Imfazwe isemthethweni, kodwa ukubonisa ukungabi namthetho kwayo akuphosaki; ayinamsebenzi kwaye ayinabuchule. Leyo yingxabano endiyivayo kumacala amaninzi.
UChase Madar unencwadi entsha eyoyikisayo ngoBradley Manning apho exoxa ukuba uninzi lweziphoso uBradley Manning ekutyholwa ukuba atyhilwe ngeWikileaks (ukubulala kwividiyo yesibambiso sokubulala, ukuguqulwa kwamabanjwa ukuba athuthunjiswe yi-Iraq, njl. njl.) kodwa ngokusemthethweni. Xa ndabonisa iMadar ukuba i-Kellogg Briand Pact ivalwe yonke imfazwe, ukuba i-Charter ye-UN isemthethweni kuphela iindidi ezimbini zemfazwe urhulumente wethu angadibananga nazo (iimfazwe ezikhuselayo kunye neemfazwe ezigunyaziswe yi-UN), kunye nokuba uMgaqo-siseko we-United States Amazwe avala iimfazwe ezingachazwanga yiCongress, uMadar akazange azame ukuxoxa ukuba ndiphazamile. Endaweni yoko wathi kwakungabalulekanga ukuba alathe ukungabikho semthethweni kwemfazwe, kuba abantu baseMelika abakhathali; endaweni yoko kufuneka sibonise ukuziphatha okubi kwayo. Kodwa ukuba ukungabikho semthethweni kwemfazwe akubalulekanga, kutheni le nto ibifanele ukuba isemthethweni ngokwaneleyo ukuba iphuhlise njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yencwadi? Kutheni le nto ukungabikho mthethweni kwemfazwe kungenakuba luncedo kumbutho wokuchasa ngokuyintloko ngezizathu zokuziphatha?
Ndizimase umsitho omangalisayo ngoMgqibelo eWashington, D.C., "iNgqungquthela yeDrone" eququzelelwe yiCode Pink, iZiko lamaLungelo oMgaqo-siseko, kunye nokuBuyisa - imibutho eyoyikisayo yonke, eminye yeyona nto ibalaseleyo. Kuqukwe kwingqungquthela kwakukho izithethi ezivela kwimibutho enenkxalabo malunga ne-drones kodwa ayichasi imfazwe. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisana nemibutho nabantu abavumelanayo ngalo mbandela, kwanokuba iimbono zehlabathi ziyasahlukanisa. Ndinika ikhredithi enkulu kuyo yonke i-ban-the-drones okanye i-reform-the-drones umbutho oxhasa imfazwe okanye unqanda isihloko semfazwe, ukanti usebenza ngokubambisana namaqela alwa nemfazwe. Ityala elingakumbi kunye nombulelo kubo.
Kodwa abantu abaninzi ngaphezu kokuzimasa umnyhadala omnye kwisixeko esinye banale mibuzo ibalekayo ezingqondweni zabo, kwaye umahluko kwimbono phakathi kwentshukumo echasene nedrone inokuba luncedo ekwenzeni owakho umbono.
Omnye umbuzo ondikhathazayo ngowokuba siyakuze siphelise njani ulwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe kunye nezenzo zemfazwe kunye nokuxhatshazwa okuqhutywa yimfazwe kwenkululeko yoluntu kunye namalungelo oluntu ngelixa siqhubeka nokulahla i-1 yezigidigidi zeedola emfazweni kunye nokulungiselela imfazwe minyaka yonke. Kunzima ukubeka amanani kwezi zinto, kodwa ukuba ucwangcisa ukunyuka kwenkcitho yasemkhosini e-United States kwiminyaka yakutshanje, unokutshatha ukwehla kwamalungelo oluntu kunye nayo. Ndabuza u-Hina Shamsi we-ACLU, ohlala esenza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu ekuchaseni iimpawu zenkcitho yempi ukuba i-ACLU iya kuze ichase inkcitho yempi. Uphendule wathi ayizukuba njalo, kuba lowo "ngumbuzo wezopolitiko," ngokumangalisayo impendulo efanayo iinkundla ziyinika i-ACLU xa izama ukufunda ulwazi malunga neenkqubo zemfazwe zase-US. Inqaku lam yayingekuko ukuba inkcitho yasemkhosini yayiluhlobo olufanayo lombuzo njengokuvalelwa entolongweni okungenasiseko okanye ukuthuthunjiswa okanye ukubulala, kodwa okoko nje inkcitho enkulu yasemkhosini iqhubeka siya kuba nexesha elinzima kakhulu lokulahla ezo ezinye izinto.
