[Eli nqaku, kunye notshintshiselwano olwalandelayo kunye no-Major Nathan C. Hurst, luvele kwi-symposium malunga nokuma komkhosi wehlabathi we-US evele ngo. UMama Jones. Njengoko inqaku lalithunyelwa, safunda ukuba ngobusuku buka-Oktobha 24 enye indiza yase-US, ngeli xesha iCessna 172 encinci yatshitshiswa e-Okinawa emva kokuqhawula iingcingo eziphezulu, kwaye yavutha amadangatye. Oomoya abane base-US ababekhwele babengamalungu eklabhu yokubhabha yabucala e-Kadena Air Base, "i-hub ye-US airpower in the Pacific". I-Kadena likhaya kwi-18,000 ye-airmen yase-US kunye ne-4,000 yabasebenzi baseJapan. Abasemagunyeni eUnited States bathi le nqwelo-moya yekarhulumente. Abacimi-mlilo basekuhlaleni bawucima lo mlilo baza bakhapha aba bane ukuya kwisibhedlele esikufutshane. Njengoko kwibali elilandelayo, le ngozi ibonisa ngokugqibeleleyo impixano yolawulo phantsi kweSivumelwano seSimo seMikhosi njengoko abasemagunyeni base-US bakhaba iinzame zaseburhulumenteni zaseJapan zokuphanda inqwelomoya ukuze kuqondwe unobangela wengozi. I-Okinawa Times ibonise i-crane enkulu ilayisha inkunkuma yenqwelomoya kwilori yomkhosi waseMelika. Abasemagunyeni base-US bathi kukho umthetho okhethekileyo wolwaphulo-mthetho ohlonyelwe kwi-SOFA ekhanyela abasemagunyeni baseJapan ukuba bathathe impahla yomkhosi wase-US ngaphandle kwemvume yomkhosi wase-US. Abasemagunyeni baseJapan balindele impendulo kwisicelo sabo sokuhlola isixhobo sokurekhoda. Inyaniso yokuba ingozi yenzeke kufuphi neNago, apho abachasi baye balwa nezicwangciso zase-US zokwakha iSikhululo soMoya esitsha saseLwandle, ngokuqinisekileyo siya kuqinisa iifowuni zokumisa izicwangciso zokwakha. Ividiyo yeFuji TV yenqwelomoya eyantlithekayo ibonisa abacimi-mlilo basekuhlaleni becima umlilo kunye nodliwano-ndlebe namakhwenkwe awayedlala ibaseball kwibala elikufutshane. Ingxoxo yesiganeko kunye nenkcazo malunga ne-Okinawan anti-base sentiment phakathi kwabasebenzi benkonzo yase-US kunye nabanye, bona iForam yase-Okinawa yaseJapan.]
Kwinqaku lakhe elithi "Indlela Yokuhlala e-Iraq iminyaka eyi-1,000," uFrida Berrigan uthatha umcimbi wezivumelwano zemikhosi (SOFAs), ezo zivumelwano zimisela ukuma kwemikhosi yase-US esekelwe okanye esebenza kumazwe angaphandle. Ukhankanya ukuba amalungelo akhethekileyo anikwe phantsi kwe-SOFA yase-US-Japan ibe ngumthombo othile wenzondo e-Okinawa, apho ii-GIs ezazenze izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho ngokuchasene ne-Okinawans zaye zakhuthazwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngamapolisa asemkhosini wase-US kwaye zanyamalala, ngokucacileyo zabuyiselwa e-US, zishiya. akucaci nokuba bakhe bamangalelwa na kwinkundla yasemkhosini.
Amava e-Okinawa azisa kugxininiso lokuthotywa kwesi sithonga, kodwa isiganeko samva nje apha siphakamisa omnye umbuzo: Xa i-push ifika ukutyhala, ingaba umkhosi wase-US uzimisele kangakanani ukuthobela izivumelwano zawo?
Ngo-Agasti 2004, ngoLwesihlanu i-13, i-helicopter evela kwi-US Marine Air Station e-Futenma yabetha ecaleni kwesakhiwo ngaphakathi kweYunivesithi yase-Okinawa International, yawa phantsi, yaqhuma, yatshisa.
Ngommangaliso, akukho mntu wumbi ngaphandle kwabasebenzi owenzakeleyo. Kodwa okwenzekayo emva koko kwakungaqhelekanga.
Kwangoko, amanqaku amaninzi eMarines eza egalela phezu kocingo (isiseko kunye neyunivesithi zibuyela emva), kwaye zahlala eyunivesithi. Babeka intambo yeteyiphu etyheli ejikeleze indawo yengozi, kwaye bakhabela kungekuphela nje iintatheli kunye nabathwebuli, kodwa nabacimi-mlilo baseOkinawa ababeze kucima umlilo, amapolisa asekuhlaleni awayeze kuphanda unobangela wale ngozi, kwanosodolophu wedolophu.
Ngolo rhatya umhlobo wam wandiqhubela kwezinye izitalato ezingasemva, ephepha imiqobo yendlela, yaye sakwazi ukungena eyunivesithi, ukuya kufikelela kwindawo eyayivalwe ngeteyiphu etyheli. Ukuma emva kweteyiphu kwakukho umgca wamaLungu ePalamente yaseLwandle, izibhamu kwiibhanti zabo. Emva kwabo, iiMarines zazidiliza i-helicopter ephukile kwaye ziyilayishe kwiilori (ukusuka kumbono wamapolisa, ukutshabalalisa ubungqina).
