Impilo yabo bonke abantu inikelwa kwingeniso yeBig Pharma kunye nezohlwayo zamazwe atyebileyo. Ngeli xesha, amanye amazwe ayakwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zogonyo lwehlabathi.
UMlawuli we-UNAIDS uWinnie Byanyima wayenayo bhenela phambi kweNkomfa yaBaphathiswa ye-12 ye-WTO e-Geneva ukuba ihlabathi lingajongana nekamva elimfiliba ukuba ukurhoxiswa kwelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza akuzange kwenzeke. Kwinkomfa yabezindaba, uByanyima uthe, "Kubhubhane, ukwabelana ngetekhnoloji bubomi okanye ukufa, kwaye sikhetha ukufa." Ngexesha loMphathiswa we-12 woMbutho wezoRhwebo weHlabathi (i-WTO), owaqhubeka ukusuka ngomhla we-12 ukuya kowe-17 kweyeSilimela, amazwe atyebileyo akwenza kanye oko. Baye bavala phantse onke amathuba okubonelela ngezitofu zokugonya ezingabizi mali ininzi, amayeza e-antiviral kunye noxilongo kwihlabathi. Emva kweminyaka emibini ye-WTO โirhoxisaโโokanye ivaleleโiIndiya-Mzantsi Afrika isiluleko ye ku rhoxiswa kumalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza lokugonya lwe-COVID-19 kunye namayeza, iklabhu yamazwe atyebileyo-i-European Union, i-United States kunye ne-UK-iqinisekise ukuba akukho luleke umlinganiselo wokurhoxisa ipatent wapasiswa. Inzuzo yeBig Pharma yaphinda yabonisa ubomi kunye nempilo yabantu. Oku kwakhona kwenzeka ngexesha lobhubhani we-AIDS.
Oku kubizwa ngokuba โconceptsโ yamkelwe kwiNkomfa yaBaphathiswa ye-12 (MC12) yenza lula ezinye zemigaqo enzima ekuvunyelwene ngayo phantsi kwe- Isibhengezo saseDoha ngokukhupha iimvume ezinyanzelekileyo zamayeza. Kodwa yenza ukuba kube nzima ngakumbi kumazwe anje ngeIndiya neTshayina, anamandla amakhulu okwenza izinto, ukubonelela ngogonyo phantsi kweelayisenisi ezinyanzelekileyo. Ke ewe, amazwe afuna izitofu zokugonya anokukhupha iilayisensi ezinyanzelekileyo ngokulula-kodwa kubani, ukuba ayingomazwe anesakhono sokwenza?
Kwimveliso yesitofu sokugonya, asiyofomula yesitofu esibalulekileyo. Ngokungafaniyo namayeza amaninzi, angamachiza eemolekyuli ezincinci kwaye ke kulula ukuba nelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza, izitofu ziimolekyuli ezinkulu kwaye zeqela lamayeza abizwa ngokuba yibhayoloji. Isitshixo sokwenza i-biologics ayiyona ifomyula yekhompawundi kodwa kunoko ukuyivelisa kwinqanaba lezoshishino kunye nokuqinisekisa inkqubo yokuvelisa ukuphindaphinda iimolekyuli ezinkulu eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokuchanekileyo. Olu lwazi alukhuselwanga phantsi kwamalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza kodwa phantsi kweemfihlo zorhwebo. Kuyenzeka ukuphinda-phinda ezi mfihlo zorhwebo okanye uzikhusele ngokunika umntu oyaziyo inkqubo umsebenzi. Kodwa oku kuvula iinkampani ezizama ukwenza oku kumanyathelo asemthethweni abiza imali eninzi, kubandakanywa ne-WTO. Kwaye kukho isoyikiso sezohlwayo ezizimeleyo yi-United States, i-EU kunye ne-UK.
Okona kubalulekileyo kukuba iPfizer kunye nezinye iinkampani zeBig Pharma ziya kuqhubeka nokwenza inzuzo enkulu ngeendleko zobomi babantu, nokuba oku kukhokelela kutshintsho olutsha lwe-SARS-CoV-2 oluvelayo kwaye lubangele ukuqhubeka kobhubhane. Ngaphantsi ko Ama-20 ekhulwini abantu baseAfrika, enabemi malunga 700 million, ziye zagonywa ngokupheleleyo, ngelixa izigidi zeedosi zokugonya zihamba zingasetyenziswa kwaye zisenjalo iya kumosha eUnited States. Sinamandla okuvelisa isitofu sokugonya lonke uluntu lwehlabathi, ngaloo ndlela sisindisa ubomi obungenakubaleka kwaye sinciphisa ukubanakho kwezinto ezintsha, ezahlukeneyo eziyingozi ezivelayo. Kodwa ukwenza oko akukho mdla weBig Pharma, lowo inzuzo ibaluleke kakhulu kunobomi babantu.
