Zingaphi izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe ekufuneka inkokeli yasentshona yenze ngaphambi kokuba ithathwe persona non grata ngamajelo eendaba ahlangeneyo kunye nokusekwa? Kubonakala ukuba akukho mda, ukuba siza kugweba ngokusabela okukhoyo ekubuyeleni kukaTony Blair kwinqanaba lezopolitiko.
NgoJulayi 11, kwaba njalo umemezele ukuba uBlair uza kuba 'negalelo ngeengcamango namava' kuphononongo lomgaqo-nkqubo wenkokeli yezaBasebenzi u-Ed Miliband. Uza kubonelela ngeengcebiso ngendlela 'enokwandisa' ngayo ilifa lezoqoqosho nezemidlalo kwii-Olimpiki zaseLondon zowama-2012.
I-Guardian ichaze isibhengezo ngobulali 'njengentshukumo ephikisanayo'; alikho elizweni ngokubanzi, litshilo iphepha, kodwa 'mhlawumbi ngakumbi ngaphakathi kweqela labasebenzi'. Isihloko esinye se-Guardian sabhengeza 'Ukubuya kokumkani'.
'Iphiko lasekhohlo' uJohn Harris wenza into yakhe kwi-Guardian ukugudisa indlela kaBlair:
'Uneminyaka engama-59 kuphela, umfanekiso wobomi obungaguqukiyo kwaye unomdla "wokwenza umahluko". Ngaba indawo yesine kwiNombolo ye-10 nokuba kumakhadi? Asifanele sikuthintele oko.'
UHarris wachaza 'ukuba kuzo zonke iimpazamo zakhe, izigqitho kunye nezigwebo eziphosakeleyo, kusekho into emangalisayo malunga neetalente zakhe.'
Xa uBlair wabonakala kwisidlo sangokuhlwa sokunyusa imali kwi-Arsenal ye-Emirates, uHarris waphawula ukuba:
'Wamkelwa sisihlwele esisinyanzelo sabaqhankqalazi, esanomsindo ngendima yakhe kwimfazwe yase-Iraq.'
Nantso into enomdla malunga nabaqhankqalazi boxolo; Ngokungapheliyo 'umsindo' malunga nelizwe litsalwa kwimfazwe engekho mthethweni ekhokelele ekufeni kwabantu abamalunga nesigidi esinye, yadala izigidi ezine zababaleki e-Iraq, yatshabalalisa izakhiwo zase-Iraq, yavelisa intlupheko engathethekiyo kwaye yatshisa imali eninzi kawonke-wonke ngamaxesha 'wobunzima. '. Mhlawumbi thina ma-Brits kufuneka sibonise nje lo mlomo uqinileyo ongasentla kwaye siqhubele phambili. Ngokuqinisekileyo yiloo nto uRichard Beeston, umhleli wangaphandle weThe Times, wacebisa ngo-2009:
'Konke oku kwenzeka kwiminyaka emithandathu eyadlulayo. Dlula kuyo.' ('Imfazwe ayihambanga kakuhle. Hayi ukwakhiwa. Yeka ukucinga malunga nokuba semthethweni kokuhlasela kwe-Iraq. Iphulo ngokwalo yayiyeyona ntlekele yokwenyani', The Times, February 26, 2009.)
Umhleli weXesha lamva nje ukwamkele ukubuya kukaBlair:
'Abasebenzi bayadibana, bezoba kweyona talente yabo ifumanekayo kwaye baqala ukwenza ukuzimisela kwakhona. (Umhleli, 'Unyaka kwezopolitiko', iThe Times, Julayi 14, 2012)
Ukuza kwesibini kukaBlair kwaphehlelelwa ngu incoko yobuhlobo kumboniso weBBC uAndrew Marr. UMarr, ewe, waziwa kakhulu njengomntu opheleleyo umhlalutyi wezopolitiko ongakhethi cala kunye a 'unomdla kunye nowaziyo [sic] udliwano-ndlebe' (ukucaphula intambo evela kumzi wozakuzo wase-US eLondon ukuya kuHillary Clinton).