Le ndlela yokuziphatha ngokwendalo yatsala uqhanqalazo oluninzi, kodwa uninzi lwabantu base-Okinawa bafikelela kwisigqibo esifanayo: Kwaphinda kwangqina ukuba iSOFA kufuneka ihlaziywe. Ndizibuza ngale nto, ndifumene ikopi yesivumelwano kwaye ndakhangela igatya elivumela umkhosi wase-US ukuba uhlale kwindawo engaphandle kweziseko zawo.
Akukho mhlathi onjalo.
Ngaphezu koko, malunga nelungelo lamaLungu ePalamente ukuba asebenze ngaphandle kweziseko zabo, i-SOFA icacile. Ukuba ii-GI zaseMelika zenza, okanye zibandakanyeka, uhlobo oluthile lwenkathazo kwisiseko, ngoko ke amapolisa asemkhosini wase-US anokuthi, emva kokwazisa amapolisa aseJapan ngeenjongo zawo, aye apho kukho ingxaki kwaye asebenzise amandla abo amapolisa ngokuchasene nezo GIs. Kodwa amaLungu ePalamente awanawo amandla amapolisa kubemi baseJapan ngaphandle kweziseko.
Yayiyintoni ke loo mipu? Ngaphantsi kwe-SOFA ekhoyo, babengenaso isiseko esisemthethweni sokusongela abantu ngaphandle kwesiseko ngobundlobongela. Xa ibutho lomkhosi, eliphatha izixhobo, lithatha ulawulo lwenxalenye yelizwe langaphandle ngaphandle kwemvume yorhulumente waloo mmandla, elona xesha lifanelekileyo, ndiyakholelwa, kukungena emkhosini. Umsebenzi weYunivesithi yase-Okinawa yamazwe ngamazwe yayincinci kwaye ihlala ixesha elifutshane kodwa kumxholo womthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, yiloo nto yayiyiyo.
Esi siganeko sichaza ukuba umkhosi wase-US usiqonda njani isimo sawo kumazwe angaphandle. Oko kukuthi, iyakuthobela imeko yezivumelwano zemikhosi xa kungekho kuphazamiseka okukhulu, kodwa kwimeko yobunzima, iya kusebenza ngokuthanda.
Ukuba imikhosi yase-US e-Okinawa ikhe yabandakanyeka emfazweni kunye notshaba olusondeleyo, sinokuqiniseka ukuba umkhosi uya kuphatha i-archipelago yonke, kwaye kungekhona nje iindawo ezithile ezikhethiweyo, njengesiseko sayo. Ewe, oku kunokuba luphawu olukhethekileyo lwe-Okinawa, apho umkhosi wase-US, kwaye ngakumbi i-Marine Corps, isajonga ngokuyinxenye njenge-turf yayo, ixhoba lemfazwe yangaphambili. Mhlawumbi kwamanye amazwe umkhosi uya kuba nentlonelo ngakumbi, kwanakwingxaki, kulawulo lwasekuhlaleni. Kodwa ndingaqinisekanga kakhulu.
Impendulo [1] ngu Major Nathan C. Hurst
UMnu. Lummis wenza iingongoma ezithile apha endifuna ukuzithetha.
Okokuqala nokuphambili, ndiyavuma ukuba siye sahlala siziphatha kakubi iinkqubo zomthetho ezichasene namaMarines kunye namaJoni ase-Okinawa awenze ubugwenxa. Ezo Inqaku 15 uphando (njengejaji grand) kunye neenkundla jikelele-kartial kufuneka kwenzeke kwi Okinawa kwaye evuleleke kakhulu kunye noluntu ukunika Okinawans umbono wendlela amavili yobulungisa emkhosini ukusebenza. Mandikuqinisekise, zisebenza kakuhle. Umkhosi awuzifuni izaphuli-mthetho phakathi kwawo. Kubi kucwangco olulungileyo kunye nokuziphatha komkhosi.
Ngapha koko, ilungiselelo le-SOFA elingabandakanyi imikhosi yase-US ekutshutshisweni e-Japan ngenxa yolwaphulo-mthetho olunohlwaywa e-USA (mhlawumbi phantsi komthetho we-federal okanye i-Uniform Code of Military Justice, i-UCMJ ngokufutshane), ayixhaphakanga kuphela (ifumaneka eJamani, eBelgium, kunye nayo nayiphi na into. esinye isizwe apho sine-SOFA), kodwa yinto eqhelekileyo xa kukho ingxabano yokulawula amajoni asekelwe e-United States.
Umgca ongezantsi: Inkqubo icokisekile kwaye kukho izikhuselo ezininzi ngokuchasene nabaphathi abaphembelela inkqubo. Ngelixa umkhosi wase-US ungenzanga umsebenzi olungileyo ukwenza le nkqubo icace kubantu base-Okinawa naseJapan, abantu baseMelika banokuqiniseka ukuba amajoni anetyala aya kugwetywa kwaye agwebe.
Ngokubhekiselele kwingozi ye-helicopter, lelo libali elahlukileyo kwaye akukho SOFA eya kuligubungela. Ndiyavuma ukuba iMarines yayinokwenza umsebenzi ongcono ngokuvuleka ngakumbi kunye nokusebenza nabasemagunyeni basekuhlaleni. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezinkulu ezidlalwayo apha ezithintele urhulumente waseJapan ukuba afake uqhanqalazo olusesikweni kwaye apho uMnu.
Izixhobo zomkhosi, kunye nezixhobo zozakuzo, zithathwa phantsi komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe "njengesixhobo sokumkani." Oko kuthetha ukuba, ngenxa yokungabikho kwexesha elingcono, ukungakhuseleki kwezopolitiko kwaye iwela kuphela phantsi kwegunya likarhulumente ongumnikazi. Kungenxa yoko le nto imikhosi yase-US ikhusela iinqwelomoya zase-US ngelixa zisemhlabeni kumazwe angaphandle kwaye kutheni i-US Marine Guards kunye namagosa oKhuseleko lweDiplomatic angasebenzisa amandla abulalayo ukukhusela i-US Diplomatic Missions kunye nabasebenzi babo phesheya. Ukuthumela ibutho elixhobileyo lokhuseleko lwaseLwandle ukuba ligade indawo yengozi ibingurhulumente wase-US ekhusela iimfuno zakhe. Ndiyakuqinisekisa ukuba kwimizuzu embalwa yengozi, iSekela likaMongameli weMishini kwi-Embassy yase-US eTokyo yaziswa ngale meko kwaye yayisele ithetha noRhulumente waseJapan malunga nayo.
Izixhobo zokumkani zinokuba nolwazi olubuthathaka kakhulu kunye nobugcisa. Ngenxa yokuba kufutshane kwe-Okinawa e-China kwakukho imfuneko yokhuseleko lwesizwe ecinezelayo yokukhusela indawo yengozi ukuze kuthintelwe itekhnoloji yasemkhosini yase-US ukuba inganyamalali kwindawo yengozi, mhlawumbi kwinkonzo yobuntlola yaseTshayina. Ngoko ke, ngoxa le ndlela yayingekho mnandi, imfuneko yayingxamisekile.
Mandiyenze icace le nto, nangona kunjalo: Ndivakalelwa kukuba amajoni aseMelika aphesheya kufuneka abe nochuku ngakumbi ngokwenkcubeko kunokuba kunjalo. Kulula ngandlelโ ithile kumajoni amiswe phesheya kumazwe aseYurophu, apho kukho ukufana kwenkcubeko. Noko ke, ukuhlala kwiMpuma Ekude phakathi kwenkcubeko yamandulo neqhayiya eyahluke ngokupheleleyo kweyethu kwenza kube lula ukukhubekisa umninimzi.
Umgca osezantsi: Yayihlangene kwaye ilungile imikhosi yase-US ukukhusela indawo yengozi, ngaphandle kwabo bonke abangengawo umkhosi kwesi siza. Yayingelokratshi okanye ukuhlasela ngomkhosi. Yayingumbandela wokhuseleko lwelizwe. Nangona kunjalo, bekufanele ukuba benze umsebenzi ongcono wokusebenzisana nabasemagunyeni basekuhlaleni.
NdiliGosa loMkhosi wase-US kwaye izimvo endiziveze apha zezam. Ababonisi umgaqo-nkqubo osemthethweni okanye isikhundla soMkhosi wase-US.
uLummis uyaphendula [1]
Ndifuna ukubulela uMaj. Nathan C. Ubuhlungu ngempendulo yakhe ecingisisiweyo nenolwazi kwinqaku lam. Kuyo wenza iingongoma eziphambili ezimbini. I-1) Sukuba nexhala, umkhosi awukho kwaphela ekohlwayeni abaphuli bomthetho phakathi kwawo, nangona ingasoloko ilungile ukwenza le nkqubo icace ebantwini kumazwe abamba iziseko zawo. I-2) Izixhobo zomkhosi zibhekwa "njengesixhobo somlawuli" phantsi komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, ngoko ke iiMarines ezivela kwi-Futenma Airbase zavunyelwa ngokusemthethweni ekusebenziseni (usongelo) amandla abulalayo ukugcina abantu kude ne-helicopter yabo.
Ngokubhekiselele kwelokuqala, ndiyazi ukuba umkhosi unzima kubaphuli-mthetho kwiimeko ezithile - kakhulu ngamanye amaxesha kunabaphathi abaninzi. Kodwa oku akwenzi nto ukuphelisa amathandabuzo okuba ubulungisa basemkhosini bunokuba buthathaka ngakumbi xa ixhoba lingowasemzini- yithi, umfazi wase-Okinawan. "Umgangatho ophindwe kabini" ayisiyonto intsha kubulungisa base-US.
Ngokubhekiselele kwingcinga ethi "isixhobo sokumkani", uMaj. Ubuhlungu uchanekile kuqikelelo lwakhe lokuba le yinto ebendingayazi ngayo. Andindedwa kule nto: abantu base-Okinawan abazi malunga nayo, uSodolophu u-Iha Yoichi weSixeko saseGinowan (apho kwenzeka ingozi) akazi malunga nayo (unentsingiselo eyahlukileyo) kwaye kubonakala ukuba i-Consul General yase-US ayizange ' Ndiyazi ngayo-okanye ukuba uyenzile, andazi ukuba uyikhankanyile. (Mhlawumbi kungenxa yoko watshintshwa.)
UMaj. Hurt uthi izimvo ezivakaliswe kuyo zezakhe. Ngaba oko kuthetha ukuba ingcamango "yesixhobo sikaMongami" luluvo lwakhe okanye utoliko lwakhe, okanye ngaba ngokwenene ngumgaqo owamkelweyo kumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe? Ukuba lo wokugqibela, ngaba lo mthetho wesintu, okanye umiselwe kwisivumelwano samazwe ngamazwe? Ukuba kukho isivumelwano esinjalo, lithini igama laso? Ngaba iqinisekisa ilungelo lokusebenzisa amandla abulalayo ukukhusela izixhobo zomkhosi kumazwe angaphandle kuwo onke amazwe, okanye kwamanye kuphela? Ukuba inqwelomoya yemfazwe yaseMexico yawela kumda eTexas, ngaba umkhosi waseMexico unelungelo elisemthethweni lokuyirhangqa ngamajoni axhobileyo kwaye ukhuphe amapolisa aseTexas kunye nesebe lomlilo?
Ngokuqinisekileyo, kunzima ukucinga ukuba iintlola zaseTshayina zingena kumapolisa esixeko saseGinowan kunye nesebe lomlilo. Inkcazo ekholelwa ngabaninzi base-Okinawa ikholelwa ngakumbi: ukuba i-helicopter ekuthethwa ngayo iqulethe iinxalenye ezenziwe nge-uranium ephelile kwaye iMarines yayifuna ukuyifihla loo nto.
Major Hurt uyaphendula [2]
Enkosi, Mnu. Lummis, ngempendulo yakho echukumisayo kwisithuba sam.
Ndenze uphando oluncinci kwaye ndifunde ukuba kwiimeko ezininzi, amalungu enkonzo yaseMelika azama ngokubanzi kwisithuba / isiseko esikufutshane solwaphulo-mthetho. Ngokubanzi, oku kunceda ukufikelela kubungqina, amangqina, kwaye kwenza ukunika ubungqina kube lula. Kubonakala ngathi kuchasene nokuthanda ukuhambisa imikhosi isiwe kwesinye isithuba okanye isiseko kukhokelo lwetyala, ngaphandle kokuba akukho ndlela yokubagcina beseluvalelweni lwaphambi kokuvavanywa kwetyala kwisikhululo sabo somsebenzi ngoku. Nangona kunjalo, oko kukuqikelela nje. Kunokubakho amatyala ambalwa apho abalawuli abanganyanisekanga bathumele amalungu enkonzo ngasemva ukunqanda ukutshutshiswa kwendawo. Nangona kunjalo, amagqwetha asemkhosini aya kuyiyeka ngokubanzi le nto ukuba ayibambe umoya.
Enyanisweni, nangona kunjalo, kunzima kakhulu ukukhawuleza "umoya" ilungu lenkonzo libuyele kumazwe, njengokuphelisa ukhenketho lwaphesheya ngaphambi kobude obumiselweyo bokhenketho (ngokubanzi 12, 24, okanye 36 iinyanga) kufuna ukurhoxiswa ngezizathu ezifanelekileyo. Ngalo naliphi na inyathelo endleleni, umphathi, igosa lezabelo/i-NCO, okanye omnye umntu okhoyo unokuzisa le ntshukumo iye kumisa. Ukongeza, kukho imiba efana nokuthunyelwa kwempahla yasekhaya kunye nokucoca isiseko ekufuneka siqwalaselwe. Ukwenza oku kuthatha ixesha elininzi, nto leyo evumela imeko ukuba iphuhle kwicala lesizwe esisingethekileyo.
Ndingathanda kwakhona ukulungisa impazamo endiyenzileyo ngaphambili. Umkhosi olingana nophando lwejury enkulu luphando lweSiqendu 31. Inkqubo yeSiqendu se-15 yindlela umkhosi olawula ngayo isohlwayo esingenabulungisa.
Ndenze nolunye uphando malunga nale ngozi. Ndimema uMnu. Lummis kunye naye nabani na ongomnye onomdla ukuba afunde ingxelo yayo kwi Iwebhusayithi yozakuzo wase-US eTokyo. Le ngcaciso emfutshane inika umfanekiso owahlukileyo wesiganeko kunalowo uthiwe thaca nguMnu. Lummis.
Le nguqulelo, ngokuqinisekileyo, ikufutshane nenyaniso ngenxa yezizathu ezibini: Eyokuqala, amajoni aseLwandle awalunyusayo elucingweni kwathiwa atsale amalungu amathathu enqanawa kwingozi ngaphambi kokuba itshise umlilo, ngaloo ndlela esindisa ubomi bawo. (Ikwabancoma ngokuncedisa ekuphumeni - ukungahlali - kwisakhiwo inqwelo-moya eyabetha ngayo.) Okwesibini, iiMarines aziyi kuba nezixhobo okanye iimbumbulu ngaphandle kokuba zibe kuluhlu lwemipu, kumkhosi womkhosi kwindawo yemfazwe, okanye ukukhonza. Umsebenzi njengepolisa lasemkhosini (okanye komnye umsebenzi wokhuseleko olusisiseko apho baya kugunyaziswa ukuba baphathe isixhobo kunye neembumbulu). Ngethuba leentsuku eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza, izixhobo zivalelwe kumagumbi eengalo kwaye izixhobo zikhuselekile kwindawo yokugcina izixhobo. Kukho iinkqubo ezisemthethweni ezifunekayo ukufumana nokuba kwezi ndawo zokugcina kwaye zombini zilawulwa ngokuqinileyo xa zikhutshiwe. La maMarines ayenokwenza imisebenzi yawo yesiqhelo yemihla ngemihla, ayengaxhobanga, abona inqwelo-ntaka ihla, kwaye yenza oko nawuphi na uMkhosi waseLwandle owawuza kwenza enye iMarine esengozini: baya kunceda ngokukhawuleza njengoko babenako. Imikhosi exhobileyo yokukhusela indawo yengozi kusenokwenzeka ukuba yafika kamva.
Andikwazi ukuphawula ngoSodolophu weSixeko saseGinowan okanye uMmeli-Jikelele wase-US ukungazi ngoxanduva/izenzo/njl. Nangona kunjalo, ndinokuxelela ukuba i-akhawunti enikezelwe yi-ambassy ithi i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa weMicimbi yangaphandle yaseJapan yaziswa kwimizuzu engama-42 yengozi. Ukuba nemvelaphi encinci kumsebenzi we-ambassy, โโโโndiqikelela ukuba isaziso mhlawumbi senyuka ikhonkco le-Marine Corps yeendlela zomyalelo wokunika ingxelo kwaye emva koko kwi-Ofisi ye-Defence Attachรฉ e-Tokyo, eyathi, yayisa kuSekela-Ntloko yeMishini. I-DCM mhlawumbi iyalele umntu ukuba azise iWashington emva koko waya kuthetha norhulumente waseJapan. Qaphela ukuba i-Consul General yase-US yayingekho kuluhlu lwengxelo. I-Consulate, ngelixa i-satellite ye-ambassy, โโayinabo abasebenzi basemkhosini kwaye ayilwenzi intsebenziswano yeqhinga eyenziwa yi-Embassy.
Ndiye ndalungiswa kancinane kwingcamango "yesixhobo sobukhosi." Ingcamango ichaneke ngakumbi ngokuthi "umthetho weflegi." Yinxalenye ekudala ikho yomthetho wesintu wamazwe ngamazwe kwaye imvelaphi yawo ikakhulu yeyomkhosi waselwandle kwaye yandulela isiseko sexesha elide saMajoni ase-US phesheya kolwandle, kodwa inokuba nesicelo emhlabeni ngokunjalo.
Imeko eqikelelwayo yenqwelomoya yaseMexico eyantlitheka e-US, njengoko uMnu Lummis wayimisayo, ayiyi kuwela phantsi kweli tyala. Kuya kuthathwa njengokungeniswa, nokuba bekungabom okanye hayi. Inqwelo-moya kufuneka ibe nemvume yokungena kwindawo yomoya yelinye ilizwe. Kwiinqwelo-moya ezihlala abantu, oku ngokuqhelekileyo kulawulwa zizivumelwano, izivumelwano zamazwe amabini, kunye namaziko asekuhlaleni. Kwinqwelomoya yomkhosi, iOfisi ye-Defence Attachรฉ ifumana imvume yokubhabha yozakuzo ukuze inqwelomoya ingene kwindawo yelizwe langaphandle. Ke, ngaphandle kokuba inqwelomoya inemvume yokulwa, iya kuthathwa njengento yokungena kwaye urhulumente wase-US unelungelo lokukhusela nokukhangela indawo. Ukuba inqwelomoya ibinokuvunyelwa ukubhabha, phantsi komthetho weflegi, urhulumente waseMexico uya kugcina ulawulo. Kusenokubakho imfuneko yokuba urhulumente wase-US akhusele isiza, kunye nokucima umlilo, de abantu baseMexico bafike apho, kodwa, ekubeni inqwelomoya yayinikwe imvume yozakuzo, iya kuhlala inegunya laseMexico. Ngokunokwenzeka, ukhuseleko lwesiza luya kuba ngumsebenzi odibeneyo wase-US-Mexican, kunye nathi ukuncedisa abantu baseMexico ngelixa besenza oko kufuneka bakwenze kwindawo yengozi. Oku kuya kufana nendlela i-website ye-Embassy yaseTokyo yase-US echaza ngayo ukhuseleko lwe-Okinawa site crash. Oku kukuqonda kwam umthetho weflegi ngokusekwe kumava am alinganiselweyo okusebenza kumzi wozakuzo wase-US. Nceda ukhumbule ukuba andilogqwetha kwaye le yindlela endiyiqonda ngayo ukuba isebenza.
Kwiintlola zaseTshayina: mhlawumbi hayi kangako ngamapolisa kunye nesebe lomlilo, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba amanye amapolisa ayahlawulwa. Ndicinga nje kwizinto ezinokwenzeka apha. Iinkonzo zobuntlola zijonga imikhethe, ukunxunguphala, kunye nezinye iimpawu zokuxhaphaza abantu. Ipolisa elifuna ukuba abantu baseMelika bahambe lingajoliswa kwinkonzo yobuntlola. Isoyikiso esibonakalayo sobuntlola iya kuba ngabafundi baseTshayina abaya kwiYunivesithi yaMazwe ngaMazwe yase-Okinawa (iwebhusayithi ye-OIU idwelisa isiTshayina phakathi kwezizwe zabafundi bamazwe aphesheya). Nokuba baziiarhente eziqokeleleneyo zobuntlola okanye akunjalo, amathuba okuba baxoxwe bubukrelekrele baseTshayina xa bebuyela eTshayina. Ngaphandle koko, leliphi ikhuselo elingcono learhente yobuntlola yaseTshayina efuna ukuhlola imisebenzi yasemkhosini yase-US kufutshane neTshayina kunokuba ngumfundi osecaleni kweSikhululo soMoya saseMarine Corps?