Ukuyibeka nje ngokwembono, inzuzo yePfizer ngokurhabaxa kabini ngo-2021 ukusuka ngo-2020, kunye nesitofu sokugonya sePfizer-BioNTech esinegalelo kwinxalenye ebalulekileyo yezo nzuzo. Ukuba i-Pfizer yayililizwe, umvuzo wayo we-81 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kunyaka ophelileyo ngewuwubeke phambi kwe-GDP yamazwe afana ne-Ethiopia, iGhana kunye neKenya, ngokutsho uhlalutyo yedatha yeBhanki yeHlabathi ngumbutho iGlobal Justice Now. Ngaphandle kwezitofu zokugonya, ukunyanzeliswa koxilongo kunye namachiza okulwa nentsholongwane kwakhona kunyusa iindleko zabantu abasoloko besilwa le ntsholongwane, ngelixa besenza ingeniso yomoya kwiBig Pharma.
Ekuphela koyekelelo kwi-MC12 ibikumaphepha-mvume anyanzelekileyo kwizitofu zokugonya. Ayikhange ijongane namalungelo awodwa abenzi boxilongo kunye namachiza e-antiviral. Ayikhange ijongane nomnye umba othe waphakanyiswa ukuba i-WTO iquke ekurhoxisweni kwayo amanye amalungelo epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda afana neemfihlo zorhwebo, eziyimfuneko kwimveliso eninzi yezitofu zokugonya.
I-MC12 ikhabe ibhola iinyanga ezintandathu ezantsi emgceni wokwenza isigqibo malunga nokuphelisa amalungelo awodwa abenzi boxilongo kunye namachiza e-antiviral, ngethuba elincinci lokuba amazwe atyebileyo abe notshintsho lwentliziyo ngequbuliso kule miba, ethathela ingqalelo ukuqhubeka kwawo kule miba ngexesha lobhubhani. oko sele kubulele izigidi.
Kutheni kubalulekile ukugonya abantu behlabathi? Ngamafutshane, okukhona abantu abaninzi abathi yi-SARS-CoV-2 (intsholongwane ebangela i-COVID-19) yosulela, kokukhona liyanda ithuba lokuvela kwezinto ezintsha. Kukho inkolelo ephosakeleyo phakathi kwabanye abantu yokuba okukhona intsholongwane iguquka, kokukhona inokuba yingozi ngakumbi. Le yayikade iyimbono eqhelekileyo phakathi kwecandelo lezonyango. Nangona kunjalo, namhlanje Iingcali zebhayoloji zendaleko zibambe ukuba akukho bungqina bokuba iintsholongwane ziyaguquka ukuze zibe nobungozi. Kwaye nokuba ibanjwe iyinyani ekuhambeni kwexesha, njengoJohn Maynard Keynes, ingcali yezoqoqosho, Yibeke, โEkugqibeleni, sonke sifile.โ
Okukhona siphila nobhubhane oqhubeka nokusulela malunga nesiqingatha sesigidi ukuya kwisigidi abantu yonke imihla, kokukhona sijongana nethuba lokuvela kolunye uhlobo olutsha olunokudluliselwa njenge-omicron kwaye lunokukhokelela ekufeni kwabantu abaninzi. kunokuba sibonile ngaphambili. Usulelo lwentsholongwane luphezulu xa isigulana esosulelekileyo sineempawu ezibuthathaka kuphela, sihamba ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwentlalo, kwaye ke sinokosulela abanye. Le yifestile apho intsholongwane isasazeka khona. Nokuba isigulana emva koko siyachacha okanye siyasweleka kunempembelelo encinci ekuphindaphindeni kwesi sifo kwabanye abantu isigulana esinokuthi sosulelwe. Isenokuba nefuthe kwindlela esiziphethe ngayo ekuhlaleni, kodwa loo nto ayinanto yakwenza nentsholongwane iba buthathaka ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Ngokuhamba kwexesha, abantu badla ngokuvelisa ukungatheleleki ngakumbi kwintsholongwane, kodwa yiloo nto ke eqhuba indlela yokuvela kwentsholongwane kwixesha elizayo. Ukuba i-delta ibonise ukugqithisela okuphezulu, ke i-omicron inokusinda okuphezulu kakhulu komzimba. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-omicron inokudlula ukhuselo lomzimba oluphuma kusulelo lwangaphambili okanye izitofu zokugonya. Kambe ke, ukuba ukuvela kwentsholongwane kukhokelela ekubeni isigulana sigule kwasekuqaleni kangangokuba umntu akakwazi nokujikeleza, oko kuya kumisa okanye kuthobe ukosuleleka kwale ntsholongwane. Kodwa ayisiyiyo indlela intsholongwane ye-SARS-CoV-2 eziphatha ngayo.
Inokwenzeka njani ukuba i-SARS-CoV-2 ivele kule minyaka imbalwa izayo? Njengoko ii-immunologists zisixelela, indlela yokuzivelela kwentsholongwane ixhomekeke kunxibelelwano oluntsonkothileyo lwezinto ezininzi ezibumba impendulo yamajoni ethu omzimba ekuveleni kwentsholongwane.
Ukulinda intsholongwane ukuba iguquke ngakumbi okanye ukungakhuseleki komhlambi wentsomi akunakuba yimpendulo kubhubhane okhoyo. Izitofu zokugonya zibalulekile kuyo nayiphi na impendulo yezempilo yoluntu kulo bhubhani njengoko amazwe kwihlabathi liphela esilwa ukunciphisa inani losulelo olutsha kwaye, ngenxa yoko, iingcambu zosulelo olutsha. Kwaye ewe, kwikamva elibonakalayo, kuya kufuneka siphile ngokuphinda iidosi zethu zogonyo lwe-booster njengoko silungisa izitofu zokugonya kwiintlobo ezintsha ezintsha.
Ngelixa amalungelo awodwa abenzi kumachiza e-antiviral njengonyango lwe-COVID-19 abalulekile, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo aya kunceda ukunciphisa ukufa kunye neengxaki ze-COVID ende, kwakhona, amalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza ayeza ngendlela yokusetyenziswa kwawo. Amachiza okuthomalalisa iintsholongwane asebenza kuphela kwifestile encinane kwiintsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala sesi sifo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba kufuneka enziwe afumaneke ngexabiso eliphantsi ebantwini ukuze bakwazi ukuwathenga ekhemesti. Iindleko eziphezulu kunye nolawulo lwamalungelo awodwa abenzi bala machiza aluboneleli ngemarike enkulu ngokwaneleyo. Imarike encinci kunye namaxabiso aphezulu akhokelela kwimeko yeCatch-22: amaxabiso aphezulu kuba imarike incinci; imarike incinci kuba amaxabiso aphezulu.
Kwakhona, ukukhutshwa kwelayisensi evulekileyo yamachiza e-antiviral kusenokwenza ukuba kwenzeke intengiso enkulu kubo. Kodwa oku koko iWTO ayikuvumeli. Indlela yokukhutshwa kweelayisenisi esisinyanzelo phantsi kweWTO inzima, kwaye ukuyekelelwa kwayo kwiMC12 kuthetha ukuba amazwe afana neIndiya, awayebalulekile ekulweni ubhubhani onguGawulayo, bafanele ukuphuma njengababoneleli. Ke abanako ukuba ngababoneleli nge-antiviral ye-COVID-19 njengoko bebengamachiza okulwa ne-AIDS.
Kutheni amazwe anamandla okwenza izitofu zokugonya eziphambili-i-Indiya, i-China, iRashiya kunye noMzantsi Afrika-ahlangane ukuze abonelele ngetekhnoloji kunye nokubonelela kwihlabathi liphela? Kutheni amazwe engasebenzisani neCuba, indlu yamandla ebhayoloji, ukuvelisa izitofu zokugonya ekuhlaleni? ICuba iphuhlise amayeza okugonya amahlanu, amabini kuwo sele ephantsi kwemveliso enkulu.
Impendulo iku "imithetho-based order ngamazweโ isasazwa yiklabhu yezityebi. Le mithetho ibandakanya izohlwayo kumazwe amaninzi aquka iRussia, iCuba kunye neChina. Kwabo bangekabikho phantsi kwezohlwayo, kukho isoyikiso sezohlwayo ezizayo yi-United States, i-EU kunye ne-UK-iqela lemigulukudu emithathu ehlangeneyo kwi-WTO ukoyisa i-WTO. I-India-South Africa inyathelo lokurhoxisa ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza. IUnited States nayo inomthetho wayo wasekhaya, i UMthetho woRhwebo waseU.S, iCandelo lama-301, โngokukhuselaโ ipropathi yayo yobukrelekrele apho igrogrisa amazwe ngezohlwayo zase-U.S. I-India kunye ne-China zibalaseleyo qho ngonyaka kuluhlu lwamazwe imithetho nezenzo zawo ezingahambelaniyo nemithetho yasekhaya yaseU.S. Ukuba iUnited States kunye namahlakani ayo abaphumeleli kwi-WTO, basebenzisa "umyalelo osekelwe kwimithetho" apho bafumana khona ukwenza imithetho.
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