Ngaphandle kokukhanyelwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo nguMongameli Bush kunye nabanye kulawulo lwakhe lokuba urhulumente wase-US akabandakanyekanga ekuthuthumbiseni okanye ukunikezela ngamabanjwa kumazwe akwenzayo, inani leengxelo zamangqina kunye neengxelo zeendaba ziyaphikisana nezo zibhengezo ze-White House. Emva kwe-11 Septemba, ukuhlaselwa kwe-2001 kwisiXeko saseNew York naseWashington, ulawulo lwaseBush lwamkela umgaqo-nkqubo obizwa ngokuba "uguqulelo olungaqhelekanga" oluvumela ukuhanjiswa kwenani elincinci labarhanelwa bobugrogrisi kumazwe asebenzisa iindlela zokugocagoca ngenkohlakalo ezingekho mthethweni e-U.S.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, umgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente โwokubuyiselaโ uye wanda kakhulu, yaye uqikelelo lubeka inani lamabanjwa avalelwe eUnited States atshintshelwa kumazwe angcungcuthekisayo ali-150. Abo bebephantsi kwalo mgaqo baquka uMaher Arar, ummi waseKhanada owabanjwa. kwisiXeko saseNew York waza wathunyelwa eSyria, apho wangcungcuthekiswa iinyanga ngaphambi kokuba akhululwe ngaphandle kwentlawulo. Elinye ibanjwa, uMamdouh Habib, otyholwa ngokuqeqesha uninzi lwabaqweqwedisi be-9/11, wabanjelwa kwi-US-run Guantanamo Bay, indawo yogcino lwaseCuba kwaye kamva watshintshelwa e-Egypt apho athi wabethwa waze watshiswa. Isiqwenga kwi-8 kaFebruwari yemagazini yaseNew Yorker nguJane Mayer, enesihloko esithi, "I-Outsourcing Torture," ichaza inkqubo yoguqulelo kunye nezinye izityholo ezenziwe kulawulo lukaBush.
Phakathi kweThe Lines uScott Harris uthethe noMichael Ratner, umongameli weZiko lamaLungelo oMgaqo-siseko kunye negqwetha eliyintloko lamabanjwa avalelwe kwi-Guantanamo U.S. Naval Base. U-Ratner uvakalisa inkxalabo yakhe enkulu malunga nomgaqo-nkqubo woguqulelo kunye nomyalezo othunyelwe kwihlabathi ngokuqinisekiswa kwe-Senate yakutshanje ka-Alberto Gonzalez njengo-Bush iGqwetha Jikelele elitsha lolawulo.
UMichael Ratner: Ewe, siye saqaphela oku ngokwenene ngoDisemba 2002; kwakukho amanqaku athile kwiWashington Post athi iU.S. yayinoqheliselo olubizwa ngokuba โyinguqulelo engaqhelekanga.โ Kuhlala kukho umkhuba omncinci wokuguqulelwa phantsi koMongameli uClinton, apho bathatha abantu kwilizwe elinye baze babahambise kwelinye ilizwe ngeenjongo, ngokuqhelekileyo ukutshutshisa ubugebengu apho ??? abanako ukufumana intsebenziswano njl. Oku akusiyo isenzo esisemthethweni, kodwa bakwenza oko kwiimeko ezimbalwa.
Emva kwe-9/11, kuye kwacaca kumanqaku athile eendaba nakweminye imithombo ukuba banenkqubo entsha ebizwa ngokuba โyinguqulelo engaqhelekanga.โ Oku kuthetha izinto ezimbini: Babeza kukwenza oku kwisiseko esibanzi sokuchola abantu kwihlabathi liphela, ngokusisiseko โbanyamalalaโ kumakhaya abo, kwiindawo abahlala kuzo okanye kumazwe abo - okanye kulo naliphi na ilizwe ababekulo - kwaye babase kwiindawo apho babeya kuncinwa ngokuthuthunjiswa. Iindawo ababeza kubasa kuzo yayiyi-Egypt, Morocco; kwimeko esiyimeleyo, uMaher Arar, (u) yindoda eyasiwa eSiriya, nakwamanye amazwe. Kwaye bakwenza oko ndicinga ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yezizathu ezibini: Esinye babanga ukuba kukho iindlela ababengafuni ukuzisebenzisa kubantu ababengcungcuthekiswa, kwaye ngandlelโ ithile oko bekuya kuba semthethweni ukuba amanye amazwe akwenzile oko kwaye awazange enze. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ayisosizathu esilungileyo somthetho, oko kunceda kunye no-abetting - kwaye okwesibini yintoni enomdla, ngokuqinisekileyo, i-US yazibandakanya ekuthuthumbiseni.
Umntu wokuqala esimfumeneyo owasikrobisa kuyo yayiyindoda egama linguMaher Arar, wayebuya eTunisia, ummi waseKhanada kwinqwelomoya yohambo kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya saseKennedy. (Waye) wathathwa eKennedy, wathi ungumnqolobi ngurhulumente wase-United States, wathunyelwa eSiriya kwenye yezo jets zabucala zeCitation, nto leyo abayenzayo ukuhambisa abantu kwihlabathi lonke, kwaye bathuthunjiswa eSiriya. . Ekugqibeleni ngenxa yokuba wayengumKhanada, kuba sasimazi ukuba ukhona, kuba wakwazi ukufowunela umfazi wakhe waseKennedy ngaphambi kokuba akhutshwe, samkhupha emva kweenyanga ezili-10 kunye neentsuku ezili-10 kwisisele esingaphantsi komhlaba.
Ukususela ngoko, kukho amaxwebhu amaninzi nangakumbi alo mkhuba. Kwaye lo mkhuba awukho mbi kuphela ngengqiqo yokuba wophula imida kwaye uyaxhwila, kodwa uyanyamalala abantu kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi ndicinga ukuba bayanyamalala ngenxa yokuthuthunjiswa, kwaye mhlawumbi bangaze baphinde baviwe. Ngokomzekelo, andicingi ukuba abantu babelindele ukuba iArar, indoda yaseSiriya, iphinde iviwe kwakhona. Ngoko ngumsebenzi omkhulu oqhubekayo ngoku. Ilizwe lethu liphakamise izandla ngengqiniba, ukuba alikho phezulu, kulo mkhuba. Between The Lines: Yintoni eyenziwa ngamaqela amalungelo oluntu kunye nombutho wakho ukucela umngeni kwesi senzo?
UMichael Ratner: Scott, kuye kwaba nzima kakhulu ukufikelela kuyo. Uyazi ukuba sinamatyala alindele iGuantanamo ngokucacileyo ekuthuthunjisweni. Sinetyala loMthetho weNkululeko yoLwazi esize nawo kunye namanye amaqela ahlukeneyo, ooGqirha bamaLungelo oLuntu, i-ACLU kunye nabanye, ukuzama ukufikelela ezantsi. Amaqela afana - uphando olwamiselwa ngurhulumente wethu njengophando lweSchlesinger kunye nabanye. Ukuba ufunda ezo ngxelo ziphumileyo, i-CIA iyala ukuthetha nabani na malunga nento abayenzayo. Ukuba ujonga iimemo zeGonzalez kunye nazo zonke ezinye iimemo zokuhlushwa, ezo ngandlel 'ithile zaziyimfuneko ngokwenene ukuvumela i-CIA ukuba ibandakanyeke kwizenzo ezithile zokuhlushwa. Kwiimemo zoguqulelo, ezi malunga noguqulelo olungaqhelekanga, olucelwe yikomitana (i-Senate yase-US) ekuvumeni uGonzalez, iKomiti yezoBulungisa, ayizange ibone ukukhanya kwemini, ngoko asazi ukuba bathini.
Lo ngummandla onzima kakhulu ukufikelela kuwo, ngandlela thile sisithende se-Achilles. Kulapho eyona miba imbi kakhulu engekho semthethweni, ebizwa ngokuba yimfazwe yobugrogrisi.
Phakathi kweMizila: U-Alberto Gonzalez uqinisekisiwe nje ngokuba ligqwetha elitsha lase-US. Ngowuphi umyalezo awuthumelayo kwihlabathi malunga nokunyamezela kweMelika kwintuthumbo kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yexesha elizayo enokuthi iphume kulawulo lukaBush malunga nokuthuthunjiswa?
