MONTPELIER, VT.–Ngelixa isizwe silindele isigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo esidlulelwe lixesha esiza kuthatha isigqibo ngekamva likaMongameli Obama’s Affordable Care Act (ACA), omnye umdlalo wokhathalelo lwempilo onefuthe elibanzi kukhathalelo lwendalo iphela usaqala eVermont.
Ikhuthazwa yintshukumo eyomeleleyo yengca, indlu yowiso-mthetho yaseVermont ivotele kunyaka ophelileyo ukwenza inkqubo apho wonke ummi uya kuthi ekugqibeleni afanelekele ukhathalelo lwempilo oluxhaswa ngurhulumente.
"I-Green Mountain Care" iya kuthatha iminyaka emihlanu ukuphumeza ngokupheleleyo, nangona kunjalo. Oku kungenxa yobunzima kunye nobunzima bokuphelisa amalungiselelo e-inshorensi asele ekhona, ukoyisa imiqobo esemthethweni, ukukhetha indlela yokuxhasa ngemali, kunye nokujongana nemfuno engabalulekanga ye-ACA yokuba iVermont iqale idale "i-inshurensi yokutshintshiselana" yabucala (isantya esiphezulu iNkundla ePhakamileyo inokuphelisa ukuba iyayiphelisa. ibetha yonke okanye inxalenye ye-ACA).
Ngeli xesha, indawo yamashishini asekuhlaleni, i-inshurensi yabucala, abezopolitiko be-GOP, kunye ne-PACs ephiko lasekunene baye bahlanganisana kwaye baphikisana, kunye neentengiso ezingayekiyo. Benza konke okusemandleni abo ukuze baqinisekise ukuba umhlawuli omnye akaze enzeki kweli lizwe okanye nakweyiphi na enye into. Bayazi ukuba kuninzi kunokutshintsha, kwezopolitiko kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lukarhulumente, phakathi kwangoku kunye ne-2017, ngokukodwa kwindawo enemigaqo ye-gubernatorial yeminyaka emibini.
I-Business-Backed Counterattack
Uhlengahlengiso lwalo nyaka uphelileyo luxhaswe yiRhuluneli yeDemokhrasi uPeter Shumlin, usomashishini ozizigidi ezininzi ojongene nonyulo kwakhona kulo nyaka emva kokuba ephumelele iofisi ngo-2010.
Umhlawuli omnye uyaqhubeka nokuvota kakuhle kurhulumente, ngaphandle kokunqongophala kwezibonelelo ezibambekayo kwiVermonter enye ukuza kuthi ga ngoku-ubuthathaka abachasayo abalusebenzisayo kwiphulo labo lokubulala iintsholongwane kunye noloyiko. Uphando lwakutsha nje olwenziwe ngamajelo eendaba amaninzi aseVermont lufumene phantse i-48 yepesenti yabo baphandwayo basathanda umhlawuli omnye; Ama-36 ekhulwini ayachasa, abanye abaqinisekanga.
UShumlin kusenokwenzeka ukuba woyise umgqatswa we-GOP uRandy Brock, umcebisi wakhe ophambili nguDarcie Johnston, umseki weVermonters yeNkululeko yezeMpilo, umzila ophambili wepropaganda echasene nomhlawuli omnye, oxhaswa ngemali lishishini.
Kodwa nokuba uBrock kunye nomnye umgxeki kaShumlin uWendy Wilton, olwela ukuba ngunondyebo karhulumente, baphulukene noku kuwa, abaqhubela phambili bayoyika ukuba baya kusasaza amathandabuzo ngohlaziyo. Njengowona mba wephulo lakhe, uWilton uqikelela ukuba iVermont iya kuqhuba ukusilela kwebhajethi ngaphezulu kwe-2 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2018 ukuba umhlawuli omnye uba yinyani. Abadlali basekunene balumkisa malunga neerhafu ezintsha wonke umntu oza kufuneka azihlawule.
'Imfazwe yoMoya' yoMhlawuli omnye?
Ukuchasana nohlaselo olungqongqo, uShumlin kunye nabahlobo babambe inkomfa yabezindaba ngoLwesine olandelayo ukutyhila "Iinkokeli zeVermont: Umhlawuli omnye ngoku!," isithuthi sabo sokubhengeza kunye nokukhangela kwindlu ngendlu bexhasa iGreen Mountain Care. Olu longezo lutsha kwindawo yezopolitiko yaseVermont luza kuqesha abantu kwaye sele benyuse i-100,000 yeedola kuhambo lweenyanga ezintandathu "ukubandakanya kunye nokuvula i-Vermonters ngokusebenzisa imidiya kunye noququzelelo lwengca."
NgokukaPeter Sterling, usomashishini onamava wezopolitiko wasekhaya osandul' ukubizwa ngokuba ngumlawuli weqela, iVermonters inokulindela inkcitho engakumbi kwiintengiso zeTV, xa indlu yowiso-mthetho iphinda ihlangana.
Ngelishwa, i-Vermont Leads ayizobi kuthungelwano oloyikekayo lwengca oludalwe ukusukela ngo-2008 liZiko labaSebenzi baseVermont (VWC)-kwaye kubonakala ngathi yenzelwe ukugqitha elo qela, elilelona gqwetha likarhulumente linempembelelo yomhlawuli omnye. Iphulo le-VWC elithi “Inkathalo yezeMpilo liLungelo loLuntu” iye yanconywa ngokubanzi, ekuhlaleni nakwisizwe, ekhokele intshukumo yeminyaka emininzi yabasebenzi efunekayo ukuze kuphunyezwe umthetho owaziwa ngokuba nguMthetho wama-48 kulo nyaka uphelileyo.
Ngelixa sisebenza ngokusondeleyo noShumlin kunye nabaphambili bezomthetho beDemokhrasi ukufezekisa loo njongo, iZiko labaSebenzi likwakulungele ukukhalisa i-alamu kunye nokugubungela i-statehouse xa izinto zihamba ngendlela. NgoMeyi, ngo-2011, umzekelo, abaququzeleli be-VWC beza ngaphezulu kwe-1,500 i-Vermonters kwi-Capitol ukuze bathintele ubizo lwabangaphakathi bomthetho lokukhuphela ngaphandle abasebenzi abangabhalwanga kumhlaba woMthetho wama-48.
I-VWC sele ifumene inkxaso eqinile evela kwimibutho yabasebenzi kunye namalungu ahlala kwaye asebenza eVermont-njengabasebenzi boMbane abaManyeneyo, abaSebenzi bezoNxibelelwano, kunye ne-Vermont Federation of Nurses and Health Professionals, ezixoxisana nabasebenzi abaninzi bokhathalelo lwezempilo kurhulumente.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, i-Vermont Leads ixhaswa ngemali ngumbutho omnye kuphela-i-1.9 yezigidi zabasebenzi beNkonzo, abangenamalungu asebenza kurhulumente kwaye basilela ukudibanisa noMbutho wabaSebenzi base-Vermont State ozimeleyo ngaphezu kweminyaka elishumi edlulileyo.
'Ukusebenza Nabantu Abanemali!'
Kumalungu ebhodi yamavolontiya e-Vermont Leads, ukufika ngesiquphe kwe-SEIU, enemali eninzi ngokwemigangatho yendawo, kubangela uvuyo oluthile. Omnye umntu omtsha owayesakuba nguMongameli we-AFL-CIO welizwe uJill Charbonneau, umsebenzi waseposini, obhale kwi-imeyile kubahlobo bakhe ukuba "akaqhelanga ukusebenza nabantu abanemali!"
Omnye umthandi we-Vermont Leads ngunjingalwazi we-anthropology weKholeji yaseMiddlebury uEllen Oxfeld, okhe wakhankasela ngaphambili phantsi kwebhena yeqela elincinane elaziwa ngokuba yiVermont for Single Payer. Inkxaso ye-SEIU “sisipho esivela ezulwini,” wandixelela. “Sifuna ukulwa nobuxoki, siqhubeke sisenza umrhumo omnye, kwaye silungelelanise iphakheji yenkxaso-mali” eza kwamkelwa ngabawi-mthetho kunyaka ozayo.
UDeb Richter, inkokeli yeeGqirha kwiNkqubo yeSizwe yezeMpilo (PNHP) eVermont, wanika izizathu ezifanayo zokujoyina iVermont Leads. “Sineminyaka emininzi yokusilwa ukugcina le nto isendleleni,” utshilo. “Ngoku siyakwazi ukuchitha imali eninzi kumaphulo entengiso nasekuthotyweni koncwadi. Endaweni yokusebenzisa amaqela asele ekho, yayisengqiqweni into yokuba eli libe liqumrhu elizimeleyo.”
Ngokubhekiselele kumthombo wakhe omtsha wenkxaso-mali, u-SEIU, u-Richter waqinisekisa ukuba "babesoloko bengabaxhasi abahlawulwayo omnye. Yiloo nto endiyixelelwayo."
Ukujonga Ihashe Lesipho Emlonyeni?
Abanye abakwizangqa zomhlawuli omnye bayazibuza ukuba ingaba eli hashe likhethekileyo linokuba lihashe leTrojan eliya kuthi buthathaka iinzame zeVermont zokwenza ukhathalelo lwempilo lube lilungelo lomntu.
Ukuvela kuka-SEIU ngequbuliso kurhulumente kukhathaza kakhulu kubahlobo bomanyano kunye namahlakani ezopolitiko eVWC, ngoku ephakathi kwiphulo layo lokunyusa ingxowa-mali ukuxhasa abasebenzi abakhutheleyo abasibhozo abalungelelanisa umsebenzi wamavolontiya amaninzi kurhulumente.
I-VWC ibhalisela abantu abaziwayo kuzwelonke kwingxelo yoluntu yenkxaso enesihloko esithi “I-Vermont ingaKhokela iNdlela.” Kwileta evulekileyo ecela abaxhasi abanjalo abali-1,000, iinkokeli zeVWC zixoxa ngelithi “asisokuze sikwazi ukodlula abantu abakhulu abafumana inzuzo yezempilo kunye namanye amaqela amakhulu emali 'kwimfazwe yomoya.' Kodwa singakwazi ukuzicwangcisa kakuhle emhlabeni!”
Ukunqongophala kwe-SEIU kwawo nawaphi na amalungu emhlabeni, kunye nendima yayo engabalulekanga kuzwelonke kuhlaziyo lokhathalelo lwempilo ukusuka kwiClinton ukuya kwixesha lika-Obama, kukhokelele amatsha ntliziyo athile ukuba abuze ukukhuthaza kwakhe ukuba abe ngutata omnye ohlawulayo, phantse ngobusuku.
Ingcaciso enye ibandakanya ukhuphiswano lwe-SEIU kunye ne-AFSCME ukumela abongi bobuqu eVermont. Akukho namnye umbutho onokufumana amalungu amatsha angama-5,000 kuloo msebenzi ngaphandle kwe-Shumlin kunye nendlu yowiso-mthetho evumileyo ukwenza iyunithi entsha yengxoxo yokhathalelo lwasekhaya, kunye nohlobo oluthile lokukhangela amakhadi okanye indlela yonyulo lokwamkelwa ngurhulumente.
Yaye ukuba uShumlin, okwangoku, kufuneka enze umrhumo omnye emva—phantsi koxinzelelo lweshishini—i-SEIU inokubonelela ngokulula ukhuselo lwezopolitiko kuye, abaphembeleli basekuhlaleni bayoyika. Kumbutho, i-quid pro quo iya kuba yirhuluneli ethanda i-SEIU ngaphezu kwe-AFSCME ukumela abasebenzi bokhathalelo lwasekhaya.
Ingxelo embi kwenye indawo
Kwenye indawo e-US nakwinqanaba lomdibaniso, i-SEIU isoloko ijongela phantsi iinzame zezinye iimanyano zabasebenzi kumthetho womhlawuli omnye (nangona amahlakani ayo ephumelele izigqibo ezininzi zomhlawuli-mali omnye kule minyaka idlulileyo).
ECalifornia, i-SEIU yala ukujoyina i-California Nurses Association (CNA) ekusebenzeleni umntu omnye ohlawulayo. Ngo-2007, uMongameli we-SEIU ngoko uAndy Stern endaweni yoko wapheka isicwangciso kunye neRhuluneli u-Arnold Schwarzenegger eyayiza kufuna ukuba bonke abantu baseCalifornia bathenge i-inshurensi yabucala kodwa ayizange ilawule iindleko zayo kwaye ingabikho imigangatho ephantsi yokuhlawula. Okuqukiweyo kumthetho oyilwayo yayiyingxowa-mali yeenzuzo zempilo zabasebenzi bokhathalelo lwasekhaya—iya kulawulwa yi-SEIU.
"I-SEIU idlale indima ephambili yenkxaso kwaye ekugqibeleni yaba nendima ekhokelayo yokulalanisa kulo mthetho uyilwayo," umsebenzi we-CNA uMichael Lighty uxelele Isizwe. "UStern uye emva komva we-California State Fed ukuqhawula isivumelwano. Kodwa ayizange iphumelele kwi-senate yelizwe. Iphulukene nenkxaso yabasebenzi. Ayikwazanga ukumelana nokuphononongwa."
EMassachusetts, amaqabane e-SEIU enze okuncinci okanye akukho nto yokwakha i-Mass-Care, umbutho ophambili wokuxhasa umhlawuli omnye. Endaweni yoko, imanyano yasebenza noTed Kennedy, owayeyiRhuluneli ngoko uMitt Romney, kunye nemanyano eyaziwa ngokuba yiHealth Care for All ukwenza inkqubo ye-inshurensi yabucala egunyazisiweyo eyaba ngumzekelo we-Obama's Affordable Care Act.
Kunjengokuba omnye umhlobo we-Mass-Care esitsho, “i-SEIU ibixakeke ngokupheleleyo yi-'Romneycare.' Kubo, imalunga nenkxaso-mali yesibhedlele, ayisoze itshintshe inkqubo ngokwayo. ”
Ngokufanayo, i-SEIU yanceda ukuqhuba ukuphazamiseka kulawulo luka-Obama xa yayisebenza ukugcina umhlawuli omnye-kwaye ekugqibeleni, nayiphi na inketho yoluntu-ngaphandle kwetafile ngo-2009-2010.
Ukusebenzisana neziseko ezikhululekileyo kunye namanye amaqela abasebenzi, i-SEIU yanceda ukunyusa i-$ 40 yezigidi kwiqela elibizwa ngokuba yi-Health Care for America Now. Njengoko uDavid Moberg evela Ngale maxesha yanikela ingxelo, inkcitho yeHCAN yagxuphuleka ngakumbi kunaleyo yamaqela ahlawula umntu omnye, ngoxa “ikhuthaza isicwangciso esisondele ngakumbi kwisindululo sika-Obama esasiya kuquka i-inshorensi yabucala ebonelelwa ngumqeshi okanye ethengwe ngumntu ngamnye.”
Ngo-2009, abasebenzi be-SEIU bade bangenelela kwiiforam zoluntu eNew Hampshire ezibanjelwe ukuxoxa ngoMthetho woNonophelo oZifikelelekayo: bazama ukuthintela abaxhasi be-PNHP bendawo ukuba basasaze iincwadana kumhlawuli omnye.
Indoda SEIU kunye neSicwangciso
Ukukrokreleka okungakumbi malunga neenjongo ze-SEIU eVermont yiminqwazi emininzi enxitywe ngumsebenzi wesizwe osandul' ukufika uMat McDonald. Izabelo zakhe ezidlulileyo ziquka ukuzama ukugcina abasebenzi besibhedlele saseKaiser Permanente abangama-45,000 ukuba babalekele i-SEIU eCalifornia baze bajoyine iManyano yeSizwe yaBasebenzi bezeMpilo. Ngo-2010, uMcDonald wayeyinxalenye yeqela loququzelelo lombutho kazwelonke eliye labandakanyeka ekuziphatheni okubi kakhulu eKaiser kangangokuba iBhodi yeSizwe yoBudlelwane bezaBasebenzi yayalela ukuba kuqhutywe kwakhona unyulo lokukhutshwa kweziqinisekiso, olwalahlekelwa yi-NUHW. (Ivoti yesibini inokubanjwa kamva kulo nyaka.)
UMcDonald waseka iVermont Leads ukusuka ekuqaleni, wazenza ilungu lebhodi, kwaye waqesha uSterling njengomlawuli wayo. Ngeli xesha, ukwangungqondongqondo kwiinzame ze-SEIU zokudala iyunithi entsha yeengxoxo zelizwe lonke ukulungiselela abo bakhathalela abantu, inzame ebandakanya ngobulumko i-SEIU yokuhenda abameli babantu abadala nabakhubazekileyo abafumana iinkonzo ezinjalo. Ngeenkcukacha malunga nomsebenzi wokhathalelo lwasekhaya we-AFSCME oququzelela eVermont, eyaqala ngaphambi kokuba i-SEIU ifike, bona http://www.afscme.org/
Ukuphendula i-imeyile efuna iinkcukacha malunga nezicwangciso zoququzelelo eziphumeleleyo ze-SEIU kunye neVermont Leads, uMcDonald wanikezela ukuthetha, kodwa ngaphandle kwerekhodi. Kumyalezo we-imeyile, wathi imibuzo ebuzwayo "ayifanelanga impendulo njengoko ndixhalabile. Ndicinga ukuba bade basongela iinjongo ezimbini zokudala inkqubo yokuhlawula enye apha eVt., kunye nomanyano ekugqibeleni amawaka abasebenzi.”
Ukungxamela amaLungu amatsha
I-slugfest phakathi kwe-SEIU kunye ne-AFSCME eVermont inokuba kukubuyisela umva kukhuphiswano lwabo lwenkcitho oluxakekileyo luka-2004-5 kwamanye amazwe aliqela, umzabalazo kulawulo lomsebenzi osekelwe ekhaya endiwuchaze kwincwadi yam ka-2011, Iimfazwe zamakhaya kwi-US Labor. Kwinkqubo yokufumana izivumelwano "zamalungelo" e-Illinois kubo bobabini ukhathalelo lwabantwana kunye nabasebenzi basekhaya-kwaye bephumelela kwi-AFSCME apho-i-SEIU yaba ngoyena mxhasi mkhulu wenkxaso-mali kaRod Blagojevich, irhuluneli enobuqhophololo yeDemokhrasi eyathi "intlawulo yokudlala" yamvalela entolongweni ngenxa yetyala lakhe. Iminyaka eyi-14.
Njengoko ukhathalelo lwasekhaya olufanayo okanye iiyunithi zokhathalelo lwabantwana zisenzeka kumazwe aliqela phantsi kweerhuluneli ze-GOP ezinobutshaba, i-SEIU ngoku ifuna amalungu amatsha. Imanyano eyayikhula nge-100,000 ngonyaka kwi-2006-2008 ibethe eludongeni, ngenxa yeentshaba zangaphandle kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwangaphakathi endikuchaze kuyo. Iimfazwe zamakhaya.
Ngo-2011, i-SEIU yabhalisa inzuzo eseleyo yamalungu angama-7,000 kuphela kunye nabahlawuli be-arhente, xa kuthelekiswa nama-59,000 kunyaka ophelileyo. Ke i-5,000 yabahlawuli bentlawulo abatsha eVermont baye baba libhaso elihendayo ngakumbi kunangaphambili, nokuba bafuna umlo obiza imali eninzi kunye nemanyano ye-AFL-CIO esele imele abanye abasebenzi bakarhulumente kurhulumente.
Ngenxa yezizathu zohlahlo lwabiwo-mali, indlu yowiso-mthetho elawulwa yiDemokhrasi yaseVermont iye yaphoxa ekudaleni iyunithi entsha yothethathethwano yelizwe lonke kubanikezeli bokhathalelo basemini abaxhaswa ngemali ngurhulumente. Le yayiyeyona nto iphambili, kodwa ngethemba ukuba yayingasokuze isigxina, isibetho sowiso-mthetho kwiVermont Federation of Teachers (AFT), eyona manyano inkulu yaseVermont ye-AFL-CIO.
Kodwa indima kaShumlin yokungazithembi kunye nenkcaso yabawisi-mthetho abaphambili beDemokhrasi ayihambi kakuhle kwi-AFSCME okanye i-SEIU yenza ngcono kakhulu kukhathalelo lwasekhaya, ukuba nje ezi manyano zimbini zihlala zahlukene.
Ixabiso loBudlelwane
Ithemba lemfazwe yombutho wokhathalelo lwasekhaya ngokuqinisekileyo alibangeli mdla kwabanye abasebenzi baseVermont, ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi.
"Ngokombono wam, i-SEIU ibonakala ihlakulela ubudlelwane obuthe ngqo kunye nerhuluneli yethu ngokuxhasa ngokunyanisekileyo isicwangciso sakhe sokhathalelo lwempilo-kuquka konke ukulungelelaniswa okulindelweyo kunye nokuhlehla okunokuthi kuhlale ngaphambili," kusho uTraven Leyshon, unobhala-nondyebo we-Vermont AFL-CIO. . "Oku kuya kudala iingxaki zokwenyani kuye nabani na kuthi ofuna inkqubo yokuhlawula umntu omnye eyomeleleyo, eqhubelekayo ngakumbi kunenkxaso kaShumlin."
U-Ellen David Friedman, umseki we-Vermont Progressive Party kunye nomququzeleli odlulileyo we-National Education Association kurhulumente, uyavuma. “I-SEIU yenza izibalo zexesha elifutshane kakhulu nezinethuba,” utshilo uDavid Friedman. “Baza kunceda uShumlin ukuba aphinde onyulwe ukuze afumane umthetho ogunyazisa umanyano lokhathalelo lwasekhaya. Uqikelelo lwam lwelokuba isikhundla sakhe kumhlawuli omnye eneneni asinamsebenzi kangako kubo, kuba abakaze bayilwele naphi na enye indawo.”
USenator weSizwe u-Anthony Pollina, inkokeli yeQela eliQhubelayo, unexhala lokuba uhlobo olungalunganga lomntu omnye ohlawulayo "imfazwe yomoya," exhaswa ngemali kwaye iqondiswe ngaphandle kwelizwe, "inokukhuthaza amaqela aphiko lasekunene ukuba angene achithe imali eninzi."
NgokukaPollina, "izinto zinokunyukela ekubeni liphulo leendaba elishiya abemi besecaleni, kanye njengamaphulo adlulileyo ovavanyo lomntu omnye elalahlekayo eOregon okanye eCalifornia." NjengeZiko laBasebenzi, ukholelwa kwelokuba “abalweli belizwe abanenkqubela banokuthi ‘bakhuphe inkcaso’ phantsi kwenkcaso kodwa uhlaselo lwe-SEIU lusenokuphela luwusingela phantsi lo msebenzi mhle.”
U-Richter kunye no-Oxfeld bobabini bagxininisa ukuba abanakuze bakuvumele oku kwenzeke ngelixa bekhonza njengamalungu ebhodi ye-Vermont Leads. “IVermont yindawo encinci,” utshilo uRichter. "Ukuba kubonakala ngathi i-SEIU izama ukusityhalela kwelinye icala, ayizukuba nemikhosi yasemhlabeni ukuyisusa." Ngokutsho kuka-Oxfeld, “ukuba bazama ngokwenene ukundiphazamisa, andiboni mntu ohamba naye.”
Imbali yokhathalelo lwempilo iyaphinda?
Kwiminyaka emithathu eyadlulayo, uMike Lighty ovela kwi-CNA waxela kwangaphambili ukuba ukudalwa kwesicwangciso semodeli exhaswa ngemali nguwonke-wonke, ebonelela ngokugubungela umhlaba wonke kulo naliphi na ilizwe laseMelika, "kuya kusisondeza kwisisombululo somhlawuli omnye" kunokhetho lukawonke-wonke olufunwa ngabasebenzi UMthetho woNonophelo ofikelelekayo de uMongameli u-Obama wawuxhoma.
Kodwa uLighty ulumkise ngelithi, “ukuba uphumelele icebo elingenamanzi nelibi, ulichithe ixesha lezopolitiko. Uza kuphembelela ukugxeka kwaye ungabathembi abantu abaninzi esele benayo kwinto enokwenziwa eWashington. ”
Abahlaziyi bezempilo eVermont banenkxalabo yokuba i-SEIU ekugqibeleni iya kudlala indima efanayo ekuhlaleni njengoko yenzayo kuzwelonke kwi-2009-2010. Ukuba oko kukhokelela kwelinye ithuba elichithiweyo lezopolitiko-ngeli xesha lishiya iVermonters igxeka kwaye ingathembi malunga nento enokwenziwa eMontpelier-iziphumo ziya kuvakala kuwo onke amanye amazwe apho abaqhubela phambili basenethemba lokuphucula kwi-ACA.
USteve Early yintatheli yezabasebenzi kunye negqwetha elaqala ukubhala ngezopolitiko zaseVermont xa wayengumfundi weKholeji yaseMiddlebury ngo-1968. Uchithe amashumi amathathu eminyaka njengommeli waseNew England waBasebenzi bezoNxibelelwano, encedisa amalungu eVermont nakwamanye amazwe ngogwayimbo, uthethathethwano lwezivumelwano. , ukulungelelanisa, kunye nomsebenzi wohlengahlengiso lwezempilo. Ungumbhali, kutshanje, we Iimfazwe zamakhaya kwi-US Labor [2], evela kwiincwadi zeHaymarket, kunye nomxhasi wexesha elide weZiko labaSebenzi baseVermont. Uguqulelo lweli nqaku ekuqaleni luvele kwiNqaku labaSebenzi.
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