"Ndivotele uChavez njengoMongameli, kodwa kungekhona ngoku. Kuba bandixelele ukuba ukuba uhlaziyo ludlula, baya kuthatha unyana wam, kuba uya kuba ngurhulumente," kusho uGladys Castro kwiveki ephelileyo, ummi waseColombia. uye wahlala eVenezuela iminyaka eli-16, yaye ucoca izindlu ukuze aziphilise.
Asinguye yedwa uGladys owakholelwayo la marhe obuxoki awavileyo. Amawakawaka abantu baseVenezuela, uninzi lwabo bengabalandeli bakaChavez, bathenge izinto ezibaxayo kunye nobuxoki malunga noHlaziyo loMgaqo-siseko waseVenezuela olujikeleze ilizwe lonke kangangeenyanga. Kwiiveki nje ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, nangona kunjalo, iphulo le-disinformation lilungelelanise iinotshi ezahlukeneyo njengoko amaqela aphikisayo kunye nemibutho echasene nohlengahlengiso ibeka iintengiso ezinkulu kumaphepha amakhulu aseVenezuela.
Elona hlazo libi yayiliphepha-ndaba elingaziwayo elinamaphepha amabini elisasazwe elona phephandaba likhulu elizweni, i-Últimas Noticias, nelibanga ngoHlaziyo loMgaqo-siseko:
"Ukuba unguMama, ULAHLEKILE! Kuba uya kuphulukana nendlu yakho, usapho lwakho kunye nabantwana bakho (abantwana baya kuba ngabelizwe)."
Isibhengezo esingekho mthethweni, esabanjwa saza sanqunyanyiswa liBhunga leSizwe loNyulo laseVenezuela (CNE) emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa kumaphephandaba, lifumene ingqwalasela ephezulu kumaphephandaba aseVenezuela, kwaye noChavez wahlekisa ngayo ngoLwesihlanu odlulileyo kwipro yasebusuku. -Chavez intetho show, La Hojilla. Into ebonakala ngathi ayihoywanga ngokupheleleyo, nangona kunjalo, yinto yokuba intengiso ngokwayo yabekwa ngumbutho osisiseko sawo, iinkampani ezininzi ezincedisayo zawona maqumrhu amakhulu ase-US asebenza eVenezuela.
Disinformation & Propaganda
Iqhinga lokoyikisa oomama baseVenezuela ayisiyiyo yodwa inkcazelo engachananga kwintengiso engachazwanga igama layo. Phantsi komxholo othi, “Ngubani ophumeleleyo nophulukeneyo,” ihlabela mgama ixelela abafundi ukuba phantsi kohlaziyo olutsha, baya kuphulukana nelungelo labo lonqulo; ukuba abantu abazizigidi ezisisi-9.5 baza kuphelelwa ngumsebenzi; ukuba oosomashishini abancinci, abakhulu okanye abasebenzisanayo baya kuphulukana "nevenkile, ikhaya, ishishini, iteksi okanye intsebenziswano"; ukuba imikhosi yasezidolophini, yasemaphandleni neyasezintabeni iza kuthatha indawo yoMkhosi weSizwe; ukuba abafundi baya kuphulukana nelungelo labo lokugqiba ngento abafuna ukuyifundela; ukuba ii-campesinos ziza kulahlekelwa ngenxa yokuba aziyi kuba ngabanini bomhlaba wabo; kunye nokuba ixabiso lemali yaseVenezuela, iBolivar, iya kuhla kunye nexabiso lamakhaya aseVenezuela, iimoto, imihlaba yeefama (finca), kunye nezifundo zemfundo.
Amagqabantshintshi kwisibhengezo abhekisa kumanqaku athile ahlaziyiweyo kuMgaqo-siseko, ngokungathi abonelela ngereferensi kubafundi ukuba baqinisekise ibango. Kakade ke, ukuphonononga ngokufutshane inqaku elikwireferensi liqinisekisa ukuba ibango ngalinye libubuxoki ngokupheleleyo, okanye lubaxo oluhlekisayo kunye nokuguqulwa kohlaziyo. Inqaku le-112, umzekelo, isibhengezo sithi siya kuthatha abantwana baseVenezuela kwiintsapho zabo, eneneni lixoxa ngophuhliso loqoqosho kunye nemveliso.
Kwiveki ephelileyo, emva kothotho lweepropaganda ezingekho semthethweni kwicala leenkampu zombini kunye ne-anti reform, iBhunga leSizwe loNyulo laseVenezuela (CNE) laqala ukuqhekeka, lilandela isithembiso sabo sokulawula ipropaganda. Kwisibhengezo kwiveki ephelileyo, uTibisay Lucena, uMongameli we-CNE wenza isalathiso esithe ngqo kwisiqwenga esithi "Ngubani ophumeleleyo kwaye olahlekelweyo", ebonisa ukungabikho mthethweni kwayo ngenxa yobuxoki kunye nokungaziwa kwayo. Nangona ipapashwe njengenqaku elingaziwa, uLucena ubhengeze ukuba ngokwenombolo yerhafu esemthethweni (RIF) epapashwe kunye nenqaku, intengiso ngokwenene ibekwe yiCámara de Industriales del estado Carabobo (I-Carabobo State Chamber of Industry).
I-Carabobo State Chamber of Industry (CIEC)
I-CIEC ngumbutho oneminyaka eyi-71 ubudala, esekelwe kwikomkhulu le-Carabobo ye-Valencia, edibanisa amashishini angaphezu kwama-250 kummandla. Phakathi kwezo kukho intaphane yezibonelelo eziqulunqa ngokuthe ngqo ukuba ngubani odwelisa amanye awona maqumrhu amakhulu nanamandla ase-US, kuquka (phakathi kwabanye): iFord, iGeneral Motors, iDaimlerChrysler, iBridgestone Firestone, iGoodyear, iAlcoa, iShell, iPfizer, iDupont, Cargill, Coca-Cola, Kraft, Novartis, Unilever, Heinz, Johnson & Johnson, Citibank, Colgate Palmolive, DHL kunye ne-Owens Illinois.
Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, ummandla uthwala ubunzima obubalulekileyo kunye nezinto ezinomdla e-US. Unozakuzaku omtsha wase-US eVenezuela, uPatrick Duddy, watsho njalo xa wayetyelele eCarabobo kwiiveki ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo kuhambo lwakhe lokuqala olusemthethweni eVenezuela.
“IValencia liziko lemizi-mveliso elibaluleke kakhulu elinobukho beenkampani zaseMelika ezidala amawaka emisebenzi kwaye zikwaqhuba iinkqubo zentlalontle ezinceda uluntu olungqongileyo kunye nabasebenzi bazo,” utshilo uMthunywa uDuddy.
Ngokutsho kwenqaku kwiwebhusayithi ye-ambassy yase-US, ngexesha lokuhlala kwakhe eValencia, uDuddy wadibana nebhodi yeVenzuelan-American Chamber of Commerce and Industry, ibhodi yeFedecámaras eCarabobo, kunye nenani lezi zixhobo zikhankanywe ngasentla, kuquka iGM. , Chrysler, kunye neFord. Kwakhona wachitha ixesha kunye nebhodi ye-CIEC, kwaye ngokukodwa, ngoko uMongameli we-CIEC u-Ernesto Vogeler, ophinde abe nguMlawuli oyiNtloko weProtinal / Proagro, i-subsidiary ye-Ag Processing, Inc. (AGP), i-AG yase-Omaha. indlu.
Kwimeko yesiqhelo, konke oku kuya kubonakala kuqhelekile ngokupheleleyo: Unozakuzaku wamazwe angaphandle udibana namasebe amakhulu elizwe lakhe, kunye nomongameli wendlu yoshishino abakulo. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka sikhumbule ngokufutshane indima edlalwe ngamashishini ase-US kulo lonke elaseLatin America, nokuba sithetha ngohlaselo lweNkampani ye-United Fruit yokudiliza ngokuchasene noMongameli waseGuatemala onyulwe ngokwedemokhrasi uJacobo Arbenz Guzmán ngeminyaka yoo-1950, okanye inkxaso ka-Anaconda Copper yokubhukuqwa kweChile. USalvador Allende ngeminyaka yee-1970. I-Alcoa, i-GM, i-Citibank kunye neenkampani ezininzi ezikhankanywe ngasentla ziyakwazi ukuphosa ubunzima bazo, nokuba kusemthethweni ngokomthetho, okanye iindlela ezingaphezulu zokuguqula.
Utshintsho
Ewe kunjalo, iyavakala ukuba kutheni iinkampani zase-US ezizinze eVenezuela zichasene nohlaziyo. Amanqaku ahlukeneyo, ukuba ayasetyenziswa, anokuthi anciphise ingeniso enokubakho, efana nohlaziyo lwenqaku 301. Phantsi koMgaqo-siseko ka-1999 eli nqaku lathi:
"Abantu bamanye amazwe, amashishini kunye nezinto eziphilayo abanakunikwa imvume enenzuzo ngakumbi kunezo zimiselwe amaqumrhu esizwe."
Nangona kunjalo, phantsi kohlaziyo, isigwebo sokugqibela sanqunyulwa:
"Utyalo-mali lwangaphandle luxhomekeke kwiimeko ezifanayo notyalo-mali lwesizwe."
Ngoko ke umntu unokutsho ukuba utyalo-mali lwelizwe lunokunikwa iimeko ezincomekayo kunotyalo-mali lwangaphandle.
ISiqendu 115 sikhusela iindlela ezintsha zepropathi yentlalontle kunye neyoluntu, apho abaxhasi abachasene nohlengahlengiso banoloyiko lokuba ingasetyenziselwa ukuhlutha impahla yabucala.
Ngaphezulu koku, urhulumente waseVenezuela kutshanje upasise imithetho emitsha kushishino lweemoto olukhulayo eVenezuela, olunokuba nezikhulu zeemoto zase-US, uGM, uChrysler, kunye noFord banoloyiko malunga nekamva labo elibonakalayo eVenezuela. Nangona ukuthengiswa kweemoto eVenezuela kuye kwaxhuma phantse i-300% kule minyaka mithathu idlulileyo, kwiinzame zokutyhala imveliso yasekhaya engaphezulu, urhulumente waseVenezuela uye wapasisa imithetho emitsha elawula ishishini leemoto, ngokutsho kwenqaku lokuqala likaNovemba kwiphephandaba lemihla ngemihla laseVenezuela i-El. Yelizwe. Phakathi kwabo, imfuno "yelayisensi yokungenisa" ukuze kuthengiswe iimoto zangaphandle, isigunyaziso sokufakela igesi yendalo kuzo zonke izithuthi eziveliswe emva kwe-2007, kunye nokungeniswa kwee-motor kuphela ezingadityaniswanga emva kwe-2010, ukuze zisetyenziswe ukusetyenziswa kwemveliso yesizwe. amalungu motor.
Uqhanqalazo eValencia
Ngokweengxelo, eValencia kwiveki ephelileyo, imibala epheleleyo yeCIEC echasene nohlaziyo yakhutshwa ngexesha lokumatsha kwabafundi abachasayo. Ngokwamaphepha amakhulu anamhlanje, uqhanqalazo olunobundlobongela eValencia izolo lushiye umntu ofileyo, abenzakeleyo abohlukeneyo, kwaye ubuncinci be-15 bavalelwe.
Ibiya kuba kukungakhathali ukwenza izityholo ngaphandle kobungqina, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ulwazi lwethu luvela phi na, ukuba lunokuqinisekiswa, kwaye ngoobani abanomdla ababandakanyekayo. Oku kunjalo ngoku, kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa ngaphambi kweReferendum yoHlaziyo loMgaqo-siseko waseVenezuela. Ngethemba lokuba abantu baseVenezuela baya kuba nakho ukucacisa inyani kwiintsomi kwaye benze ezabo izigqibo ezifundileyo ukuba bavote "sí" okanye "hayi" ngeCawe ezayo.
NjengoGladys Castro, othe waphinda waqwalasela imeko yakhe eqinileyo ngokuchasene nohlaziyo. Njengoko watshoyo kwiveki ephelileyo, xa ebona ukuba amahemuhemu ebewava abubuxoki, “Ewe, ndiza kufunda [uhlaziyo], ndicinge ngakumbi, kwaye mhlawumbi ndiza kuyivotela emva kwayo yonke loo nto. Mhlawumbi ayinguye yedwa.
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