Ukusukela oko kwenzeka ingozi ka-2008 yaveza undoqo obolileyo wemodeli yezoqoqosho engaphumelelanga, sixelelwe ukuba akukho ndlela zinokusebenza. Njengoko iYurophu isiya isiba nzulu kubungqongqo, amaqela alawulayo awo nawuphi na umqolo asoloko ekhatywa ngabavoti abaphoxekileyo - kuphela athatyathelw' indawo ngabanye abazisa ukuncipha kwentlalo-ntle ngakumbi, urhwebo lwabucala kunye nokungalingani.
Ke kufuneka senze ntoni ngenxalenye yehlabathi apho oorhulumente baye bawufulathela lo mzekelo, banciphisa intlupheko kunye nokungalingani, babuyisela amashishini kunye nezixhobo kulawulo lweshishini, ukwandiswa kweenkonzo zoluntu kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwedemokhrasi - kwaye baqhubeke bephinda banyulwa. kunyulo olunosukuzwano?
Oko koko bekusenzeka kwiLatin America kangangeminyaka elishumi. Inkokeli yamva nje yezopolitiko ukugxininisa lo mkhwa yi ingcali yezoqoqosho URafael Correa, wonyulwa kwakhona njengomongameli wase-Ecuador kwimpelaveki esonyuswe ngama-57% evoti., ngelixa iqela laseCorrea liphumelele isininzi esicacileyo epalamente.
Kodwa i-Ecuador ngoku iyinxalenye yepateni esele yenziwe. Ngo-Okthobha ophelileyo, uHugo Chรกvez oye wanyeliswa kakhulu kodwa owaziwa kakhulu ubuyele ekhaya ngoMvulo emva kweenyanga ezimbini enyangwa umhlaza eCuba, waphinda wanyulwa njengomongameli waseVenezuela nge-55% yevoti emva kweminyaka eyi-14 enegunya kuvoto olunobungqina obunobuqhetseba kunabo baseBritani okanye e-US. Oko kwalandela ukunyulwa kwakhona kuka-Evo Morales waseBolivia, umongameli wokuqala wemveli waseLatin America, ngowama-2009; i unyulo luka-Dilma Rousseff owayeza kungena ezihlangwini zikaLula eBrazil ngowama-2010; ze UCristina Fernandez eArgentina ngo-2011.
Phezu kwako nje ukungafani kwabo, akunzima ukubona isizathu. ILatin America yaba yeyokuqala ukuva ifuthe elibi lemfundiso yeniyoliberal kwaye yaba yeyokuqala ukuyivukela. Ekuqaleni uCorrea wonyulwa emva kokuwohloka kwezoqoqosho okwayintlekele kangangokuba umntu omnye kwabalishumi walishiya ilizwe. Ukususela ngoko "i-revolution yabemi" yakhe inqumle intlupheko malunga nesithathu kunye nentlupheko egqithisileyo ngama-10%. Intswela-ngqesho ithotyiwe, lo gama ukhuseleko loluntu, impilo yasimahla kunye nemfundo zandiswe ngokukhawuleza - kubandakanywa nemfundo yasimahla yasimahla, ngoku elilungelo lomgaqo-siseko - ngelixa ukukhutshwa kwemisebenzi kuvaliwe.
Kwaye oko akuphunyezwanga kuphela usebenzisa ubutyebi be-oyile obulinganiselweyo base-Ecuador ukuze kuxhamle uninzi, kodwa ngokwenza amashishini kunye nabaphumeleleyo bahlawule iirhafu zabo (iirisithi ziphantse zaphindaphindeka kathathu kwiminyaka emithandathu), ukunyusa utyalo-mali lukawonke-wonke ukuya kwi-15% yengeniso yesizwe, ukwandisa ubunini boluntu, ukuxoxisana okunzima kwezivumelwano zeoli kunye nokulawula kwakhona inkqubo yebhanki ukuze uphuhliso lwenkxaso.
Uninzi lwezinto, eneneni, ukuba "imarike yasimahla" igxininisekile iya kukhokelela ekonakaleni, kodwa endaweni yoko ikhuphe ukukhula okukhawulezayo kunye nenkqubela phambili yentlalo. Urhulumente waseCorrea naye wenze njalo yavala isiseko somkhosi wase-US eManta (Uya kuphinda acinge, wathi, ukuba i-US "masibeke isiseko somkhosi eMiami"), eyandisa i-gay, ukukhubazeka kunye namalungelo emveli kwaye yamkele eyona migaqo-nkqubo ingqongqo yokusingqongileyo emhlabeni. Ezo ziquka i Inyathelo likaYasuni, apho i-Ecuador ilahla ilungelo layo lokusebenzisa ioli kwindawo ekhethekileyo ye-biodiverse ye-Amazon njengembuyekezo yeminikelo yamazwe ngamazwe kwiiprojekthi zamandla avuselelekayo.
Kodwa okwenzekayo e-Ecuador kuyinxalenye nje yesantya esiqhubela phambili esiye satshayela iLatin America, njengoko oorhulumente bedemokhrasi yezentlalo kunye noorhulumente bezentlalo behlasele ukungalingani kwezentlalo kunye nobuhlanga, bacela umngeni kulawulo lwase-US kwaye baqala ukudala umanyano lokwenyani lwengingqi kunye nokuzimela okokuqala ngqa. Iminyaka engama-500. Kwaye xa kunikwe into esele inikezelwe kwisininzi, ayimangalisi into yokuba bahlale bephinda bonyulwa.
It ithi ngakumbi malunga neendaba zasentshona (kunye noogxa babo baseLatin America ababalaseleyo) kunoorhulumente abafana ne-Ecuador kunye neVenezuela ababoniswa rhoqo njengozwilakhe. Inxalenye yaloo canard imalunga nobutshaba base-US. Kwimeko ye-Ecuador, iye yaphenjelelwa ngumsindo kwisigqibo sikaCorrea sokunika indawo yokukhosela kumseki weWikiLeaks uJulian Assange, ojongene nezityholo zokuhlaselwa ngokwesondo eSweden, ngenxa yokoyika ukubuyiselwa e-US. Ngokwenyani, olona tshaba luchasene nedemokhrasi luvela kumahlakani ase-US, awathi aphehlelela ubhukuqo-mbuso ngokuchasene ne-Chรกvez kunye ne-Correa - kunye nabaphumeleleyo eHonduras ngo-2009 naseParaguay kulo nyaka uphelileyo.
Kambe ke, oorhulumente baseLatin America abatyekele ekhohlo abaswelekiyo kwiintsilelo, ukusuka kubuqhophololo ukusa kulwaphulo-mthetho. E-Ecuador nakwezinye iindawo, ukungavisisani phakathi kweemfuno zophuhliso, okusingqongileyo kunye namalungelo emveli aye bukhali. Kwaye akukho nalinye kula mava okwangoku abonelela ngalo naluphi na uhlobo lwemodeli esele yenziwe yezentlalo okanye yezoqoqosho.
Kukwakho nombuzo wokuba ingaba umfutho wenguqu yelizwekazi ungagcinwa ngoku uChรกvez, obekhokele kulo, kulindeleke ukuba eme phantsi kwezi veki zimbalwa zizayo. Ilandela lakhe elithanjisiweyo, owayesakuba ngumbutho wabasebenzi UNicolรกs Maduro, ikwimeko enamandla yokuphumelela unyulo olutsha. Kodwa hayi yena okanye uCorrea onomdla onokuthi akwazi ukuthelekisa indima yengingqi yeChรกvez.
Uguqulo lwaseLatin America nangona kunjalo lunengcambu enzulu kwaye luyathandwa, ngelixa ilungelo elinganyanisekanga linokuncinci ukunika. Kwihlabathi liphela, yenza into engekhoyo kwingcinga yokuba kwiminyaka emihlanu kule ngxaki akukho nto inokwenziwa ngaphandle kokufana. Kuyinyaniso ukuba, olu luqoqosho kunye noluntu olukwinqanaba elahluke kakhulu lophuhliso, kwaye amava abo akanako ukuphindwa kwenye indawo. Kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo babonisile ukuba kukho iindlela ezininzi ezizezinye kwi-neoliberal masochism - ephumelele unyulo, nayo.
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Nikela