Ndifumanisa ukuba izimvo zikaMnu. Lummis eziphelelwe yiuranium azikholeleki. Inqwelo-ntaka eyantlitheka yayiyi-CH-53. "CH" ithetha "I-Helicopter yeCargo." Luncedo lwezothutho. Asiyonqwelo-moya yokuhlasela. Ixhobe kancinane kuphela ukuzikhusela. Iinqwelomoya kufuneka zibe khaphukhaphu kangangoko kwaye zikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zemishini ebeziyilelwe yona. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, iihelikopta zakhiwe ikakhulu nge-aluminiyam kunye ne-titanium alloys kuba zilula, zibhetyebhetye kwaye zomelele. I-uranium ephelelweyo inzima, ixinene, kwaye ilukhuni. [T]apha akukho uranium iphelileyo kwi-airframe ye-CH-53.
Enkosi ngokumamela uluvo lwam. Ndiyathemba ukuba ndiyiphendule uninzi lwemibuzo yakho, ukuba ayingayo yonke. Ndifumana ingxoxo apha inomdla kwaye isemthethweni. Ndiyayibulela loo nto. Kwakhona, nceda ukhumbule ukuba ngoxa ndiliGosa Lomkhosi, ndivakalisa nje uluvo lwam lobuqu. Andiwuthetheli uMkhosi.
uLummis uyaphendula [2]
Ndifuna ukubulela uMajor Hurt kwakhona ngempendulo yakhe ecingisisiweyo neneenkcukacha, kunye noncedo lwakhe ekuqiniseni iyelenqe, ngokungathi kunjalo.
Inqaku likaMajor Hurt liqulethe ulungiso olubalulekileyo. Ilungelo labasemanzini base-US lokuhlala eyunivesithi ngaphandle kwesiseko sabo, bamise intambo exhobileyo ejikeleze indawo yengozi, bagcine amapolisa nabahloli bomlilo, kwaye bakhulule kwaye bakhuphe ihelikopta yabo eyonakeleyo ayithatyathelwanga kwicala elifanelekileyo " isixhobo solongamo" emva koko. Kwandivuyisa ukuva oko, kuba ndandingazange ndiyive into enjalo. Ngoku usixelela ukuba kukwandiswa kwelungelo lokungakhuseleki kozakuzo eligcinwe ngabathunywa bozakuzo, abazakuzo kunye nezinye iimishini zozakuzo. Ewe, sonke siyazi ukuba i-ambassade kunye ne-consulates zigadwe ngamaqela omkhosi avela kumazwe abo. U-Major Hurt ufuna ukuseyisela ukuba olu khuselo lusebenza kwizixhobo zomkhosi ezonakaliswe kumazwe angaphandle- ukuba nje izixhobo zingekho ngokungekho semthethweni. Olu lutoliko ololula intsingiselo yesiNtu yokhuselo lozakuzo oluncinci kakhulu. Ndiyaqala ukuqonda ukuba kutheni uMajor Hurt elumkile ukuba athi ezi ziimbono zakhe zobuqu hayi ezo zomqeshi wakhe, uMkhosi wase-US. Ndiza kubuyela kweli nqaku.
U-Major Hurt uthi kufuneka sijonge irekhodi lenkomfa yabezindaba eyayibanjelwe kwi-Embassy yase-US, eTokyo kwiiveki ezimbini emva kwengozi ukuze sifumane ulwazi oluchanekileyo. Ndenze njalo, kwaye unyanisile, inika umdla kakhulu.
Ngokomzekelo, isithethi somkhosi esingaziwa sathi ngomhla wengozi, i-Futenma Airbase inqaba yokulawula ukuhamba kweenqwelomoya ifumene umnxeba obandezelekileyo ovela kwi-helicopter ngo-2: 17 PM, ukuba i-helicopter yaphahlazeka ngo-2: 18 PM, kwaye ngo-2. :19 PM inqaba yokulawula ifumene umnxeba ovela kwenye inqwelomoya ebika ukuba ibona inqwelo-moya iphahlazeka kwaye ibambe umlilo. Emva koko isithethi sathi iMarines kwisiseko "yanciphisa iingcingo ezimbini ukuya kwindawo yokuphahlazeka, kwaye yakhupha amalungu amathathu abasebenzi kude ne-wreckage ngaphambi kokuba indiza igqabhuke ngamadangatye."
Njengoko kusenzeka, ndifundisa kuloo yunivesithi, kwaye ke kwiveki ephelileyo ndenyuka ndaya phezulu kwisakhiwo apho iklasi yam ikhona kwaye ndajonga enye iFutenma Airbase ngaphandle kwefestile yangasemva. Ubonwa eyunivesithi, i-airstrip ibaleka ngasekhohlo nasekunene, iibharakhi kunye nezakhiwo zolawulo zikwicala elikude; kwicala elikufutshane kukho ii-hangers, iindawo zokugcina iimpahla, iivenkile zoomatshini, njl.njl. Phakathi kwaloo ndawo yokusebenzela kunye nocingo kukho indawo enemithi eshinyeneyo malunga neemitha ezingama-20 okanye ezingama-30 ububanzi, emva koko kukho ucingo lwenkanyamba oluxhonywe ngocingo oluhlabayo. Phakathi kocingo kunye nekhampasi kukho indawo yokuhlala emxinwa. Emva kokuba ungene ekhampasini, mhlawumbi kukho ezinye iiyadi ezingama-200, uhamba okanye ujikeleze izakhiwo, ukuya kwindawo yengozi.
Akukho mbaleki yeOlimpiki iza kudlula kula khosi yomqobo ngexesha isithethi se-Embassy samvumela.
I-Okinawan conspiracy theorists, abambalwa kodwa i-vociferous, ikholelwa ukuba i-helicopter crash yahlelwa ukubonisa abantu base-Okinawan ukuba isiseko se-Futenma siyingozi kangakanani, kwaye boyike ukuba bayeke ukuchasana nesiseko sokutshintshwa ngoku esicwangcisiweyo eNyakatho ye-Okinawa. Babeya kuba neqela leeMarines ezimile emahlathini emva kocingo, elindele ukuba i-helicopter iphazamise. Kwaye basebenzisa ixesha lesithethi se-Embassy ukuxhasa olo qikelelo. Andiyikholelwa ithiyori iyelenqe. Into endiyikholelwayo kukuba amabango aphikisayo esisithethi abonisa kuphela ukuba ebengakhathali malunga neenyani, kwaye ebezimisele ukuthetha nantoni na eluncedo.
Kukho omnye umzekelo. Iintatheli kwinkomfa yabezindaba zabuza isithethi ukuba kutheni ezinye iihelikopta ze-CH-53D, ezazibekwe phantsi emva kwengozi, zaphinda zavunyelwa ukuba zibhabhe kungekudala emva koko. Isithethi siphendule ukuba iihelikopta zivunyelwe ukuba zibhabhe kuphela emva kokuba unobangela wengozi ufunyenwe, kwaye kwafumaniseka ukuba ingxaki โyayiyodwaโ kule nqwelo-moya inye. Kubonakala ngathi isikhonkwane sasingekho kwisixhobo somsila, nto leyo eyenza ukuba kube nzima ukuyiqhuba. Iintatheli zayicinezela ingongoma. Ngaba le yimpazamo yomkhandi, okanye yintoni? Kwaye kwenzeka njani ukuba i-helicopter, eyayisendleleni ebuyayo ukusuka kwinqwelomoya yoqeqesho, yafika loo mgama ngaphandle kwephini, kwaye ngokukhawuleza yaphuma ekulawuleni? Impendulo: "[U] de olo phando lugqitywe, ndicinga ukuba kuphambi kwexesha ukuqikelela okwenzekileyo." "...Ndiza kumisela abaphandi ukuba beze nesizathu, unobangela, kunye nomgca wexesha waloo nto ilahlekileyo."
Ke bebengekayazi into eyenzekileyo, into ethetha ukuba ngekhe bazi ukuba ingxaki โyayiyodwaโ kule nqwelo-moya inye, kwaye ke ngoko ibingenaluxanduva kubo ukuba baphelise isiseko sabo ngaphambi kokuba yaziwe.
Kodwa okubaluleke ngakumbi kumxholo wale ngxoxo, isithethi asizange sivumelane no-Major Hurt malunga nokhuseleko lwezozakuzo. Isithethi sithi kungekudala emva kwengozi Amapolisa ase-Okinawa adibana namagosa aseMarine Corps "ukucela ukufikelela kwisiza ukwenza uphando lobugebengu malunga nesizathu sengozi." Ngoku, mamela ngokusondeleyo apha. Isithethi siyaqhubeka: "Ekuphenduleni, amagosa aseLwandle azisa i-OPP [Amapolisa ase-Okinawan Prefectural] ukuba iiMarines ziya kuhlala ziphethe indawo, ngokuhambelana nesivumelwano sexesha elide phakathi kukarhulumente wase-US kunye norhulumente waseJapan, phantsi kwe-SOFA. Unayo loo nto? Amapolisa ase-Okinawan "isicelo", iMarines "yazisa". Oku kuthetha ukuba iiMarines sele zithathe ulawulo olukhethekileyo lwalo mmandla, kwaye zizicingela njengegunya eliphakamileyo lokuba ngubani onokungena kwaye ngenxa yesiphi isizathu.
Yaye isiseko esisemthethweni selo gunya? YiSOFA phofu. Kodwa njengoko ndibhale kwisiqwenga sam sokuqala, kwaye njengoko ndikholelwa ukuba uMajor Hurt uyavuma, ayinakuba yiSOFA. Isivumelwano seSOFA asinalo igatya elivumela isenzo esinjalo.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, akukho mntu ugxeka i-Marines ngokufaka phezu kocingo, ukukhupha abahlobo babo ngaphandle kwe-helicopter, ukugalela amanzi emlilweni, okanye ukukhupha abantu kude nommandla wengozi. Kwimeko enjalo, ukuya esihogweni ngomthetho, nantso into oyenzayo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuvalwa kwendawo ngamaLungu ePalamente axhobileyo, ebeka izandla phezu kweelensi zeekhamera zeTV (ezazithatha kwifilimu) kunye nokugcina amapolisa asekuhlaleni kunye namasebe omlilo - kunye nosodolophu wedolophu.