UDavid Glazier weLoyola Law School wathetha ngokuqaqambileyo ngesihloko sendlela isizwe sethu okanye amazwe angaphandle angatshutshisa ngayo amagosa ase-US ngenxa yolwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe. Kodwa wayibamba ingqalelo yam ngokuthi imfazwe ngokwayo asilotyala. Ungquzulwano ngezixhobo lusemthethweni, utshilo. Ndabuza ukuba le nto iphindwe njani kunye ne-Kellogg Briand Pact okanye i-U.N. Charter, kwaye wathi "uluntu lwezomthetho lwamazwe ngamazwe" lukhethe ukwenza ulwaphulo-mthetho kuphela "imfazwe enobudlova," ukuba i-9-11 yayiluhlaselo, kunye nokuba uGunyaziso lokuSebenzisa uMkhosi. Ukunyanzeliswa yimpendulo esemthethweni kolo hlaselo. Ngaba ukubulawa kwabantu ngeedrone kusemthethweni? Ngokutsho kweGlazier kufuneka sihlolisise ngamnye ukuze sibone ukuba sinomlinganiselo, sinenzuzo yomkhosi, njl. (Kwaye emva koko, yintoni? Yakha intshukumo yamagqwetha ukuchasa uqhankqalazo oluthile esiluchasayo?) Oku kwakungekho ncam ingxabano kaMadar. UGlazier wayesenza ityala elingaphezulu okanye elingaphantsi. Kodwa, ewe, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukungayihoyi i-Kellogg Briand Pact - eyavala yonke imfazwe, hayi imfazwe enobundlobongela - kunye nokwenza ngathi iimfazwe zase-US zihambelana ne-UN Charter. Kodwa imithetho ibhalwe phantsi ukuze ingabi nakutshintshwa ngokungenasizathu okanye icinywe lulo naluphi na "uluntu," kwaye imbono yokuba ukubetha kwe-drone yase-US kuyahambelana ne-UN Charter ayinangqondo. Kutheni kuvumelekile ukuhleka ngokusemthethweni kukaJohn Yoo ukuthuthunjiswa kodwa hayi ngokusemthethweni kwakhe iimfazwe, iimfazwe ezingakhuseliyo kwaye ezingagunyaziswanga yi-UN?
Kwaye xa sele usemthethweni imfazwe engqondweni yakho, uyeka njani ukuba ungayivuma?
Oku kunokwenziwa, kunjalo. Mininzi imithetho engalunganga esiyichasayo, sisebenzela ukuyitshintsha, kodwa sivume ubukho bayo. Ndikwi-probation ngokuthetha kwi-Senate hearing. Ndicinga ukuba akukho sikweni kodwa ndiyavuma ukuba ikho.
Nangona kunjalo, rhoqo sibona abantu begxininisa ngokusondeleyo kumthetho wamaqhinga athile emfazwe kangangokuba bayawavuma loo maqhinga ngokuziphatha. USarah Holewinski wePhulo lamaxhoba angenatyala kwiNgxwabangxwaba wathi kwiNgqungquthela yeDrone ukuba ukubetha kwe-drone yase-US kufuneka kwenziwe "ngokusemthethweni," "ngokuxanduva," kwaye "ngokufanelekileyo." Iidrone zingcono kunezinye izixhobo, utshilo, ngokungathi asinakukhetha ngaphandle kokusebenzisa isixhobo okanye esinye. Ndamcela ukuba andicacisele, yaye wathi wayethetha ukuba sifanele sisebenze ngokomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. Uye wayincoma inkqubo yedrone e-Afghanistan, kwaye wayigxeka loo nto ePakistan. Xa umntu echasa ukubulawa kwe-drone e-Afghanistan, wathi "Andizange ndenze umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe." Kodwa yena kunye nabanye abantu abaninzi bamkela ukutolikwa kwemfazwe koko kuthethwa ngumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. Kwaye ke bayayamkela into yokuba ilungile kwaye ilungile.
