Uphando olukhulu olwenziwa yi-International Labor Organization lufumanise ukuba abantu abazizigidi ezili-12.3 baphila kwimeko โyobukhoboka bale mihlaโ ehlabathini lonke, kuwo onke amazwekazi nakuwo onke amazwe. Abathathu kwabane abasebenzi ngenkani abadla ngokukhotyokiswa zii-arhente zabucala, nge-11% benyanzelwa ukuba babe ngoonongogo okanye olunye uhlobo lokwabelana ngesondo kunye nama-64% besebenza njengabasebenzi ababotshelelweyo kumacandelo emveli oqoqosho, kuqukwa necandelo lezoshishino nezolimo. Amashumi amabini eepesenti amatyala afundwe kuviwo abandakanya ukuxhatshazwa ngokuthe ngqo ngurhulumente okanye umkhosi, kubandakanywa nokusebenza ngenkani entolongweni. Ubukhoboka lishishini elinengeniso kakhulu, livelisa i-31.6 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi kwingeniso minyaka le, xa ithelekiswa neGross Domestic Product yase-El Salvador kunye ne-13,000 yeedola ngonyaka ngamnye ngomsebenzi onyanzelwayo.
Umahluko phakathi kobukhoboka bemveli kunye nobukhoboka bomvuzo ubonakala unzima ukuwuchaza. I-ILO ibuchaza ngokusemthethweni ubukhoboka โnjengawo wonke umsebenzi okanye inkonzo efunwa kuye nawuphi na umntu phantsi kwesisongelo saso nasiphi na isohlwayo naleyo loo mntu ukhankanyiweyo engakhange azinikele ngenxa yayo.โ Ngokwale ngcaciso, umsebenzi wokubila ufanele ufanelekele ukuba luhlobo oluthile lwesohlwayo. yobukhoboka, njengoko ibandakanya ukutsalwa kwabasebenzi phantsi kwesoyikiso sesohlwayo, indlala; ekungekho mntu uyinyamezelayo ngokuthanda kwakhe. Kubonakala kucacile ukuba umntu osebenzela i-Wal-Mart kwi-sweatshop yaseTshayina eyenza phakathi kwe-13 kunye ne-23 yeesenti ngeyure kwaye unyanzelekile ukuba asebenze i-60 kwiiyure ze-70 ngeveki okanye agxothwe kwaye abhekane nendlala kufuneka ahlelwe njengekhoboka; nangona kunjalo, i-ILO ayithathi i-sweatshop labor ibe luhlobo lobukhoboka, ngezizathu ezinobungozi zokuba umsebenzi onyanzeliswayo uquka ukunyanzeliswa kuphela 'kukunyhashwa kwamalungelo oluntu kunye nokunciphisa inkululeko yabantu,' ukuphulwa okubonakalayo akwenzeki ' iimeko zemfuno yezoqoqosho esulungekileyo' enokunyanzela umntu ukuba asebenze kwi-sweatshop.
Nokuba ukuxhaphazwa okuthe ngqo kongxowankulu kuyahlangabezana nenkcazo yobukhoboka, nangona kunjalo, ingxelo yeILO ibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba umsebenzi onyanzelwayo ukho ngokuyintloko ngenxa yeemeko ezinyanzeliswa yinkqubo yokudityaniswa kongxowankulu behlabathi. Ingxelo icacisa ukuba 'amaxhoba amaninzi angena kwiimeko zokusebenza ngokunyanzelwa ngokuthanda kwawo,' ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo evuma kwiimeko ezimanyumnyezi ngenxa yokuphelelwa lithemba kwalo naluphi na uhlobo lwengeniso, engenakwenziwa kwamanye amacandelo ezoqoqosho ngenxa yokuqhwalela kwawo nawaphi na amalinge. kuphuhliso loqoqosho kumazwe ehlabathi lesithathu ngamaqumrhu ezizwe ngezizwe kunye namaziko abo emali. Ngenxa yokuba izixhobo zentlalontle ziye zachithwa njengento efunekayo kwimali-mboleko yezoqoqosho kwiBhanki yehlabathi, ngokomzekelo, abantu abahlwempuzekileyo abanakukhetha ngaphandle kokungena kwiimeko zokunyanzeliswa kwabasebenzi ukuze bahlawulele iimfuno zobomi ezifana nokhathalelo lwempilo kunye nemfundo okanye ukufumana ukutya.
Imigaqo-nkqubo ye-neoliberal evumela amaqumrhu ehlabathi lokuqala ukuba akhukulise uqoqosho lwehlabathi lesithathu ngeemveliso ezingabizi mali, ezibonelelwa ngenkxaso-mali ezifana nokutya okukhupha abavelisi balapha kwimveliso sesinye isizathu sentlupheko engathethekiyo kwihlabathi lesithathu. Ngenxa 'yogqatso lokuya ezantsi' oluziswe yinguqu kwineoliberalism kuqoqosho lwehlabathi evumela iinkampani ukuba zihambe ngaphandle komgudu ukusuka kwelinye ilizwe ukuya kwelinye zikhangela imivuzo ephantsi nephantsi, kunyanzelwa amazwe ehlabathi lesithathu ukuba aphakamise imithetho enika naluphi na ukhuseleko umsebenzi okanye imekobume ngelizama ukuhenda abaqeshi, kumazwe amaninzi imivuzo ayifikeleli kumlinganiselo wokuziphilisa womqeshwa.
Obu buhlwempu buqatha bukwakhokelela abazali abangamahlwempu abangakwaziyo ukondla abantwana babo ukuze babathengisele kwiinkosi ezityebileyo babanyanzele ukuba basebenze njengezicaka yaye ngokufuthi babaxhaphaza ngokwesini. Ukuthengiswa kwabantwana kuxhaphake kakhulu eHaiti, apho abantwana abangama-200,000 XNUMX basebenza njengee-restavecs, okanye abasebenzi basekhaya. Ubuhlwempu budla ngokuba bukhulu nangakumbi kumazwe anjengeHaiti athe, ukongeza ekuphangweni ngamaqumrhu, nawo atshatyalaliswa yimisebenzi yomkhosi waseMelika.
Iimfazwe zangaphakathi nazo zonakalisa intshabalalo, kwaye zininzi iimeko zabantu ababa ngamajoni kwiimfazwe ezinje ukuze bafumane imali yokuziphilisa ababengenakuyifumana ngenye indlela, ngakumbi kumazwe aseAfrika anjengeDemocratic Republic of Congo, iUganda, iLiberia, iSierra Leone, IGuinea kunye ne-Ivory Coast, kwaye kamva bafumanisa ukuba abakwazi ukushiya umkhosi ngenxa yokoyika impindezelo. Olu ngquzulwano lwangaphakathi lwakhokelela kumjikelo ombi apho amawakawaka abafana anyanzelwa ukuba abe ngamajoni ngenxa yobuhlwempu. La majoni aqhubela phambili imfazwe, ethi itshabalalise ngakumbi uluntu kwaye yandisa ubuhlwempu.
Nakwiimeko eziya zisanda ukunqaba apho abasebenzi abanyanzeliswayo banyanzelwa ukuba bangene kwizikhundla zabo kungekuko ngenxa yemfuneko yezoqoqosho kodwa ngokwesithethe sentlalontle, umanyano lwamazwe ngamazwe longxowankulu lunoxanduva lokuqhubeka luqhubeka. Obu bukhoboka budla ngokuvunyelwa ukuba bubekho ngenxa yemithetho eyekelelayo yezabasebenzi emiselwayo ngenxa yemfuneko yokukhuphisana โkugqatso oluse ezantsiโ oluthintela oorhulumente ekuthabatheni amanyathelo okuphelisa ubukhoboka.
Kucacile ukuba umzabalazo ochasene nongxowankulu behlabathi jikelele kunye nomzabalazo wokuphelisa ubukhoboka yinto enye. Ukuze kuliwe nobukhoboka, imithetho eyomeleleyo yokukhusela abasebenzi ifanele iphunyezwe ngoorhulumente belizwe, amaziko emali ezizwe ngezizwe namaziko ozakuzo ezizwe ngezizwe. Logama nje kukho ubuhlwempu obugqithiseleyo ehlabathini yaye lo gama ubukhapitali buqhubeka bubukhuthaza, kuya kubakho abantu abafanele baphile nenyaniso elusizi yobukhoboka.
Ukufumana okungakumbi ngobukhoboka bale mihla, ndwendwela http://www.ilo.org/ kwaye http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/world/slavery/default.stm
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