UFrank Bardacke ubhale imbali ebanzi yabasebenzi baseFama abaManyeneyo, inkcazo ngobomi bomntu kaCesar Chavez kunye nesikhokelo esihle kakhulu kwezopolitiko kunye nentlalontle ngeminyaka yoo-1960-80s.
Phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1960 imanyano yabasebenzi basendle yaziguqula yaba zizikhokelo zokuziphatha zabakhululekileyo abakumgangatho ophakathi kunye nemagnethi yokuqala yemidiya yabantu baseMexico baseMelika. UCesar Chavez waba ngumfanekiso ophantse wabonakala ngoko nangoko, okwaziyo ukukhokela iqela lenkxaso eyohlukeneyo yabasebenzi basezifama abapolitiki, amagqala wamalungelo oluntu kunye nabaququzeleli ababukhali kwaye benze umthendeleko kunye namalungu eCawa yamaKatolika, i-AFL-CIO kunye neDemocratic Party.
Bekunye baququzelela icandelo labakumgangatho ophakathi: hayi ukuthenga iidiliya. Khawufan' ucinge! Iqela labantu abathobekileyo abanesikhumba esimnyama abahluphekayo bacela abathengi ukuba bahlehlise iimfuno zabo abazinikwe nguThixo zokulungiswa komdiliya ngokukhawuleza nje ukuxhasa injongo yomanyano lwabo bachola kwaye balungisa urhwebo olunencasa!
UBardacke ubalisa ngephulo lombutho wabasebenzi basezifama lokweyisela oomama bebhola ekhatywayo bangaphambili ukuba bazikhwebule iidiliya kunye nomngcelele olungelelanisiweyo wenkolo kunye nomanyano oluxhaswa yimanyano kwiCentral Valley yaseCalifornia. Ngokudibeneyo, la maphulo ancede uxinzelelo kubalimi abakhulu beediliya ukuba baqaphele Abasebenzi baseFama abaManyeneyo. Abathengi nabasebenzi ababezincama babevuya. Kodwa kwisithuba seminyaka engamashumi amabini yokunyuka kwemeteoric kunye nobudlelwane obubonakala buqinile benkululeko kunye nezopolitiko i-UFW yawela emfiliba.
U-Bardacke ucacisa inkqubo apho uChavez onobubele okwisikhundla esinamandla sokusebenza emva koko wasilela ukuzama ukuququzelela uninzi lwabasebenzi basefama baseCalifornia. Ukukwaywa kunye nezivumelwano zezopolitiko- ngakumbi xa iiDemokhrasi zalahleka- zibonakalise ukunganelanga kwazo ukugcina umanyano olusebenzayo. Ngaphandle kombono wamandla omanyano lobuninzi, abachasi abanamandla babeya - kwaye benze - ukuyityumza i-UFW.
UChavez udlale indima ephambili ekunyukeni kwe-UFW emva koko walijongela phantsi ikamva layo. UBardacke uvavanya imizabalazo yangaphakathi yomanyano, kwaye abo bangaphakathi kuChavez ngokwakhe, โUkunyathelaโ ukulinganisa amandla entsomi endoda, kodwa kunye nobuthathaka bayo.
Ukususela ebukhwenkweni bakhe e-Arizona, ngenkonzo yasemkhosini โiTarmplingโ ibonisa indlela uChavez avele ngayo njengenkokeli yendalo. UBardacke ukwabonelela ngezigxeko zokuqonda zeempembelelo kuye, ukusuka kwiCawa yamaKatolika ngokulungelelanisa iimantra zikaSaul Alinsky; kunye nendlela uChavez azisebenzisa ngayo ezi mfundiso ukubumba imbono yakhe yehlabathi. Le ncwadi ayimgxeki uChavez; imkhupha kwintsomi imzise emhlabeni.
NjengamaKatolika athile azinikeleyo, uChavez wanxulumanisa isohlwayo nokusesikweni. Uhambo olude lweCentral Valley lwaba luhambo lwenkolo, uphawu "lwendlela ende esiyihambileyo ... kwaye indlela ende ekusafuneka siyihambe, ngezohlwayo ezininzi, ukuze sizise iRevolution esiyidingayo." UChavez weva iintlungu ezingathethekiyo emzimbeni kuhambo lonqulo, kodwa oko kwanikela โindlela ebalaseleyo yokuziqeqesha ukuze sinyamezele umzabalazo omde nowomde.โ (233)
"Ukunyathelwa" kwakhona kubalisa i-anecdotal biographies yamadoda kunye nabasetyhini abangenakubalwa abathe banikela ngamandla abo, ubuchopho, kunye netalente - kwaye bancama - ukwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuzalwa kunye nempumelelo yokuqala ye-UFW.
Abalinganiswa abafana noGilbert Padillia kunye no-Epifanio Camacho bavela kunye noDolores Huerta kunye nabaququzeleli abamhlophe abafana noMarshall Ganz, abefundisi bamaKatolika kunye noLuis Valdez onesiphiwo oye wanceda ukulungelelanisa ngokusebenzisa iqonga. I-teatro campesino yakhe ebhiyozelwa ngoku iqeshe abasebenzi abanetalente enkulu kunye nabahlali bebarrio ukufundisa izifundo ngedrama kunye nengoma.
UBardacke upeyinta imifanekiso emithathu yabalinganiswa ukugxininisa ukuba imbali ayikongquzulwano nje lweklasi, kodwa ikwayingxoxo kunye nengxoxo-mpikiswano, umsindo kunye nodano: iinxalenye zobukrelekrele nezeemvakalelo zomzabalazo wodidi.
Umbhali uyala ukugawula amashumi amawaka amadoda nabafazi โnjengabasebenzi basezifama. Kunoko, sidibana ne-apieros (i-celery choppers) kunye ne-lechugueros (abakhi be-lettuce) abanezakhono ezimangalisayo kunye nokuziphatha. Abo babenyamekela iidiliya kwaye bajongana ne-eccentricities ye-broccoli, nabo babenobomi obupheleleyo. Abanye banokwenza iintetho ezivuselelayo, okanye bacule kwaye badlale izixhobo, ubuchule bokuceba kwaye babe yimizekelo.
Babengasoloko bevumelana. Inene, i-UFW yaqhekeka kule minyaka ilishumi izayo ukuze uninzi lwamawaka abantu abalusu oluntsundu bagobe phezu kwezityalo ezondla esi sizwe bangabi namanyano okanye bafumane umvuzo wesondlo. Kodwa babelana ngelifa awathi uCesar Chavez wanceda ukulakha. UChavez wenza isazisi saseChicano, kodwa akazange anyamezele njengenkokeli yabasebenzi eyayinokukhokela idabi labasebenzi ngokuchasene noshishino lwezolimo kunye nongxowankulu abancinci abafumana inzuzo enkulu kubasebenzi basezifama.
Le ncwadi iphonononga iinkcukacha ezibuhlungu ngendlela uChavez atyhola ngayo โabaphambukeli abangekho mthethweni,โ abasebenzi basezifama baseMexico ngokuphulukana nogwayimbo. Uthe bawenza buthathaka umanyano lwabasebenzi ngenxa yokuba bajongeka njengabaqhankqalazi. UBardacke ubhala indlela i-UFW eneneni eyabaxela ngayo abasebenzi baseMexico ngaphandle kwamaphepha kwi-INS kunye nendlela umanyano olwakha ngayo โiqela lemigulukudu elingekho mthethweni labantu abalikhulu elamapolisa malunga neekhilomitha ezilishumi kumda we-Arizona-Mexico, lithintela abantu abazama ukuyiwela, kwaye, baphatha kakubi abathinjwa.โ
UChavez wangqiyama kuqhankqalazo lwabathengi ngenxa yombutho womkhosi. Wazila ukutya waza wazincama ngexesha leengxoxo ezinzima. Ukwasebenzise ulawulo lomanyano olungenalusini, engawavumeli amaphulo oququzelelo ukuba aphuhle ngaphandle kwemvume yakhe. UBradacke ucaphula imizekelo yendlela awathi wayigxotha ngayo wade wabala ezinye iinkokeli ezinokuthi zidelele igunya lakhe. Kwaye ukwabonisa iimpawu ezintle zikaChavez: Umfanekiso olungeleleneyo kunye nolungileyo.
UKUNYATHELA NGAPHANDLE KWEVINTAGE: UCESAR CHAVEZ KUNYE IMIPHEFUMLO EMIBINI YABASEBENZI BASEFAMA EMANYENEYO (Verso, $54.95, 742 amaphepha) ifanelekile #1 ukubekwa njengembali yezabasebenzi egqwesileyo enyakeni. Iinjingalwazi kufuneka zinike njengesicatshulwa kwimbali yabasebenzi, imbali yaseCalifornia, kunye nembali yase-US. Ndiyicebisa kubo bonke abathandi beencwadi.
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