Kwakhona kwiNgqungquthela yeDrone saboniswa (ngokukodwa ePakistan, kodwa ii-akhawunti ezifanayo ziye zaphuma e-Afghanistan): iingxelo, iifoto, amabali kunye namakhulu amagama abantwana abamsulwa abajoliswe kwaye babulawa yi-drones yase-US, amadoda amsulwa, abafazi kunye nabantwana babulawa. , abahlanguli kunye nabahambeli bomngcwabo ekujoliswe kuyo kwaye babulawa, abantu abajoliswe kuyo kwaye babulawa ngaphandle kokuzama ukubachonga kuqala, kunye nokutyhilwa kwamabango obuxoki enziwe ukuba abulale umlweli ofanayo ekucingelwa ukuba ubalulekile kuqhankqalazo oluninzi, kunye nobungqina bokuba abaninzi abantu abaninzi baye babulawa kunokuba bacinge ukuba bangabalwi. (leyo ngabantu ekutyholwa ukuba bayasilwela ukukhusela ilizwe labo, kanye le nto i-United States izenza ngathi iyayenza xa ibulala ngeedrones e-Afghanistan, ePakistan, Yemen, okanye eSomalia).
Andiqondi ukuba singenza ngaphandle kwemizamo yokufaka uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yolawulo olugwenxa apha eWashington, D.C. Kufuneka sibe nezicelo zeFOIA. Kufuneka sibe nebango lokuba kuqulunqwe izizathu ezisemthethweni kwityala elitsha ngalinye. Ukunyanzela uHarold Koh ukuba enze ngathi ukuqhushumba kwebhombu eLibya akubangeli imfazwe okanye ubutshaba bekungeyonto. Kodwa yayingaxabisekanga njengoko yayiya kuba ngumbutho omkhulu, oxhaswa ngemali kakuhle, olungelelanisiweyo ngokuchasene nokuqhushumba kweLibya. Ukucinezela u-Obama ukuba atsho ukuba unyana ka-Awlaki oneminyaka eli-16 ubudala ebejongiwe okanye ubengowona monakalo ulungile. Kodwa ayilunganga njengokumangalela kunye nokutshutshisa u-Obama ngokubulala abantu. Kwaye ayilunganga njengephulo lemfundo nelombutho elibona isenzo esinjalo njengokuziphatha kanye nokuba asinakufumaneka ngokukhawuleza. Sifuna umdlalo wangaphakathi, kanye njengokuba sifuna abahlalutyi ukuba kukho imiphefumlo ekhaliphileyo eseleyo kwaye iyakwazi ukwenza ukuba iviwe.
Kodwa, injongo yethu, umbono wethu, usindiso lwethu alunakuba kwaye aluyi kubambelela ekuhleni โkwimithetho yemfazwe,โ njengokuba ukucela abadlwenguli ukuba banxibe iikhondom kuya kuyicombulula ingxaki yodlwengulo-ulwaphulo-mthetho okanye inkohlakalo yodlwengulo. Iingxaki esijongene nazo zezi: inkxaso-mali yomkhosi; ulawulo lwasemkhosini (uGareth Porter unike ingxelo malunga neCIA yenkuthazo ye-bureaucratic yeemfazwe ezandisiweyo zedrone); ukuthanda iteknoloji ngenxa yayo; ubuhlanga; ukungazi; imfihlo intsilelo yedemokhrasi; kunye nokwamkelwa kwemfazwe njengesixhobo esisemthethweni, esinengqiqo nesifanelekileyo somgaqo-nkqubo wesizwe.
Masingazilawuli iirobhothi ezibhabhayo ezibulalayo. Masidale ihlabathi elihamba ngaphandle kwabo.
-
Iincwadi zikaDavid Swanson ziquka "Imfazwe Lixoki. " Ubhala iiblogi http://davidswanson.org kwaye http://warisacrime.org kwaye isebenzela umbutho wamatshantliziyo we-intanethi http://rootsaction.org. Uyabamba Intetho yeRadio yeSizwe
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela