Ukuqhekeka kobudlelwane bezozakuzo phakathi kweVenezuela kunye neColombia emva kweseshoni ekhethekileyo ye-OAS ngoJulayi 22 kuphawula inzondo ekhulayo phakathi komongameli ophumayo waseColombia uAlvaro Uribe kunye nomongameli waseVenezuela uHugo Chavez.
Ingxabano phakathi kwezi nkokeli zimbini zezopolitiko aziyonto intsha. Yintoni eyenza idrama-kunye namathuba-olu tshintsho olutsha lweziganeko yimvelaphi.
U-Uribe lidada eliqhwalelayo, ukusukela oko walelwa ukutshintshwa komgaqo-siseko ukuze angenele isihlandlo sesithathu. Oza kungena ezihlangwini zakhe, uJuan Manuel Santos, uza kungena esihlalweni nge-7 ka-Agasti. exhaswa ngurhulumente wase-US ukuya kwi-7 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi. Ngelixa ekhokelela kwinkqubela phambili ekunciphiseni ukubulawa kwabantu kunye nokuthunjwa eColombia, ezi zicwangciso aziphumelelanga ukufezekisa uxolo, kwaye ingxabano yaseColombia iyaqhubeka nokuthatha ubomi kwaye ibangele ukuxhatshazwa kulo lonke ummandla.
I-Santos imele i-Uribe's Party ye-U kwaye yayinenkxaso yakhe kunyulo. Kwakutheni ukuze umongameli afune ingxaki yezozakuzo ngobusuku bokumiselwa kwakhe? Ngokukhawulezisa ikhefu kubudlelwane neVenezuela, u-Uribe ubonakala evakalisa amathandabuzo okuba indlalifa yakhe yezopolitiko iya kuthobela imigaqo-nkqubo yakhe. Ekuphumeni kwakhe, u-Uribe uzama ukutshixa kungquzulwano olushiye iColombia inamahlakani ambalwa eMzantsi.
I-OAS ibuzwa njengeForam
U-Uribe uthathe ishoti yakhe yokwahlukana eVenezuela ukusuka kumgangatho woMbutho waseMelika yaseMelika (OAS). Ukulandela i-paean ende kwiimpumelelo zikarhulumente, umthunywa waseColombia ULuis Alfonso Hoyos uthe ukuba amalungu amalunga ne-1,500 XNUMX abanqolobi “asebenzisa ummandla waseVenezuela engohlwaywa” ukuze ahlasele iColombia aze abandakanyeke ekurhwebeni ngeziyobisi nezixhobo. UHoyos uveze ubungqina obutyholwa kwaye wacela ukuba kwenziwe uphando.
WaseVenezuela umthunywa uRoy Chaderton ubuzile ubungqina obuthiwe thaca kwaye balatha kwinto awayeyijonga kusetyenziso olucalu-calulo lwe-OAS, ebonisa ukuba ukuba kukho nawuphi na umba wamazwe amabini unokuba ngumxholo weseshoni ekhethekileyo, ukuphathwa ngokulinganayo kuya kubandakanya ukubiza abathunywa abaphandayo kwiziseko ezisixhenxe zomkhosi urhulumente waseColombia. wanikezela ukusetyenziswa emkhosini wase-US. IVenezuela yatsho ukuba urhulumente waseColombia usilele ukongamela ummandla womda ngokwaneleyo kwaye waphawula ubunzima bokujikeleza iimayile ezili-1,375 ubukhulu becala kumda wehlathi.
Kwangaloo mini, uMongameli Chavez wabhengeza ukuba unguye ukuqhawula ubudlelwane phakathi kwala mazwe mabini ekukhuseleni “isidima” selizwe lakhe.
Amazwe aliqela ayichasile le seshoni ikhethekileyo, esithi iza kwandisa uxinezeleko. IVenezuela yayibiza ngokuba "yisekisi yeendaba" kwaye yatyhola ukuba uxinzelelo lwase-US kunye neColombia luwunyanzele lo mba ukuba lube kungquzulwano kumgangatho we-OAS, ngelixa bebulela oonozakuzaku ababelumkise ngokuchasene nokusebenzisa iforamu yamazwe amaninzi ukusasaza izikhalazo zaseColombia.
I-Ecuador yakhalaza ngokukrakra kokusetyenziswa kwe-OAS kwizityholo zaseColombia. UMphathiswa Wezangaphandle uRicardo Patiño akakwazanga ukuchasa esithi "Ndikuxelele njalo" xa iseshoni yakhokelela ekuqhekekeni kobudlelwane bezopolitiko phakathi kwala mazwe mabini.
“Ndamxelela (uNobhala Jikelele we-OAS uJose Insulza) ukuba lo mba akufuneki uxoxwe ngolu hlobo, kodwa ngoku masitshintshe 'i-precipitous' ibe 'yokungakhathali'. Esi sisiphumo sokunganikeli ngqalelo kwizinto ezenzekayo kulo mmandla, "utshilo uPatiño, wongeza ukuba u-Insulza waxwayiswa ukuba iseshoni ingakhokelela ekuqhawulweni kobudlelwane bezopolitiko kwaye yahluleka ukwenza umsebenzi wakhe ekuphepheni eso siphumo.
UNobhala Jikelele we-OAS u-Insulza ubonakala ewonakalise ubudlelwane kunye nezizwe ezininzi ngokunikezela kwingcinezelo yaseColombia ukubiza iseshoni ekhethekileyo. Umbutho wabonakala uyibona impazamo yawo ukukhululwa kweendaba eye yarhoxa ekukhokeleni kuyo nayiphi na inzame enkulu ngokuchasene neVenezuela. “I-OAS ivakalise ukukulungela kwayo ukulamla, njengoko yenze kwamanye amaxesha, kodwa lawo kufuneka enze isigqibo ngala mazwe mabini ngesivumelwano. Ungaze lo Mbutho unyanzeliswe kulawulo lwamazwe, kuba ngumbutho wamazwe ngamazwe kwaye awungowomntu ubalaseleyo. ”
Omnye umzuzu ochazayo woMgaqo-nkqubo wase-US waNgaphandle
Kwiseshoni ekhethekileyo, i-ambassador yase-US uCarmen Lomellin uhlolisise uluhlu lwezigqibo malunga nokuzibophelela ukulwa nobunqolobi kummandla-umbandela owawungekho ingxabano-kwaye wabongoza amazwe amabini ukuba afumane "izisombululo ezamkelekileyo", ngaphandle kokubiza ngokukodwa ukubunjwa. yekomishini ye-OAS.
Isithethi seSebe likarhulumente u-PJ Crowley uvumele uphando lwamazwe ngamazwe, kodwa wathi le ndawo inokuba yi-OAS okanye i-UNASUR-umbutho wengingqi wamazwe aseLatin America akhethwa yiBrazil. Kwi I-23 kaJulayi inkomfa yeendaba, wagxeka urhulumente waseVenezuela:
"IVenezuela phakathi kwamanye amazwe akulo mmandla inoxanduva olucacileyo lokulwa nobunqolobi kulo mmandla kunye nokuxhasa iinzame ngaphakathi kwe-OAS kunye ne-UN yokulwa nobunqolobi naphi na apho bukhoyo, ngokucacileyo ngenxa yokukhathazeka kwethu malunga nobudlelwane phakathi kweVenezuela kunye ne-FARC ukuba. asizange siyiqinisekise kwiminyaka yakutshanje iVenezuela njengesebenzisana ngokupheleleyo neUnited States nabanye ngokuphathelele le migudu yokulwa nabanqolobi.”
Xa sibuzwa ukuba ngaba ukufunyaniswa "kokugcina abanqolobi" kungaqinisekisa uhlaselo njengoko kwenzekile e-Afghanistan, isithethi saphendula ngelithi la matyala mabini awafani ngokupheleleyo kwaye urhulumente wase-US angathanda ukuwubona usonjululwa ngoxolo. Nangona kunjalo, isiphakamiso sesinye isenzo somkhosi phantsi kwesizathu sobunqolobi sasothusa esidlangalaleni.
BrazilUrhulumente uyibeke yacaca into yokuba angathanda ukuba lo mba uthatyathwe ngaphakathi kwiManyano yeZizwe zaseMzantsi Melika (UNASUR), ngaphandle kwempembelelo ye-United States. Yabhengeza uMzantsi Merika “ummandla woxolo” yaza yaqinisekisa ukuba iingxaki phakathi kwamazwe zifanele kujongwane nazo kuqala macala omabini. Abameli be-UNASUR badibana ukuze baxoxe ngalo mbandela kodwa basilela ukufikelela kwisisombululo sokuvumelana. Amalungu ngoku acele ingqungquthela yomongameli wamalungu e-UNASUR ukuba athathe lo mbandela, ebonisa indlela obaluleke ngayo umba kulo mmandla.
Utshintsho olunempikiswano yaseColombia
Enye inkcazo yokugwetywa kuka-Uribe esidlangalaleni waseVenezuela ngaphambi nje kokurhoxa kukuba inkokeli yaseColombia inexhala lokuba umongameli ozayo uza kuxolelana kakhulu nolawulo lukaChavez. An umhleli eLa Semana umisa ukuba ixesha lalibekwe ngononophelo “lokonakalisa iinzame zikamongameli omtsha uSantos zokulungelelanisa ubudlelwane norhulumente kaHugo Chavez.”
Kukho iingxelo ezigxininisayo ukuba uSantos uthanda a ukunyibilika kobudlelwane phakathi kwala mazwe mabini. Umongameli onyuliweyo wenze iingxelo ezininzi ezibonisa injongo yakhe yokwakha kwakhona ubudlelwane nelizwe elingummelwane.
Uneentshukumisa ezinamandla zokwenjenjalo. Nangona i-posture ekhubekisayo ebhekiselele ku-Chavez isebenze ekuqiniseni ubudlelwane kunye ne-US kunye nabavoti base-Colombian malunga neqhinga "lokhuseleko lwentando yesininzi" kunye nesivumelwano sesiseko sase-US, ijika ibe yintlekele kuqoqosho. I Kutshanje urhulumente waseColombia unike ingxelo ukuba ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweColombia eVenezuela kwawa nge-71% phakathi kukaJanuwari noMeyi walo nyaka xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo kunyaka ophelileyo, emele ilahleko yemisebenzi eqikelelwa kwi-350,000. ISebe lezeMali laseColombia libala ukuba ukuhla kwezorhwebo kunye neVenezuela kuya kubiza uqoqosho lwesiqingatha sokukhula kulo nyaka, ngaphezu kwenqaku elipheleleyo kunyaka odlulileyo. IVenezuela yamisa urhwebo kunye nommelwane wayo bekhalazela isivumelwano saseColombia sokuvumela i-US ukufikelela kuyo iziseko zomkhosi ezisixhenxe elizweni.
Owayesakuba ligosa leSebe leBush State, uRoger Noriega, umgxeki kabukhali kaChavez kunye nomxhasi oshisekayo ka-Uribe, ukwaphawula ukuba uhlaselo luka-Uribe lwenza ubomi banzima kwiSantos, kodwa kwelinye icala locingo lwengcamango.
“Okumangalisayo kukuba, omnye woorhulumente owabekwa ngu-Uribe ngoozakuzaku bakhe ngulowo walandela uJuan Manuel Santos, oza kungena ezihlangwini zakhe ngoAgasti 7. Abanye abakhi-mkhanya bathi u-Uribe akakhohlisi kugqatso lukaSantos lokubonakalisa ukuzimela geqe ngokumisela izikhundla. kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo anceda abo bakhuphisana nabo baka-Uribe. Enye imbono yeyokuba u-Uribe wayefuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba umntu oza kungena ezihlangwini zakhe akanakufuna indawo yokuhlala noChavez oyingozi.” U-Noriega ugqiba kwelokuba i-US kufuneka ixhase "i-gambit" ngokuxhasa umongameli ophumayo kwizityholo zakhe nxamnye neVenezuela.
Uhlaselo lwase-US-Colombia ngokuchasene neVenezuela ngeli xesha lotshintsho lwezopolitiko lubeka isoyikiso esikhulu kuzinzo lwengingqi. Uribe uye wathembela ngokuqhubekayo kwimpendulo visceral welungelo ngamazwe, imikhosi ngaphakathi US urhulumente kunye nesizwe anti-Venezuela uluvo e Colombia ukwakha uloyiko Chavez esekelwe ngakumbi ingqiqo wadala kunokuba kuhlalutyo-entloko epholileyo. Ngokucacileyo, uninzi lwe-FARC, i-ELN kunye nemikhosi ye-paramilitary ye-rightwing ibhengeze "ubunqolobi", isebenza ngaphakathi kweColombia.
Ngokweengxelo zeendaba, urhulumente waseVenezuela ngoku undwendwela amazwe kulo lonke elaseMzantsi Melika ukubonisana nesicwangciso soxolo esiza kunikezelwa kwintlanganiso ye-UNASUR ngoJulayi 29. I-Reuters icatshulwa Umphathiswa Wezangaphandle waseVenezuela uNicolas Maduro esithi, "IVenezuela ... ihamba nesicwangciso soxolo esicetywayo. Kufuneka siyisombulule eyona ngxaki, yimfazwe yaseColombia.”
I-Upshot
Iiveki ezizayo ziza kubonisa indlela odlala ngayo lo mdlalo. Endaweni yoko isithonga sika-Uribe sokuhlukana sisenokuba siye ngqo elunyaweni lwakhe. Endaweni yokubambisa umntu oza kungena ezihlangwini zakhe kwindawo enzima ejonge eVenezuela, ukugxekwa esidlangalaleni kuye kwahlanganisa iinzame zaseMzantsi Melika zokufuna uxolo noxolelwaniso-hayi ngokujolisa ngokukodwa kwindima enokubakho yeVenezuela yokugcina abavukeli kodwa ngombono obanzi wokukhuthaza iingxoxo zoxolo ziphele. ungquzulwano eColombia.
Ukuqhawuka kweVenezuela kubangele ingxoxo-mpikiswano kumajelo eendaba aseColombia malunga neendleko zoqoqosho zokulwa kwaye kwabangela ukuba namaqela amashishini alondolozayo abuze ubulumko bokuhlukanisa isizwe kummelwane kunye neqabane elikhulu lezorhwebo. Oku kuya kubonisa uxinzelelo olubhekiselele kurhulumente omtsha.
I-OAS isenokuba izimba ingcwaba layo ngokuvumela i-US kunye noorhulumente baseColombia ukuba basebenzise iforamu yamazwe amaninzi kwi-agendas enkulu kunye neengcamango. Ukungalingani kwindlela esebenza ngayo kuye kwatshabalalisa ukuthembeka kwayo kwaye kwanika intembeko kwikhwelo lokomeleza ezinye iiforam zezozakuzaku zaseMelika zaseLatin America njenge-UNASUR, apho iWashington ingabandakanywanga. Oku akufuneki kujongwe njengesiphumo esibi, kuba ikhuthaza izisombululo zengingqi kwiingxaki zengingqi kunye nobudlelwane obulinganayo obusekwe kwidiplomacy endaweni yamandla omkhosi aphezulu.
Kwakhona, iColombia kunye ne-US ziye zahlukanisa amandla engingqi, iBrazil, kunye namanye amahlakani. Ukuba urhulumente wase-US akazixhasi iinzame zaseMzantsi Melika ngaphandle kwe-OAS zokusombulula le ngxaki, umgca wempazamo we-hemispheric ophuma kwi-Andes uya kwanda-ukubenzakalisa abemi kuwo onke amazwe.
Ukuba umnxeba wesicwangciso soxolo eColombia ufumana inkxaso kwiLatin America kunye nakurhulumente omtsha waseSantos, i-US iya kufuneka ichaze ukuba inika inkxaso epheleleyo kwiinzame zoxolo okanye iyaqhubeka nezicwangciso zomkhosi ze-Plan Colombia. Ukongeza kwiVenezuela, iBrazil kunye ne-UNASUR (phantsi kobunkokeli bukaNestor Kirchner) baxoxa ngemigudu yoxolo. Uninzi lwezizwe zaseLatin America ziya kuxhasa isicwangciso. Ukuba iColombia kunye norhulumente wase-US bayayikhaba le migudu, kuya kufuneka baphendule kwizityholo zokuthintela iiprojekthi zokwakha uxolo kwingingqi.
U-Uribe uthe akayi "kukhohliswa" ngeentetho zoxolo, ebonisa ukuchasana kwakhe nesicwangciso soxolo ngaphambi kokuba isicwangciso esithile sibekwe etafileni.
"Xa inyoka yabanqolobi ivakalelwa kukuba iyafuthaniselwa, emva koko icela iinkqubo zoxolo, ukuthatha ioksijini kwaye ibuyele kwityhefu kwakhona," watsho.
Logama nje iKholombiya, ixhaswa yiUnited States, isala ukukholelwa eluxolweni kwaye ngenkuthalo ikhuthaza ungquzulwano ngokwahlula izizwe kunye nokutshintsha uxanduva, ngokucacileyo akunakubakho nkqubela-phambili eluxolweni. Bambalwa abantu abakholelwa ukuba imfazwe phakathi kwala mazwe mabini isemnyango. Kodwa imeko inokuba mandundu ngakumbi imfazwe. Umkhosi wase-US uyaqhubeka nokwandisa ubukho bawo kumhlaba waseColombia njengoko iinkampani zokhuselo zase-US zifumana iikontrakthi ezinejusi kwaye abarhafi base-US banyathela ityala lomgaqo-nkqubo osekwe emfazweni ongasebenzanga. Izigidi zabantu baseColombia ziye zagxothwa lungquzulwano olubonakala lungenasiphelo. Ukuphulwa kwamalungelo oluntu kunye namahlazo afana "neempembelelo zobuxoki" ezibulewe ngumkhosi waseColombia ziphakamisa imibuzo enzulu malunga neendleko zentlalo yemfazwe. Ukungavisisani nezizwe ezingabamelwane - hayi iVenezuela kuphela - kuphenjelelwe sisimo sika-Uribe sokujongana ngezikhondo zamehlo. Ingxaki ayikokuba “yipro-Colombia” okanye “ipro-Venezuela”—yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokunciphisa ungquzulwano ngexesha elinzima.
Ngaba iUnited States izimisele ukubeka emngciphekweni uxolo nokhuseleko lwengingqi nje ukuxhasa iColombia kwaye ifumane amanqaku ngokuchasene neVenezuela?
ULaura Carlsen ungumlawuli weNkqubo yeCIP Americas kwi www.cipamericas.org
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
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