Ngaba uyakhumbula emva phayaa xa uMongameli uBarack Obama wathembisa ukuvala iGuantanamo, abuyisele ukuma kokuziphatha kwe-United States kwaye aphelise umkhwa wokuthuthumbisa? Kwakungekudalanga kangako - ngoJanuwari 2009. Njengenye yezenzo zakhe zokuqala njengomongameli, u-Obama watyikitya umyalelo olawulayo ukuzibophelela ekuvaleni intolongo kwisithuba esingangonyaka nokuphelisa isiko lokungcungcuthekisa abantu.
Wayekwazi ukubaluleka kwesi sikhundla sinemigaqo. Kwi idilesi enkulu kukhuseleko lwesizwe kamva kwangaloo nyaka, uMongameli u-Obama ubambelele kumonakalo owenziwe yimigaqo-nkqubo yolawulo lukaBush lokuvalelwa okungapheliyo, ukuthuthunjiswa kunye nokuphathwa gadalala.
โKwakhona alithandabuzeki elokuba iGuantanamo yalibuyisela umva igunya lokuziphatha eliyeyona mali inamandla yaseMerika ehlabathini lonke. Endaweni yokwakha isakhelo esiluqilima somzabalazo ochasene ne-al Qaeda ebesithathela kwiinqobo ezisemgangathweni kunye nezithethe zethu esizibambe ngokunzulu, urhulumente wethu ebekhusela izikhundla ezijongela phantsi ulawulo lomthetho. Enyanisweni, inxalenye yengqiqo yokuseka iGuantanamo kwindawo yokuqala yayiyingcamango ephosakeleyo yokuba intolongo apho iya kuba ngaphaya komthetho - isindululo sokuba iNkundla ePhakamileyo yakhatywa ngokuvakalayo. Okwangoku, endaweni yokusebenza njengesixhobo sokulwa nobunqolobi, iGuantanamo yaba luphawu olwanceda i-al Qaeda igaye abanqolobi kwinjongo yayo. Ewe, ubukho beGuantanamo kusenokwenzeka ukuba badale abanqolobi ngakumbi kwihlabathi liphela kunokuba bavalelwe. Ke irekhodi licacile: Endaweni yokusigcina sikhuselekile, intolongo yaseGuantanamo yenze buthathaka ukhuseleko lwelizwe laseMelika. Sisikhalo esirhangqisayo ngenxa yeentshaba zethu. Ibuyisela umva ukuzimisela kwabasebenzisana nathi ekulweni utshaba olusebenza kumazwe amaninzi. Ngawo nawuphi na umlinganiselo, iindleko zokusigcina sivulekile zingaphezulu lee kwiingxaki ezibandakanyekileyo ekuyivaleni. Yiyo loo nto ndiye ndaxoxa ngelithi kufuneka livalwe ngalo lonke ixesha lokukhankasela kwam, yiyo loo nto ndiye ndayalela ukuba livalwe ungaphelanga unyaka.โ
Kuvakala kulungile, akunjalo?
Kodwa ulawulo luvumele ezo ngxaki ukuba zidlule yonke enye into. Kwi kutshanje Washington Post inqaku, igosa lolawulo elingachazwanga igama liyavuma ukuba: "I-Gitmo iza kuhlala ivulekile kwikamva elibonakalayo."
Ngaba oku kuthetha ukuba kwikamva elibonakalayo amadoda athanda Djamel Ameziane Ngaba uya kuhlala uvaleleke kwiwebhu yokuzahlula eGuantanamo?
U-Djamel Ameziane wazalwa ngo-Ephreli 14, 1967. Ilungu leqela lesizwe saseBerber, wabaleka e-Algeria yakhe yokuqala kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini efuna ubomi obungcono. Ufumene obo bomi bungcono njengompheki eAl Caminetto Trattoria, enye yezona ndawo zintle zokutyela zaseTaliyane eVienna. Enyanzelekile ukuba ahambe xa i-visa yakhe ingazange ihlaziywe, uAmaziane waya eKhanada. Ehlala yaye esebenza eMontreal, uAmeziane wafuna ikhusi kwezopolitiko nalapho. Xa elo bango lakhatywayo ngo-2000, wayengekho kwiinketho. Wagqiba ekubeni aye e-Afghanistan kuba njengoJ. Wells Dixon, ilungu leqela lakhe lezomthetho kunye negqwetha labasebenzi eliphezulu Isiko soLungelo loMgaqo-siseko, yacacisa: โWayekholelwa ukuba kulapho kuphela awayenokuphila khona ngoxolo, engaziwa nangokusisigxina.โ
Kodwa uDjamel Ameziane wayekwindawo engalunganga ngexesha elingalunganga. Kungekudala emva kokuba ezinzile, i-US yasungula imfazwe ka-Oktobha 2001 nxamnye ne-Afghanistan. Wazama ukubaleka umlo, kodwa wabanjwa ngamapolisa asekuhlaleni ngelixa ezama ukuwela umda ukuya ePakistan. Njengabanye abaninzi abathinjwa ngasemdeni, wajikelwa kwimikhosi yase-US ukuze afumane isixa se-$2,000 okanye i-5,000 yeedola. Emva koko wabanjwa eKandahar Airbase e-Afghanistan. Kamva, u-Ameziane wathunyelwa eGuantanamo ngoFebruwari 2002, okwenza ukuba abe ngomnye wamabanjwa okuqala awayebanjwe kwindawo edume kakubi.
U-Ameziane akazange abekwe ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho. Akukho bungqina bubambekayo bokuba wathabatha izixhobo nxamnye neUnited States okanye waba sisisongelo kweli lizwe. Uhlala eGuantanamo kuba iUnited States ayikwazi ukumbuyisela eAlgeria kwaye ayikhange ifumane ilizwe lesithathu eliza kumbamba.
IAlgeria nayo ayikabi likhaya lika-Ameziane phantse amashumi amabini eminyaka kwaye akufuneki anyanzelwe ukuba abuyele apho. Ukubuyela eAlgeria kuya kuveza uDjamel Ameziane ekubandezelekeni ngakumbi. Wakhulela eKabylie, ummandla ongazinzanga kumntla owaziwa ngokuxabana rhoqo, ubundlobongela phakathi komkhosi wase-Algeria kunye namaqela okumelana namaSilamsi. Ngo-Epreli, iSebe likaRhulumente ikhuphe isilumkiso sohambo Kabylie, ecaphula โuhlaselo lwabanqolobi, kuquka ukuqhushumbiswa kweebhombu, ukuvalwa kwendlela yobuxoki, ukuqweqwedisa, ukulalela nokugetyengwa.โ AmaSilamsi aqheliselayo, njengo-Ameziane, arhanelwa ngokuzenzekelayo ukuba axhasa inkcaso kwaye ahlala ehlukunyezwa, ajolise ekubanjweni ngurhulumente ngenxa yezenzo zabo zonqulo.
Ibala lokuchitha ixesha eGuantรกnamo lilodwa liya kwanela ukumbeka emngciphekweni wokuvalelwa ukuba uyabuyiswa. Ababini bokuqala baseAlgeria abafuduswa eGuantรกnamo ngoJulayi 2008 banyamalala iiveki ezimbini kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba bancinwa ngamapolisa โokhuseleko lomkhosiโ aseAlgeria. Abanye abemi baseAlgeria eGuantanamo utshilo, ngamagqwetha abo, ukuba bakhetha ukuhlala entolongweni kunokuba babuyele kwilizwe labo lokuzalwa.
Kude kufike ilizwe lesithathu ukuza kumkhusela kwindawo yokuhlala, u-Ameziane uhlala eGuantanamo. U-Djamel ungumfundi ophumelele kwikholeji othetha isiFrentshi, isiArabhu kunye nesiNgesi ngokutyibilikayo kwaye unokunxibelelana ngesiJamani, okumenza abe ngumgqatswa onomtsalane kulo naliphi na inani lamazwe.
Ngo-2008, amagqwetha akhe afaka isicelo sokuhlaliswa kwakhona eCanada, apho wahlala iminyaka emihlanu ngaphambi kokuba anqatshelwe indawo yokukhosela. I Icawa yaseTshetshi eKhanada ukulungele ukuxhasa ngemali indawo ka-Djamel Ameziane, apho kuhlala khona omnye wabantakwabo. UBarry Clarke, ubhishophu waseTshetshi eMontreal, wathi: โEmva kokuba ndifunde ngentlungu awayekuyo uDjamel kunye nomngcipheko awayenokujamelana nawo xa ebuyela eAlgeria, ndiqinisekile ukuba ukumxhasa ngezimali yeyona nto ilungileyo anokuyenza. ICanada ayilona khetho lodwa ukuba urhulumente wase-Austrian wavuma ukuphinda ahlalise u-Ameziane, umphathi wakhe omdala e-Al Caminetto Trattoria uzimisele ukuphinda amqeshe njengompheki.
Ngaphandle kokuhlukana kwakhe ixesha elide nosapho kunye nentlungu yakhe ebuhlungu, u-Djamel uyaqhubeka nokwenza izinto anomdla kuzo- uyakonwabela ukuzoba kunye nombala wamanzi, ufunda iinoveli eziyimfihlakalo zesiFrentshi kwaye udlala ibhola ekhatywayo. UDjamel uthi: โNdandifuna kuphela ukuhlala ngokuzolileyo nangoxolo kwilizwe endingayi kutshutshiswa. Oko kuseyinjongo yam.โ
Kukho amanye amadoda ali-173 aseGuantanamo. Abaninzi bajongana neqhina elifanayo leengxaki njengo-Djamel. Ukuhlaliswa ngokutsha akunzima njengoko abalawuli besenza ukuba kube njalo. Owona mqobo uphambili kukuba iUnited States iyala ukwamkela nendoda enye evela eGuantanamo ngaphakathi kwemida yayo.
I-Guantanamo lulwaphulo-mthetho olujoliswe eluntwini. Lulwaphulo-mthetho lwethu eluntwini. Lulwaphulo-mthetho olwenziwa kuqala nguMongameli uGeorge W. Bush kwaye lwaqhubeka ngoku nguMongameli uBarack Obama.
Njengoko uJanuwari 11, i-2011 isondela-isikhumbuzo sesithoba sokuvulwa kweGuantanamo "kwimfazwe yobunqolobi" amabanjwa - kufuneka kubekho i-hue kunye nokukhala kunye noxinzelelo kulawulo luka-Obama ukuba balungise ngokukhawuleza ububi baseGuantanamo. Inyathelo lokuqala kukusombulula amatyala ka-Djamel Ameziane kunye nabanye abaninzi abasele bekwindawo yentlambululo-miphefumlo ekhohlakeleyo evunywe ligunya elifanayo elathembisa, ngoJanuwari 22, 2009, ukuphelisa oku kubandezeleka nokungabikho kokusesikweni.
Imibutho yamalungelo oluntu kunye nabani na onesazela kufuneka bazibophelele kwisenzo kunye nemfundo kunye nokufikelela kulo mbandela, ngoko iUnited States ayipheli ukuphawula unyaka weshumi weGuantanamo kunye nonyaka wesithathu wezithembiso eziphuhliweyo.
UFrida Berrigan ngumbhali wemihlathi yePolisi yezaNgaphandle kwiFocus kunye nomququzeleli weWitness Against Torture eya kubamba intshukumo nge-11 kaJanuwari 2011 kwaye emva koko uzile kwaye ulinde iintsuku ezilishumi elinesibini ezizayo eWashington, DC. Ngolwazi oluthe vetshe ndwendwela,www.witnesstorture.org
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