U-Major Hurt wenza ityala elicingayo malunga nokuba kutheni "kungenakwenzeka" ukuba iMarines apho yayiza kuba nemipu. Kodwa, uxolo, bendilapho, kwaye ndabona imipu. Babekwibhanti zamaLungu ePalamente, ababesebenzisa amandla amapolisa phezu kwabemi baseJapan ngaphandle kwesiseko - kubandakanya, ukusebenzisa amandla amapolisa kumapolisa aseJapan. Eli lilungelo i-SOFA enganikeli ngokuthe ngqo emkhosini wase-US:
"Inqaku XVII, 16. Ngaphandle kwezi zakhiwo kunye neendawo [iziseko], amapolisa omkhosi anjalo aya kuqeshwa kuphela ngokuxhomekeke kumalungiselelo namagunya aseJapan kunye noqhagamshelwano naloo magunya kwaye njengoko kufuneka umsebenzi onjalo ukugcina uqeqesho kunye nokuziphatha. Ulungelelwano phakathi kwamalungu omkhosi wase-United States."
Ngaphandle kweziseko, amaLungu ePalamente anokusebenzisa amandla amapolisa kwii-GIs eziphazamisayo, kwaye yiloo nto.
Ndinokwamkela ukuba iiMarines zinokuba nelungelo eliphambili / uxanduva lokuqhaqha i-helicopter kunye nokucoca ukungcola. Kodwa kutheni imipu? Inkampani eqhekezayo inokuba noxanduva oluphambili lokudiliza isakhiwo, kodwa loo nto ayibaniki lungelo lokuhlala bengaphandle kwesakhiwo, umlilo, kunye nabanye abahloli bokhuseleko, besebenzisa imipu. Yayingumsebenzi wesebe lamapolisa e-Okinawan ukuphanda unobangela wengozi kwaye liqinisekise ukuba akukho kuhoywa kolwaphulo-mthetho okubandakanyekayo. Yayingumsebenzi weSebe loMlilo leSixeko saseGinowan ukuphanda unobangela womlilo. Olu phando lubini lwendalo olugqibeleleyo lwathintelwa ngokusetyenziswa komkhosi oxhobileyo. Ngaliphi ilungelo? Ummeli waseMelika, eTokyo uthi, SOFA. Kodwa i-SOFA ayinalo ilungiselelo elinjalo. U-Major Hurt uthi, ukhuselo lozakuzo oluqinisekisiweyo phantsi komthetho wesintu. Kodwa ndifumanisa oku kuyathandabuzeka. Isithethi se-Embassy asizange sinikeze oku njengesizathu, kwaye kunjalo, i-helicopter yomkhosi ayingonozakuzaku.
Omnye umbuzo ngulo, Ngoba? U-Major Hurt ufuna ukuba sikholelwe ukuba yayikukugcina iintlola zaseTshayina, ezoyikayo, ziye zangena kumapolisa aseGinowan kunye namasebe omlilo (elinde yonke loo minyaka ukuba inqwelo-moya iphahlazeke, kwaye ithandazela ukuba, xa iyenzeka, iya kuba. ngosuku abasemsebenzini, kwaye iyunithi yabo iya kuthunyelwa?). Andiyiqondi.
Kwinqaku lam ndakhankanya ukuba abaninzi base-Okinawa bakholelwa ukuba kungenxa yokuba ii-helicopter ziqulethe i-uranium ephelile. U-Major Hurt wenza ityala elicingayo malunga nokuba kutheni oko "kungenakwenzeka." Ngokwenyani, ngenxa yokuba iihelikopta zihlala zisebenzisa iuranium enobunzima obukhulu njengebhola, kwaye inqwelomoya yoqeqesho efana nale apho ihelikopta ithwele abasebenzi nje iya kuba sisihlandlo nje apho i-ballast iya kufuneka, ayibonakali ingenakwenzeka kwaphela.
Kodwa libala malunga nokungenakwenzeka. Kwaye ulibale malunga neuranium ephelelweyo; Bendiphosisile ukuyicebisa. Kwakuyi-strontium 90. NgoSeptemba 2, i-2004 i-Embassy yase-US, eTokyo, yavuma ukuba i-CH-53D ine-propeller blades isixhobo sokhuseleko esiqulethe i-strontium 90. Ndicinga ukuba sinokucinga ukuba le nto i-Marines ayifuni. Amapolisa asekuhlaleni kunye nesebe lomlilo ukuba bafumanise, kwaye kwakutheni emva kokuba ihelikopta ihambe bemba ukungcola phantsi kwendawo yengozi kwaye bahamba nayo.
C. Douglas Lummis, owayesakuba yi-Marine yase-US emiswe e-Okinawa, umbhali we IDemokhrasi eRadical kwaye lilungu leJapan Focus. Wafundisa kwiKholeji yaseTsuda.
Olu luguqulelo olufinyeziweyo lwenqaku nguC. Douglas Lummis, "I-Pentagon Promise Breakers: NgoLwesihlanu i-13 e-Okinawa" kunye nokutshintshiselana okulandelayo kunye no-Major Nathan C. Hurst. Isicatshulwa esipheleleyo, kunye ne-symposium epheleleyo malunga nokufikelela kwihlabathi jikelele kumkhosi wase-US owawuyinxalenye yawo, kuquka igalelo likaChalmers Johnson kunye noFrida Berrigan, ziyafumaneka Iwebhusayithi kaMama Jones.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela