Kwiiveki ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, ummandla we-EU kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yangaphandle yaseNtshona kunye nolawulo oluqhubekayo lwezoqoqosho kwilizwekazi laseAfrika luye lwaphinda lwabonisa iziphumo zabo ezibulalayo kwintlekele yokufudukela eLwandle lweMeditera.
Amawakawaka abantu, ingakumbi abasuka eAfrika naseSiriya, babeka ubomi babo esichengeni minyaka le bewela ulwandle ngeenqanawa eziethe-ethe ukubaleka kwimimandla edlakazwe yimfazwe, ubuhlwempu, intshutshiso nosizi ukuze bafikelele kunxweme lwaseYurophu ukuze baphile ubomi obubhetele nobukhuselekileyo. Okulusizi kukuba uninzi lwabo lutshabalala kwiinzame zokwenjenjalo okanye baphelela kwiinkampu ezithobโ isidima neentolongo kumazwe asemazantsi Yurophu kodwa bagxothwa nje babuya babona amaphupha abo etshabalele.
Into eyahlula le ntlekele yakulo nyaka kwezi zangaphambili bubuninzi bayo njengoko inani lokufa kwabantu abarhaxwayo kulo nyaka ngoku lingaphaya kwe-1,500 โ 50 ngokuphindwe kangangama-2014 kunakwindawo enye ngo-XNUMX. Oku kunokucaciswa ikakhulu ziingxabano eziqhubekayo phakathi ISyria, iLibya kunye neMali kunye nesigqibo esingenabuntu ngoorhulumente abaliqela beManyano yaseYurophu (i-EU) yokwala inkxaso-mali kumsebenzi wokuhlangula oqhutywa yi-Italiya i-Mare Nostrum, bekhetha ukuvumela abafuduki bafe, into ekwakuthiwe iya kusebenza njengesithintelo sokungafunwa. abantu abazama ukufikelela kwinqaba yaseYurophu.
Ukuzama ukunqanda oku kuqukuqela kobuntu kuye kwaba yingqiqo ye-EU iminyaka ngokungeniswa kwezohlwayo kunye nezohlwayo ezinzima kubakhweli baselwandle abasilelayo ukujonga ukuba semthethweni kweencwadana zokundwendwela kunye nee-visa. Sele ngoSeptemba 2007, ezisixhenxe Abalobi baseTunisia bamangalelwa baza bavalelwa entolongweni yijaji yaseItali ngenxa โyokuxhasa ukufudukela kwelinye ilizwe ngokungekho mthethweni,โ izikhephe zabo zahluthwa kuba babenobuganga bokusindisa iphenyane elalithutha abakhweli ukuya eLampedusa (eSicily), belithintela ukuba lingatshoni njengoko kumiselwe yimithetho yaselwandle.
Kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula apha indlela amazwe aseYurophu akhupha ngayo ngaphandle ukukhuselwa kwemida yabo kulawulo lwegunya eMntla Afrika. Umzekelo owakhayo yayisisivumelwano sikaBerlusconi-Gaddafi sokuthumela abaphambukeli eLibya ngaphandle kokubavavanya ukuze bafumane amabango eendawo zokukhuselwa njengembuyekezo yezivumelwano zoqoqosho ezinengeniso phakathi kwamazwe omabini. IMorocco nayo yayenza ngenzondelelo indima yayo njengomgcini weFortress Europe. Ngo-2005, abantu 20 ukusuka Sub-Saharan Afrika wadibana ukufa kwabo ngelixa ezama ukuwela iingcingo kumda Spanish-Moroccan e Ceuta and Melilla, abanye ngokuwa, abanye ngokuphefumla kunye nabanye ngokumangalisayo ngaphantsi komlilo evela emkhosini Moroccan.
le ukugxothwa kwabantu kwiindawo kunye nomkhosi Ulawulo lokufudukela kwamanye amazwe lubonakaliswe yi-arhente ye-European Union i-Frontex eyadalwa ngo-2005 ukuze ithintele abafuduki abangena phakathi kwamanxweme ase-Afrika kunye ne-Canary Islands kunye ne-Sicily canal, kungakhathaliseki ukuba semthethweni kwamatyala athile e-asylum kwaye kude naluphi na ulawulo lwedemokhrasi. .
IAlgeria ayizange ibaleke kule ngqiqo yentsebenziswano nabamelwane bayo baseYurophu โkwimfazwe yabafudukiโ. Yiloo ndlela ke, ngo-2009, yenze โukufudukela kwelinye ilizwe ngokungekho mthethweniโ kwaba lityala phantsi komthetho wayo. I-Algeria, ezincoma njengokukhanya kozinzo kulo mmandla kwaye inobutyebi obuninzi obuvela kwimithombo ye-oyile kunye negesi, nangona kunjalo lelinye lamazwe aphambili avelisa oko sikubiza ngokuba "ngabafuduki abangekho mthethweni," ngokuthe ngqo. EHarraga ngolwimi lwesiMaghrebi. Ixabiso (isenzeko) sibhekisa ngokoqobo kwisenzi esithi โุญุฑูโ (ukutshisa ngesiArabhu) ngokwengqiqo yayo engqongqo (ukutshisa amaphepha kunye namaxwebhu) kunye nesafobe: ukoyisa umqobo njengokudlula kwisibane esibomvu okanye ukutsiba umgca-okanye kule nto. ityala lokuwela imida kunye neelwandle.
IAlgeria kunye nayo iHarragas
Ngo-2014, bekukho i-7,842 efunyenweyo yokuwela imida ngokungekho mthethweni kwingingqi yaseNtshona yeMeditera equka iindawo ezininzi zonxweme olusemazantsi eSpeyin kunye nemida yomhlaba waseCeuta naseMelilla. Ngokuphathelele ubuzwe, uninzi lwabafuduki basuka eNtshona Afrika, ngakumbi bevela eCameroon naseMali. AmaAlgeria kunye namaMorocco Kwakhona kuye kwaxelwa phakathi kwezizwe ezilishumi eziphezulu, kodwa ubukhulu becala kumda wolwandle.
Ngokutsho 2015 Frontex Uhlalutyo lomngcipheko wonyaka, iAlgeria yabekwa kwindawo yesithathu emva kweSyria kunye ne-Afghanistan ngokufunyanwa kwamangeno afihlakeleyo kwiindawo zokuwela umda (BCPs) ngo-2014. IAlgeria nayo yayibekwe kwindawo yesibhozo xa kuziwa kubahlali abangekho mthethweni.
Umntu waseAlgeria eHarraga thatha iindlela ezahlukeneyo zaselwandle ukusuka eAlgeria ukuya eYurophu: enye isuka kumanxweme aseOran (eWest Algeria) ukuya kwilizwekazi laseSpain, enye (engaphuhliswanga kancinane) idibanisa unxweme lwaseDellys (100km kwimpuma yeAlgiers) ukuya kwisiqithi sasePalma eMajorca; kwaye eyokugqibela isuka kumanxweme asempumalanga (Annaba kunye neSkikda) ukuya kwisiqithi saseItali saseSardinia.
Nangona kunjalo, basebenzisa ezinye iindlela ezidlula eTunisia, eLibya kunye naseTurkey. Enyanisweni, ukususela ngoNovemba 2010 ukuya ku-Matshi 2011, i-11 ipesenti ye-11,808 abafuduki abangaqhelekanga ababanjwe eGrisi yiFrontex bachongwa njengama-Algeria, emva kwePakistanis (i-16 ekhulwini) kunye nama-Afghans (i-23 ekhulwini). Ezi nkcukacha-manani zothusayo zazimangalisa kuba inani labantu base-algeria ladlula elo labemi baseMoroccan ngokuphindwe kabini kunye namaTunisia ngamathandathu, nangona kukho isiphithiphithi kula mazwe mabini ngokuqala imvukelo yama-Arabhu.
IHarga - isiphumo sobuhlwempu kunye hogra
Zonke iiklasi zentlalo ziyachukunyiswa sesi siganeko: abantu abakumgangatho osebenzayo, abangaphangeliyo, abaphumelele eyunivesithi kwanoogqirha neenjineli. Omnye uyabuza: Kutheni le nto esi sibetho sentlalo sixhaphake kangaka, sifikelela ngaphaya kweeklasi ezihluphekayo? Lo mbuzo ufuna ukuqwalaselwa nzulu kwaye ukuwuphendula ngokwaneleyo kuya kuba ngumsebenzi onzima - kodwa ndiya kuzama ukunika iimpendulo ezimbalwa.
Ixabiso ngendlela imele i ukusukela ikamva oko kwafikelela esiphelweni kwilizwe lasekhaya. Yindlela yokoyisa izithintelo kwinkululeko yokuhamba, ukuba ngqongqo kwengqesho kunye nokujongelwa phantsi ngothungelwano lwabathengi - ngamafutshane yonke into eyenza ubomi bungazinzisi, ukuze sifezekise iprojekthi yobomi esicinga ukuba ayinakufezekiswa eAlgeria iimeko. Omnye ummi welali ehlelelekileyo, uSidi Salem e-Annaba, kwimpuma yeAlgeria, wabhengeza Harrag ubhuti: โNdiphulukene nezitshixo zekamva lam kumangcwaba aseAlgeria ekuthiwa yiSidi Salem.โ
Ukufuduka ngokungekho mthethweni ukusuka eAlgeria kwakhona sisiphumo esinengqiqo ngaphezu kwamashumi amathathu eminyaka inkululeko yoqoqosho eyathi yawisa isigwebo sentambo kuqoqosho olunemveliso nokuvelisa imisebenzi, okukhokelela kwintswela-ngqesho enkulu kunye nokuqhubeleka kwengqondo yokufuna irenti exhomekeke ekuthunyelweni kwe-oyile negesi kumazwe angaphandle kunye nokungenisa yonke enye into.
