Emva kokuphalazwa kwegazi eloyikekayo kumabala edabi, umkhuhlane waqalisa ukudamba. Abantu babejonge imfazwe ebusweni ngamehlo apholileyo, aqine ngakumbi kunezo nyanga zokuqala zenzondelelo, kwaye imvakalelo yabo yomanyano yaqala ukuba buthathaka, kuba kwakungekho mntu unokubona nawuphi na umqondiso “wokuhlanjululwa kokuziphatha” okukhulu okwavakaliswa zizithandi zobulumko nababhali. .

– UStefan Zweig, Ihlabathi layizolo

UStefan Zweig, oyena mntu unobuntu kubabhali baseYurophu, wajongana neMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala njengomntu othembekileyo wase-Austro-Hungarian. Oko kukuthi, akazange achase iintshaba ezisemthethweni eBritani naseFransi, kodwa imfazwe ngokwayo. Imfazwe yayitshabalalisa ilizwe lakhe. Ethelela amanye amagcisa kumacala omabini emisele, wala ukubulala omnye umntu.

Ngowe-1917, amaKatolika amabini adumileyo aseOstriya, uHeinrich Lammasch noIgnaz Seipel, azityand’ igila kuZweig ngezicwangciso zawo zokuphembelela uMlawuli uKarl ukuba azise uxolo olwahlukileyo neBritani neFransi. “Akukho mntu unokusibeka ityala ngokunganyaniseki,” utshilo uLammasch uZweig. "Siye sabandezeleka ngaphezu kwesigidi sabafileyo. Senze kwaye sancama ngokwaneleyo!" UKarl wathumela iNkosana yaseParma, usibali wakhe, eGeorges Clemenceau eParis.

Xa amaJamani esiva ngemizamo yeqabane lawo lokungcatsha, uKarl woyika. UZweig wabhala: "Njengoko imbali ibonisa, yayilithuba lokugqibela elinokuthi lisindise uBukhosi base-Austro-Hungarian, ubukumkani, kwaye ngaloo ndlela iYurophu ngelo xesha." UZweig, waseSwitzerland kuqheliselo lomdlalo wakhe ochasene nemfazwe uYeremiya, kunye nomhlobo wakhe ongumFrentshi, owawongwa ngewonga leNobel uRomain Rolland, babongoze abanye ababhali ukuba baguqule iipeni zabo kwizixhobo zokusasaza zibe zizixhobo zoxolelwaniso.

Ukuba aMagunya Amakhulu ayemthobele uZweig eOstriya-Hungary, eRolland eFransi naseBertrand Russell eBritani, imfazwe ngeyaphela kanye ngaphambi kukaNovemba 1918 ize isindise ubuncinane ubomi bolutsha olusisigidi.

Abadali boxolo eSyria bafumanisa into eyenziwa nguZweig malunga nenkulungwane eyadlulayo: iibhugi kunye namagubu arhangqe iifowuni eziya engqondweni. Ingxelo ekwiwebhusayithi yeDemokhrasi evulekileyo kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo yaxela ukuba abaqhankqalazi kwikota yeBostan al-Qasr e-Aleppo bacula besithi, "Yonke imikhosi ngamasela: urhulumente, Mahala [umkhosi waseSyria] kunye namaSilamsi."

Amajoni axhobileyo eJubhat Al Nusra, iqela lamaSilamsi elixhaswa yiSaudi Arabia kwaye lithatha ngokuba ngabanqolobi yi-United States, babasasaza ngomlilo ophilayo. Kumacala omabini, abo bafuna uthethathethwano ngophalazo-gazi babekelwa bucala yaye mbi ngakumbi.

Urhulumente wabamba u-Orwa Nyarabia, umenzi wefilimu kunye netshantliziyo, ngenxa yoqhanqalazo lwakhe olunoxolo. Ekukhululweni kwakhe, wabalekela eCairo ukuze aqhubeke nomnxeba wotshintsho olungenabundlobongela. UGqr Zaidoun Al Zoabi, isifundiswa esinezixhobo kuphela ezingamazwi, ngoku uyaphela amandla, kunye nomntakwabo uSohaib, kwiziko lokhuseleko lolawulo lwaseSyria. (Ukuba uyazibuza ukuba kuthetha ukuthini oko, buza iCIA ukuba kutheni ibiqhele “ukunikezela” abarhanelwa eSyria.)

AmaSyria akhule ngengcinezelo yolawulo afumanisa ubundlavini bobomi kwiindawo "ezikhululiweyo". Umnxibelelanisi we-Guardian uGhaith Abdul Ahad waya kwintlanganiso yabalawuli abaphezulu be-32 e-Aleppo kwiveki ephelileyo. Owayesakuba ngumphathi-mkhosi ophethe ibhunga lomkhosi eAleppo wathi kumaqabane akhe: “Nabantu bakruqukile sithi.

Xa ndandiseAleppo ngo-Okthobha, abantu bommandla ohlwempuzekileyo waseBani Zaid babongoza uMkhosi waseSyria okhululekileyo ukuba ubashiye ngoxolo. Ukususela ngoko, kuye kwaqhambuka amadabi phakathi kwamaqela abavukeli kubangwa amaxhoba. UAbdul Ahad wachaza ukuphangwa kwesikolo:

“La madoda akhuphe ezinye zeetafile, iisofa nezitulo ngaphandle kwesikolo aza azifumba ekoneni yesitalato. Kwalandela iikhompyutha neemonitha.

Umlwi wabhalisa ixhoba kwincwadi enkulu. “Siyigcina kwindawo ekhuselekileyo,” utshilo.

Ekuhambeni kweveki, ndabona iisofa zesikolo kunye neekhompyutha zihleli kakuhle kwigumbi elitsha lomphathi.

Omnye umlo, umlo ogama lingu-Abu Ali olawula iibhloko ezimbalwa zesikwere se-Aleppo njenge-fief yakhe yobuqu, wathi: "Basigxeka ngokutshabalalisa. Mhlawumbi banyanisile, kodwa abantu base-Aleppo baxhasa i-revolution ukususela ekuqaleni, oku. ngebeyingenzekanga.

Abavukeli, kunye nemvumelwano yabaxhasi babo bangaphandle eRiyadh, eDoha, e-Ankara naseWashington, bawugatya ngokuqinileyo umhlathi bexhasa imfazwe. Inkokeli ye-Syria National Coalition esanda kwakhiwa, uMoaz Al Khatib, wakhaba umnxeba wamva nje we-UN umthunywa u-Lakhdar Brahimi kunye no-Russian Foreign Sergei Lavrov ukuba baye kwiingxoxo kunye norhulumente waseSiriya. UMnu Al Khatib ugxininisa ukuba u-Bashar Al Assad ahlehlise njengesiseko seengxoxo, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo ikamva likaMnu Al Assad yenye yeengongoma eziphambili zeengxoxo.

Abavukeli, abangakwazi ukulawula uMnu Al Khatib, abakwazanga ukoyisa uMnu Al Assad phantse iminyaka emibini yedabi. I-Stalemate kwithafa ledabi ixoxa ngothethathethwano lokuphelisa ukungavisisani ngokwamkelwa kwenguqu iye kwinto entsha. Ngaba kufanelekile ukubulala enye i-50,000 yaseSiriya ukugcina uMnu Al Assad ngaphandle kwenguqu eya kukhokelela ekuhambeni kwakhe?

Xa iMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala yaphela malunga nezigidi ezisi-9 zamajoni abulawa kwaye impucuko yaseYurophu ilungele ubuqhetseba bobuNazi, umzabalazo awuzange uyithethelele ilahleko. Imiphumo yokuphalaza igazi yayingcono kancinane. UZweig wabhala: "Kuba sasikholelwa - kwaye ihlabathi liphela lakholelwa kunye nathi - ukuba le yayiyimfazwe yokuphelisa zonke iimfazwe, ukuba irhamncwa ebelichitha ihlabathi lethu ladanjiswa okanye lixheliwe. Sasikholelwa kwinkulu kaMongameli Woodrow Wilson. Inkqubo, eyayiyeyethu nathi; sabona ukukhanya okufifiyela kokusa empuma ngaloo mihla, xa iRevolution yaseRashiya yayisekwiholide yomtshato yeenjongo zobuntu. Sasiziziyatha, ndiyazi."

Ngaba abo batyhala amaSiriya ukuba alwe baze balwe, kunokuba bajongane phezu kwetafile yengxoxo, ngaba bazizidenge?

UCharles Glass ngumbhali weencwadi ezininzi kuMbindi Mpuma, kubandakanya Izizwe ezineFlegi kunye neNorthern Front: Idayari yeMfazwe yase-Iraq. Ukwangumpapashi phantsi kweLondon imprint Charles Glass Books

Inqaku lomhleli: Eli nqaku lalungiswa ukuze kulungiswe impazamo yokufomatha.

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