Uhlaselo lwePR lwaqhubeka xa iLondon's Evening Standard yapapasha i udliwanondlebe kunye nowayesakuba PM ngosuku 'wayelundwendwele' iphepha. Ngaba angathanda ukuba yinkulumbuso kwakhona ngenye imini? 'Ngokuqinisekileyo', waphendula. Ixesha lezeMali elixhasayo udliwanondlebe kunye nomhleli uLionel Barber wabhengeza:
'Iminyaka emihlanu emva kokushiya igunya, uTony Blair ufuna ukubuyela. Uyilungele indima enkulu entsha. Kodwa yintoni kanye kanye emqhubayo? Ngaba unokuleyisela ihlabathi ukuba liphulaphule?'
'Abahlobo' kunye 'nabalingane' abangachazwanga bacatshulwe, ngokungathandabuzekiyo bedlulisela umyalezo owamkelwe nguBlair:
'Abahlobo bakhe bathi ulangazelela ukudlala indima enkulu, hayi kuba enawo nawaphi na amabhongo okubawela isikhundla esiphezulu kodwa kuba efuna ukuba yinxalenye yengxabano. “Ungathanda ngokwenene ukuba sisazulu sengqalelo kwakhona,” utsho njalo omnye ugxa wakhe kangangexesha elide.'
UMlondolozi Uhleli yenza kancinci ukunceda:
'ubonakala ethobile umnwe ukusukela kwincwadi yakhe ['Uhambo', eyapapashwa ngo-2011]; mhlawumbi ufunde nentlonipho encinane kumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe.' ('Akunakwenzeka? UTony Blair we-PM kwakhona.')
Iphepha laqhubeka:
'Ngaphandle koko, eli asiloxesha lokuzikhathaza ngeenkcukacha zomgaqo-nkqubo – kukho ishowbiz ekufuneka iqwalaselwe. Ngowama-2007 uJohn Major wafanisa indlela yokuvalelisa ixesha elide kukaMnu Blair noNellie Melba; Ukubuya kwakhona kufuneka kubonise ukuba ufana noSinatra no-Elvis. Kukho indlalifa enye kuphela kaTony Blair, kwaye nguTony Blair II.'
Ngaba i-mineard yobuntatheli obukhululekile baseBritane inokwenza umnxeba wokuhlela ukuba abuye uBlair? Akufunekanga ibe yinto emangalisayo. Khumbula ukuba nasemva kwexesha ulwaphulo-mthetho oluphezulu lwezizwe ngezizwe yokuhlasela Irakh, uMlondolozi nangoku ebizwa ukuba abafundi bayo bonyule kwakhona uBlair kunyulo jikelele luka-2005.
Isikrelemnqa seMfazwe esizijongela phantsi
Kwinyanga ephelileyo, uMgcini khuthazwa iidayari zika-Alastair Campbell, uBlair's warmonger-in-chief, kunye nesicatshulwa esinye esibalisa intlanganiso kunye 'nabaseSweden abadumileyo', uSven Göran Eriksson kunye no-Ulrika Jonsson, kunye nenye echaza ukuthanda kwe-PM yangaphambili kwioli yeoli. Kwashiyeka kuJohn Pilger ukuba yenza ingongoma ukuba kwiidayari:
'UCampbell uzama ukutshiza igazi lase-Iraqi kwidemon uMurdoch. Kukho intabalala yokuwamanzisa onke.'
U-Andrew Brown weThe Guardian, umhleli wecandelo 'leNkolelo' leMagqabaza iSimahla, ukhutshelwe ngaphandle kwegazi ukuya. ukutshela abafundi ukuba kwingxoxo-mpikiswano yakutshanje noRowan Williams, uBhishophu Omkhulu waseCanterbury, uBlair 'wayehlekisa, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ezijongela phantsi'. UBrown wenze umzekelo woburharha obuthobekileyo bukaBlair:
'Ndakhe ndabhala incwadana malunga nokuba kutheni isenzo samalungelo oluntu eBritane sinokuba ngumbono ombi kakhulu - emva koko, njengenkulumbuso, ndawazisa.'