Ixabiso ayinakuqondwa ngenene ngaphandle kokujonga esinye isibetho esisibizayo Hogra eAlgeria. Hogra lithetha indelelo, indelelo, ukukhethelwa bucala kwaye likwachaza isimo sengqondo esivumela kwaye sisasaze ubundlobongela kwabaninzi, laissรฉs ugalele compte (abantu abalityelweyo nababekelwe bucala).
'Sikhetha ukufa kutyiwa ziintlanzi kunokutyiwa ziimpethu'
Ngenxa yezithintelo kwinkululeko yokuthetha nokunxulumana nangenxa yokunqongophala kwendawo yokuzonwabisa, ubugcisa kunye nokuyila, abantu abatsha baziva befuthaniselekile, bethotyiwe, bengenasidima - abantu basemzini kwilizwe labo kwaye ekuphela kombono abanokuthi bawubone ngulo. ngaphaya kolwandle. Ngaloo ndlela, sisenzo sokugxeka ugunyaziso kwaye ngandlela-thile yinkcubeko yosukuzwano evela kwiqela lentlalontle elivakalelwa kukuba lijongelwa phantsi kwaye lingahoywa. Kwisigidimi esinamandla esiya kwiiklasi ezilawulayo eAlgeria, ulutsha luthi: โRoma Wella Antoumaโ, gama elo elithetha โiRoma kunawe.โ Kwakhona bathi: โSikhetha ukufa kutyiwa ziintlanzi kunokuba sityiwe ziimpethu.โ
Ulutsha lwase-Algeria lubeka ubomi balo esichengeni ukuze lufike kunxweme olusemantla eMeditera ukuze lubaleke ukuphelelwa lithemba lokungahoywa nokuthotywa. AmaHeti - ngokoqobo, abo banomqolo kwiindonga, igama elisetyenziselwa ukubhekisela kwabangasebenziyo abayeka ukuba ngabachaphazelekayo be-Algeria emva kobukoloniyali. Kodwa endaweni yokuvuselela ilizwe kunye nokutyala imali kubantu balo, abasemagunyeni baseAlgeria banikezela ngenkxaso yemali kwi-IMF, isixhobo se-neo-colonial sokuphanga. lwaqhwalelisa uqoqosho ekuqaleni. Urhwaphilizo olukhoyo, oluye lwaba yimeko yesiqhelo e-Algeria, lwenza izinto zaba mbi nangakumbi.
Ixabiso yimbonakaliso ye kwenzeka ntoni eAlgeria kunye namanye amazwe ase-Afrika kwiminyaka engamashumi amahlanu emva kokuzimela, kunye ne-elite elawulayo kuphela umxholo wokwanelisa i-capital yangaphandle kunye nokuthobela i-diktats yeenkosi zabo zaseNtshona. Ikwangumfuziselo wokongama kwabamhlophe, ukuxhatshazwa kongxowankulu kunye nolawulo lwama impiriyali oluhamba kunye nolawulo lwengcinezelo norhwaphilizo eAfrika nakwezinye iindawo.
Intlekele yokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe esiyibonayo kuLwandle lweMeditera iya kuqhubeka lo gama iziseko zolawulo ezizinzisiweyo zamagunya nengcinezelo zisekho, lo gama nje ukuphangwa kobutyebi bendalo baseAfrika kusaqhubeka, lo gama siphila inkqubo engenabulungisa ngokunzulu. ngokuqhubeka nolawulo lwalo nokubakhutshelwa ngaphandle kwabo bahlelelekileyo bomhlaba nabagwetyiweyo baselwandle. Kuyimfuneko kwaye kungxamisekile ukubandakanyeka kumzabalazo wobulungisa behlabathi ngokuchasene nenkqubo ebeka inzuzo phambi kwabantu.
Hamza Hamouchene ngumbhali waseAlgeria, umlweli kunye nomseki we-Algeria Solidarity Campaign (ASC). Imibhalo yakhe yavela kwi-Guardian, Huffington Post, Counterpunch, Jadaliyya, New Internationalist kunye ne-openDemocracy.
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