, kunye noluntu ukuqinisa amaziko edemokhrasi kunye neenkqubo'kunye 'namaziko eendaba ngoqeqesho lobuntatheli.' Ngaphezu koko, i-DAI iyadingeka ukuba isebenze kunye 'neeNGOs ezifuna ukukhuthaza iingxoxo kwi-ajenda ebandakanyayo yentlalo kunye nezopolitiko zaseVenezuela kunye neendlela ezivulekileyo zengxoxo ngoku zivaliweyo ngenxa ye-polarization yabemi.' Ikhontrakthi imisela ukuba ezi nkqubo aziyi kuba nacala kwaye akukho nkxaso iya kunikwa imibutho efuna ukuguqula inkqubo yezopolitiko ngeendlela ezichasene nomgaqo-siseko. Enyanisweni yonke inkxaso-mali phantsi kwale nkqubo iye kwinkcaso yezopolitiko, kuquka nabanye abatyikitya iSigqibo seCarmona esabhangisa amaziko edemokhrasi ngexesha lobhukuqo-mbuso olungaphumelelanga luka-Epreli ka-2002.
Ngokwekhontrakthi, igosa kwikomkhulu le-AID eWashington, elibizwa ngokuba yi-Cognizant Technical Officer (CTO) ilawula inkqubo nganye ye-OTI, kwaye imvume yakhe iyimfuneko kwisigqibo ngasinye esibalulekileyo. I-CTO, ebizwa kwikhontrakthi njengoRussell Porter, isebenza ngokubambisana kunye neSebe likaRhulumente kwaye iqondisa imisebenzi yabasebenzi be-OTI ababelwe kwi-ambassy e-Caracas abonyulwe ngabameli be-OTI Field. La magosa alawula imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla exhaswa ngemali yi-OIT kwaye iqhutywe yi-IRI, NDI, kunye ne-DAI ofisi eCaracas.
Ngokwekhontrakthi, i-DAI inoxanduva olupheleleyo lokuqhuba inkqubo, kubandakanywa nolawulo, ulungiselelo, ukufunyanwa, kunye nemiba yezemali. I-DAI iyafuneka ukuba iseke iofisi, ithenge izixhobo zeofisi kunye nezithuthi, igaye abasebenzi baseVenezuela, iseke iinkqubo zonxibelelwano kunye ne-accounting, iphuhlise kwaye igcine i-database kunye nazo zonke iinkcukacha zemisebenzi yabo, iphuhlise inkqubo yokusasazwa kweemali ngee-subcontracts kunye nokubeka iliso ekusebenzeni kwabo kunye nokugcina i-database kunye neenkcukacha zemisebenzi yabo. impembelelo. Inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwemali ifuna ukuba i-DAI iphakamise inkxaso-mali ye-NGOs kunye neminye imibutho yaseVenezuela kuMmeli oPhezulu weNdawo ye-OTI kwi-Embassy onokugunyazisa iintlawulo ukuya kwi-100,000 yeedola. Nasiphi na isindululo esikhulu kunolo kufuneka sivunywe yi-CTO kwi-ofisi ye-AID/OTI yaseWashington.
Ikhontrakthi inamaphepha amaninzi eenkcukacha ezinxulumene noxanduva lwabasebenzi be-DAI abangabemi base-US phambi nasemva kokufika kwabo eVenezuela. Igxininisa isantya ekufuneka i-DAI iququzelele ngayo izixhobo kwaye izilungiselele ukuqalisa inkqubo, kuquka nokulungiselela uluhlu lwabafowunelwa eVenezuela njengee-NGO, ii-ofisi zikarhulumente, kunye nemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe. Kukwaphawuleka ukuba ikhontrakthi ifuna ukuba ulwabiwo lwemali luqale ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba iqela lifikile eCaracas. Ukususela kwezi mfuno kuyacaca ukuba ngaphambi kokuya eCaracas iqela le-DAI kufuneka libe nokuqonda kakuhle kwemisebenzi ye-NED yangaphambili kunye neziseko zayo ezine ukuze bakwazi ukuqalisa umsebenzi ngokukhawuleza ngokuhambelana ne-IRI kunye ne-NDI ofisi eCaracas.
Ngaphezu koko, i-DAI iyafuneka ukuba irente indawo yee-ofisi kwaye ifumane indawo yokuhlala enefenitshala yabasebenzi bayo nabo nabaphi na abasebenzi be-OTI ababelwe eCaracas. Ukukhethwa kweeofisi kunye neendawo zokuhlala kufuneka zihambelane neemfuno zokhuseleko lwe-Embassy kunye nemvume ebhaliweyo kwangaphambili evela kwi-Ofisi yoKhuseleko lweNgingqi ye-AID. Ikhontrakthi ithi iofisi kufuneka ingabi phantsi kumgangatho we-3 ukuba ikwisakhiwo seofisi. Kufuneka ibe neengcango ezomeleleyo kunye nemivalo yentsimbi kwiifestile ukuba ikumgangatho ophantsi. Kufuneka ibekwe umva ukusuka kwisitalato, kunye neendawo zokupaka ezikhuselekileyo, ezikhanyiswe kakuhle kwaye zibiyelwe ngeendonga okanye iingcingo. Ukongeza, ikhontrakthi imisele ukuba i-DAI kufuneka ilungiselele iinkonzo eziyimfuneko ezifana neemfonomfono zasendlini, ifeksi, uqhagamshelo lwe-intanethi, oonomathotholo abaphathwayo, oonomathotholo ezimotweni, iiselfowuni, iisethelayithi iifowuni, iinkqubo zeGPS, kunye nothungelwano lwekhompyutha yangaphakathi. Ikwafuna ukuba i-DAI ilungiselele isicwangciso sokufuduka sabasebenzi base-US-bemi kunye namagosa e-OTI, kwaye ikhankanya ukugxothwa kwabasebenzi ngenxa yokwaphulwa kokhuseleko. Kuzo zonke ezi mfuno zineenkcukacha zibophelela i-DAI ukuseka ngokukhawuleza ukusebenza kokhuseleko oluphezulu, ukuzimela, kunye nokukwazi ukushiya iVenezuela ukusuka kumzuzu omnye ukuya kolandelayo.
Owona mba unika umdla wale khontrakthi kukuchongwa kwabasebenzi base-US kwiofisi ye-DAI Caracas (abantu aba-5) kunye nomnxibelelanisi omnye ozinze eWashington. Aba bantu ba-6, ekubhekiswa kubo 'NjengaBasebenzi abaPhambili', bathiywe kwikhontrakthi yi-OTI, kodwa kuphela ngefani kunye nesiqalo: J. McCarthy, uMphathi weQela; H. Mendez, L., Blank kunye noG. Dรaz, amaGosa oPhuhliso lweNkqubo; G. Fung, iNgcali yoLawulo lweZimali; kunye noJ., Jutkowitz, uMphathi weNkqubo yeNgingqi eWashington. Ikhontrakthi ayithethi nalinye igama malunga nokuba ngoobani aba bantu okanye basuka phi kulo msebenzi ungxamisekileyo nokhawulezileyo. Ngokucacileyo umntu ngamnye kwakufuneka abe nolwazi oluphangaleleyo malunga neVenezuela, umgaqo-nkqubo wase-US apho, kunye nokutyibilika kweSpanishi ukuze enze imisebenzi yakhe ukusukela oko bafikayo. Phantsi kwesivumelwano i-OTI inelungelo lokutshintsha nayiphi na kwezi zintandathu. Ngaloo ndlela i-DAI, inkampani yabucala yokubonisana, ayinakukhetha abasebenzi beprojekthi. Umntu akanakugxotha ukuba kungenzeka ukuba aba bantu be-6 ngamagosa e-CIA afakwe phantsi kwe-inshurensi yorhwebo kunye ne-DAI. Ngaphaya koko, kumntu ngamnye oza kuba ngumqeshwa waseVenezuela, iDAI kufuneka ingenise iCV yayo kunye nolunye ulwazi ukuze ivunywe yiCTO phambi kokuba iqeshe. Kucacile ukuba ngesi sibhambathiso i-OTI irenta nje ubume bequmrhu le-DAI ukuze isebenze ngokupheleleyo ngurhulumente, ngelixa izama ukuyifihla njengenkqubo yecandelo labucala. Kwaye eneneni zonke iimfuno ze-OTI kwikhontrakthi yimisebenzi eza kuqhutywa ngabasebenzi abanikwe yi-OTI, kunye ne-DAI ibe lukhuselo lwentengiso kuphela.
Ngokuphathelele ukuba kungenzeka ukuba lo msebenzi we-OTI kunye ne-DAI ngokwenene ngumsebenzi weCIA, kulungile ukukhumbula into endiyibhale kuyo. Ngaphakathi kwiNkampani: I-CIA Diary (1975) malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-inshorensi yorhwebo kumagosa e-CIA kumazwe angaphandle. Ukusukela ekuqaleni kwayo ngo-1947, iCIA yabeka amagosa phesheya kolwandle ukuba alawule imisebenzi phantsi kokhuseleko olungelulo olukarhulumente ukuze yohlulwe imisebenzi enobuzaza kumagosa asebenza kwizindlu zozakuzo ezinokhuseleko lozakuzo. Ukutyhubela iminyaka iinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe e-US ziye zasebenzisana ngokubeka amagosa eCIA kwimisebenzi yawo yaphesheya. Nangona kunjalo, igosa leCIA elisebenza kumzi wozakuzo lalisoloko lixhasa igosa elingekho semthethweni ngeendlela ezininzi, kwaye lo msebenzi wolawulo wawuthatha ixesha elininzi, ukuba alikho kakhulu.