Mhlawumbi kuluncedo ukukhunjuzwa ukuba nabaphuli-mthetho basemfazweni 'banokuhlekisa' kwaye 'bazijongele phantsi'.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, umbhali wemihlathi oZimeleyo uMatthew Norman wayenza yacaca eyakhe uyamdelela uBlair:
Yibize ngokuba sisigwebo esigwenxa seqhinga, ulingo olubi lweNeocon, ulwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe okanye nantoni na, iqondwa kakuhle kula magama afana nomntwana: Umnumzana Blair wenze into embi kakhulu, eneziphumo ezibi kakhulu kubantu baseIraq, imikhosi yabulala yaza yangxwelerha ekutshutshiseni ubudenge bakhe, nabo bafayo baza benzakaliswa apha kwiziqhushumbisi zokuziphindezela ngoJulayi 2005, ngentsasa elandela iOlympiad yama-30 ngolu hlobo yanikezelwa kwisixeko saseLondon.'
Waqhubeka wathi:
'UTony Blair akangomprofeti ongahlonelwayo kodwa ngumfundisi kwilizwe lakhe. Ungumrhanelwa ngenxa yokuba wangenelelana kwisenzo sobungendawo obuninzi, yaye amakhulu angenakubalwa amawaka afa yaye izigidi ezingakumbi zabandezeleka ngokumasikizi ngenxa yoko.'
UNorman waphawula ngokufanelekileyo ukuba uBlair 'uxhobile nge-cabal of loyalist ultras kwi-press.' Oku, kunye nokukhuselwa kwakhe liqumrhu elixhasa ubukhulu becala, kuthetha ukuba 'mhlawumbi akukho mandla emhlabeni anokungena kwiqokobhe lakhe letitanium.'
Kodwa eyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo 'yeqokobhe le-titanium' elikhusela uBlair kukuba iintatheli 'eziqhelekileyo' ziyala ekuchazeni izenzo zowayesakuba yi-PM kunye nabo babesebenzisana naye njengolwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe. U-Matthew Norman ngokwakhe waphoxa xa wayebhala ngokuphelelwa ngumva:
'Yibize ngokuba sisigwebo esigwenxa esikhohlakeleyo, ulingo olubi lweNeocon, ubugebenga bemfazwe okanye nantoni na.'
Ngokuphathelele 'icabal of loyalist ultras kushicilelo', uNorman akazange anike magama. Kodwa baquka abahleli abaphezulu kwiphephandaba likaNorman, i-Independent; singasathethi ke omnye wabalingane bakhe kwi-Independent ngeCawa, i-hagiographer kaBlair UJohn Rentoul. Kanye njengokuba uMateyu Norman engayi kuwela ngaphaya komgca esantini, ngokunjalo noSimon Jenkins we Guardian xa echaza ukuba 'isenzo sokucamagushela isono sasiza kusindisa igama lalowo wayesakuba yinkulumbuso.' Ukuqaqamba ngokushiyilwa kwalo naliphi na ikhwelo lokuba uBlair kunye namaqabane akhe bachophele ityala eHague kwaye bajongane nezityholo zolwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe.
NjengoPilger ngokufanelekileyo uthi Imfazwe yaseNtshona yokulwa ne-Iraq:
'ukuqaphela ukuba i-media ehloniphekileyo, ekhululekile, i-Blair-fawning media yayiyi-accessory ebalulekileyo kulwaphulo-mthetho olunjalo olushiyiweyo kwaye luhlala luvavanyo olulodwa lokunyaniseka kwengqondo kunye nokuziphatha eBrithani.'
Kunye neqokobhe le-titanium leendaba ezidibeneyo, uBlair ukwakho khuselwe 'ngokuchaswa ngokukrakra eWhitehall ekubhengezweni kwamaxwebhu abalulekileyo anxulumene nohlaselo lwase-Iraq, ngokukodwa iirekhodi zeengxoxo phakathi kwakhe noGeorge Bush.' Oku kuthetha ukuba uphando lwe-Chilcot malunga nemfazwe yase-Iraq ngoku aluyi kupapasha ingxelo yayo kude kube ngaxesha lithile ngo-2013. Owayesakuba nguNobhala weKhabhinethi u-Lord O'Donnell kuthiwa uxelele uChilcot ukuba ukukhulula amanqaku kaBlair kuya konakalisa ubudlelwane beBritane ne-US kwaye ayiyi kuba sesidlangalaleni. umdla. Le yikhowudi yokuba 'isiseko kufuneka sizikhusele'.
Ukulungisa ubukrelekrele kunye neenyani zeIran
KwiNethiwekhi yeNdaba yokwenyani, uAnnie Machon kunye noRay McGovern khumbuza Imalunga neminyaka elishumi ukusukela oko uBlair wadibana e-Downing Street kunye nabaphathiswa abaphezulu kunye namagosa aphezulu emkhosini kunye namagosa ezobuntlola kwinkcazo emfutshane malunga nendlela i-US ecebe ngayo 'ukuthethelela' ukuhlasela i-Iraq. UMhlekazi uRichard Dearlove, intloko ye-MI6, wayesandula ukubuya e-US apho wayedibene neqabane lakhe, uMlawuli weCIA uGeorge Tenet.
Odumileyo 'I-Downing Street Memo', imizuzu esemthethweni yenkcazo nge-23 kaJulayi ngo-2002, ityhila into uDearlove ayixelele uBlair kunye nabo babekho malunga noko wakuvileyo kwiTenet; oko kukuthi, uBush uthathe isigqibo sokususa uSaddam Hussein ngokuqalisa imfazwe eyayiza 'kugwetyelwa ngokudibanisa ubugrogrisi kunye nezixhobo zokutshabalalisa.'
Wachaza uDearlove indlela ekwakusenziwa ngayo: 'Ubukrelekrele kunye neenyaniso ziyalungiswa malunga nepolisi.' Oku kulandele isivumelwano ngoAprili ka-2002 phakathi kukaBush noBlair xa inkulumbuso yaseBritane yahlala kwifama kamongameli yaseTexas eCrawford. UBlair wenze isibhambathiso senkxaso yase-UK ekuhlaseleni i-Iraq.
UMachon kunye noMcGovern khumbula iphulo lepropaganda apho uluntu lwaluphantsi kwayo:
'Ebudeni behlobo lika-2002, isoyikiso sokwenziwa esivela e-Iraq "sabelana ngesondo" ngumatshini ophuculwe kakuhle wase-US-UK-wajikwa-propaganda. I-spin yayingenasiphelo: izihloko zeendaba zikhwaza "imizuzu engama-45 ukusuka kwintshabalalo"; ubuxoki malunga noSaddam ekumiseleni ngokutsha inkqubo yezixhobo zenyukliya yase-Iraq; kunye nobuntatheli obutyheli malunga ne "yellowcake" iuranium Iran kwathiwa ifuna kweyona Afrika imnyama.
'Abemi base-UK bondliwe ngobukrelekrele bobuxoki beDossier kaSeptemba emva koko, kwiiveki nje ezintandathu ngaphambi kohlaselo lwase-Iraq, i-"Dodgy" Dossier, esekwe kwithisisi ye-PhD eneminyaka eli-12 ubudala ekhutshwe kwi-Intanethi, kunye nokungaqinisekiswanga, ubukrelekrele obuluhlaza obuye bububuxoki-bonke buvezwe yintlola kunye nezopolitiko ngokufanayo njengobukrelekrele obushushu, obuyoyikekayo.