UMichael Ratner: Ewe, iyakhathaza kakhulu. Ndiyathetha ukuba, u-Alberto Gonzalez wayengenguye kuphela owabhalayo, wabhalayo kwaye wayenoxanduva lwememo eyayibiza izenzo zokugocagocwa okanye ukukhuselwa kweeNdibano zaseGeneva "eziphelelwe lixesha" kunye namanye amalungiselelo, "amnandi." Nguye owathi iGeneva ayifanele isebenze kubantu abathathiweyo, kwaye izibonelelo zobuntu zaseGeneva akufanele zisebenze. Nguye naye owayebandakanyeka kwimemo edumileyo evela (uMncedisi weGqwetha Jikelele uJay S.) u-Bybee owachaza ukuhlushwa ngokukhawuleza kangangokuba yonke into oyibonayo e-Abu Ghraib ayiyi kuthathwa njengentuthumbo. Kwaye ngubani nanamhlanje onyanzelisa ukuba abantu abangengabo abemi, kwaye ndifuna ukuyigxininisa le nto, abantu abangengabo abemi ababanjelwe ngaphandle kwe-United States abakhuselwanga kwimpatho ekhohlakeleyo, engenabuntu nethoba isidima- eliligama lamagqwetha ethu elithetha ngokuphathwa ngendlela engenabuntu. umthunzi phantsi kwentuthumbo. Ke le ndoda iqinisekisiweyo.
Ithumela umyalezo othini? Ithumela imiyalezo emibini kum kwaye ndicinga kumaqabane ethu kunye nehlabathi lonke kunye noluntu lwamalungelo oluntu. Enye yeyokuba asala kuphela ukuphanda kunye nokunyuka kuluhlu lomyalelo ekuthuthunjisweni, kodwa ngokwenene siphakamisa izikhundla zabathuthumbisi, kunye nabo babandakanyekayo ekuthuthumbiseni ngokwabo.
Ke uAlberto Gonzalez uqinisekiswa njengegqwetha jikelele. UJaji uMichael Chertoff ujongene noKhuseleko lweLizwe. Ukutyunjwa kwakhe (kwaku) kuphakanyiswe kancinci kulindelwe ezinye zeememo. Kodwa kwakhona kubonakala ukuba wayebandakanyekile ekwamkeleni iindlela ezahlukahlukeneyo endicinga ukuba zibandakanya ukuthuthumbisa. UnoDonald Rumsfeld wandiswa iminyaka emine njengeNtloko yeSebe lezoKhuselo, uNobhala wezoKhuselo, kwaye kwakhona wayebandakanyeka ngokunzulu ekuxhatshazweni. UnoLt. Jikelele uRicardo S. Sanchez, intloko yase-Iraq ngexesha lika-Abu Ghraib, intloko yemikhosi apho kuqwalaselwa inkwenkwezi yesine.
Ke, siphakamisa abantu, kwaye ngokokubona kwam oko kwenza ukuba bonke abo bantu bazimiseleyo ukubaphakamisa, babavotele, bacinge ukuba kufuneka bafumane imisebenzi yabo, ngokusisiseko babandakanyeka - ukuba akunjalo kwintuthumbo ngokwayo - kwi-cover- phezulu kwintuthumbo.
Iqela lamaqela amalungelo oluntu licele ukuba kwenziwe uphando oluzimeleyo, okanye abatshutshisi abakhethekileyo baqeshwe, ngenxa yokuba uAlberto Gonzalez akafanelekanga ngokupheleleyo.
UMichael Ratner ngumongameli weZiko lamaLungelo oMgaqo-siseko kunye nombhali kunye no-Ellen Ray wencwadi ethi: "Guantanamo: Yintoni eMawuyazi Ihlabathi." Qhagamshelana neZiko lamaLungelo oMgaqo-siseko ngokufowunela (212) 614-6464, okanye undwendwele iwebhusayithi yeZiko ku-www.ccr-ny.org.
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Nikela