Ngexesha le-1960s, iinzame zenziwa ukuseka amaqela amancinci, azimele ngokwawo amagosa phantsi kwe-inshurensi yezorhwebo kunye nonxibelelwano oluthe ngqo kunye nekomkhulu leCIA eLangley, eVirginia, ngaphandle kweWashington. Injongo yayikukucutha iimfuno zexesha elingaka kumagosa asebenza kwiindawo zozakuzo. Kwakunjalo kwiSixeko saseMexico apho iqela lamagosa amathathu e-CIA aseka ishishini lokungenisa elizweni elinegama lekhowudi ethi LILINK. Nangona amagosa e-CIA ngaphakathi kwe-ambassy ayala le ofisi engekho semthethweni, kwakukho unxibelelwano olukhuselekileyo olwanciphisa imfuno yeentlanganiso zomntu kunye nenye inkxaso evela kwi-ambassy. I-ofisi ye-DAI eCaracas ingena ngokugqibeleleyo kule pateni, zombini ukunika i-inshorensi yabucala kunye neyorhwebo kumagosa eCIA kunye nokuzama ukukhupha amagosa ozakuzo kungenelelo olunovakalelo olunjalo kwezopolitiko zangaphakathi zaseVenezuela.
Ukushwankathela esi sibhambathiso, emva kobhukuqo-mbuso olungaphumelelanga luka-Epreli ka-2002, urhulumente wase-United States wayandisa inkqubo yakhe yokungenelela kwinkqubo yezopolitiko yaseVenezuela esebenzisa i-Arhente yoPhuhliso lwaMazwe ngaMazwe (AID) ngohlahlo lwabiwo-mali olukhulu kakhulu kunolo lwe-National Endowment for. Idemokhrasi (NED) kunye neziseko zayo ezine ezinxulumeneyo neenkqubo zayo nenkcaso ziqhubekileyo. Ngo-Agasti ka-2002 i-AID/OTI yenza ikhontrakthi yenkampani yokucebisa iDevelopment Alternatives, Inc. (DAI) ukuba iphuhlise iinkqubo ezohlukeneyo zokuxhasa amaqela aphikisayo ezopolitiko ngohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lonyaka olumalunga nezigidi ezi-5 zeerandi. I-DAI emva koko yaseka iofisi eCaracas, enokwenzeka kakhulu njengephambili kunye nabasebenzi abavela kwiCIA, ngelixa bedlula njengenkxaso eqhelekileyo ye-US transnational corporation. Ngokwenyani, yiofisi ephambili yozakuzo wase-US eguqulwe njengenkampani yabucala.
Ubuncinci iiprojekthi ezingama-67 ukuya kuthi ga ekupheleni kuka-2004 zixhaswe ngemali yinkqubo yeDAI ebizwa ngokuba yiVenezuela: Inyathelo lokwakha ukuzithemba. Iiprojekthi zokuqala ezaqalwa ekwindla ka-2002 zaziyilelwe ukuxhasa ukuvalwa nokonakalisa ishishini leoli ukusuka kuDisemba ka-2002 ukuya kuFebruwari 2003. Lwathi lwasilela ugwayimbo, iDAI yajolisa iiprojekthi zayo kuvoto ka-Agasti ka-2004, kwaye phakathi kwabaxhamli bayo abaphambili yayiyi-Sรยบmate, eyona NGO eyakhuthaza uhlolo-zimvo oluchasene noChavez. Ngokunxuseneyo nale misebenzi iDAI ixhase ngemali uphuhliso lwenkqubo yezopolitiko yeqela eliphikisayo ngokuchasene neBolivarian Revolution eyaziwa ngokuba yiPlan Consensus. Abanye babaxhamli bale projekthi bebe Sifuna Khetha (Sifuna Ukukhetha) kwaye Liderazgo y Umbono (Ubunkokeli kunye noMbono). Ngoku, ekubeni uloyiso lukaMongameli Chavez kwireferendamu kunye nonyulo lwasekhaya kunye nolwelizwe ngo-Oktobha 2004, i-DAI igxile kunyulo lukazwelonke lwe-2005 kunye ne-2006.
Ekupheleni kuka-2004, i-OTI yasebenza kumazwe ali-11 aquka iVenezuela, i-Iraq, i-Afghanistan, iDemocratic Republic of the Congo, iSudan, iBolivia, neHaiti. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba kwiphepha lewebhu le-OTI elinoluhlu lwamazwe apho baneenkqubo, onke amazwe anekhonkco kumaphepha achaza iinkqubo, ngaphandle kweVenezuela engenalo ikhonkco okanye inkcazo yenkqubo. Ngokuphathelele iDAI, ekupheleni kuka-2004 yayineenkqubo kumazwe amaninzi eAfrika, eAsia, eMpuma Yurophu, naseLatin America. Ngaphandle kweVenezuela, yayineenkqubo eBolivia, eKholombiya, eBrazil, e-Ecuador, e-El Salvador, eHaiti, eHonduras, eJamaica, naseMexico phakathi kwezinye). Ezi nkqubo ze-OTI kunye ne-DAI ngokuqinisekileyo zifanelekile ukuphononongwa ukuze zibone ukuba zisebenza phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo njengaseVenezuela, oko kukuthi, imida enokwenzeka kunye ne-CIA.
Iguqulelwe ukusuka kwiSpanish nguMaria Victor
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