'Kwaba njalo ke ityala lemfazwe. Bonke ubuxoki; amakhulu amawaka afileyo, enzakeleyo, angxwelerhekile, nezigidi zeembacu zaseIraq; noko ke akubangakho namnye umphendulileyo.
Kunokuba bathwaliswe ityala, abanye abenzi bobubi baye bawongwa:
'UMhlekazi uRichard Dearlove, owayenokukuthintela konke oku ukuba wayenengqibelelo yokuthetha, wavunyelwa ukuba athathe umhlala-phantsi ngeewonga ezipheleleyo waza waba yiNgcweti yeKholeji yaseCambridge. UJohn Scarlett, ongusihlalo weKomiti yobuNgqondo eHlangeneyo watyikitya iidosi zobuqhophololo, wawongwa ngomsebenzi wobuntlola obuphezulu kwi-MI6 kunye nobuknighthood. UGeorge W. Bush unike uGeorge Tenet iMbasa kaMongameli yeNkululeko - elona bhaso liphezulu loluntu. Ndingenazintloni.'
UMachon noMcGovern baxoxa ngelithi ubukrelekrele buya kulungiswa kwakhona; ngeli xesha ukuxhasa uhlaselo olunokwenzeka kwi-Iran:
Kule veki iphelileyo [u-Sir John] Sawers, owangena esikhundleni sika-Scarlett njengentloko ye-MI6 kwiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo, wanika intetho ephawulekayo apho akazange aqhayise ngendima yokusebenza kwe-MI6 ekuthinteleni iinzame ze-Iran zokuphuhlisa isixhobo senyukliya, kodwa waqinisekisa ukuba. I-Iran iya kuba nebhombu ngo-2014. I-Shades of MI6's pandering to policy in 2002.'
Kwaye okwangoku, imvumelwano - naphakathi kwe-US kunye neearhente zakwa-Israeli - kukuba i-Iran inakho hayi yenza isigqibo sokwakha isixhobo senyukliya ukususela oko kwathi kwamiswa inkqubo yaso ngo-2003. Iingcali zezosasazo zibonakala zingayiqondi le nyaniso isisiseko. URobert Fisk inqaku kwi-Syria kwi-Independent ngeCawe izolo yayinombhalo ongezantsi owenza isibhengezo esingafanelekanga malunga ne-Iran kunye 'nezixhobo zayo zenyukliya'. Kuqikelelwa ukuba oku kubhalwe ngomnye wabathobela eli phepha. Ngaba uFisk uya ngqo kumhleli wakhe aze akhalaze malunga noku kuchazwa kakubi?
Kodwa ukunqongophala kwe-Iran kwezixhobo zenyukliya akukhange kuthintele ilizwe ukuba libekhokubekwe ngomgca ukwenzela 'ungenelelo' lwasentshona. Kufanelekile ukubhekisa kwakhona kubungqina bukaGeneral Wesley Clark, owayesakuba yinkosi yeNato, xa yena khumbula Incoko kunye nomphathi wePentagon ngo-2001, kwiiveki ezimbalwa emva kohlaselo lwe-11 kaSeptemba:
'Wafika phezu kwedesika yakhe. Wachola iphetshana. Uye wathi, "Ndisandula ukuhla ukusuka phezulu" - oko kuthetha ukuba uNobhala wezoKhuselo - "namhlanje." Waza wathi, “Le yimemo echaza indlela esiza kukhupha ngayo amazwe asixhenxe kwiminyaka emihlanu, ukuqala nge-Iraq, kunye neSyria, iLebhanon, iLibya, iSomalia, iSudan kunye, ukugqibezela i-Iran.
Kubonakala ngathi abachola-choli beendaba abanakuzinceda ekubetheni ngoyaba ezi zibakala ziphazamisayo. Kwaye ke, ngaphandle kokuba uluntu lufuna ngenye indlela, abahleli bequmrhu kunye neentatheli baya kuqhubeka ukwenza indima yabo yesiqhelo yokuthobela kwinkonzo yamagunya.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
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