Umthombo: Davidbollier.com
Uluntu ngokubanzi lusenokungacingi kakhulu ngendlela izazinzulu nabaphengululi abawupapasha ngayo umsebenzi wabo, kodwa nceda yazi ukuba ibalulekile. Njengazo zonke ezinye izinto emhlabeni, iimarike zeshishini ziye zalawula le ndawo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ukuguqula inzuzo yeshishini yeyona njongo iphambili, hayi lula, ukwabelana ngolwazi olufikelelekayo.
Abapapashi bezifundo zorhwebo kudala bethengisa izinto zabucala kwaye benza imali ngophando lwezifundo, oluthe ngokuhamba kwexesha lwakhokelela ekubeni ioligopoly yabapapashi abambalwa bakwazi ukubiza amaxabiso axhomileyo ngeencwadi zabo kunye nemirhumo yejenali. Impembelelo ibe nkulu kubaphandi kwiGlobal South nakwiikholeji ezincinci, ezingathathi ntweni nakwiiyunivesithi, apho kunzima ukufikelela kunye nokwabelana ngophando lwamva nje lwezenzululwazi nolwezifundiswa.
Eyona mpendulo inamandla ivele kwintshukumo yopapasho oluvulelekileyo. Ufikelelo oluvulekileyo, okanye i-OA, yaqala kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini eyadlulayo njengendlela yokupapasha iincwadi zemfundo, iijenali, nolunye uphando olunokwabelwana lula kwaye lukhutshelwe. Eli yayilikhefu kwiimodeli zopapasho zemveli ezavumela iinkampani ezinkulu ukuba zithathe amalungelo okushicilela abaphandi kwaye ziguqule iziqhamo zezifundo eziqhelekileyo zibe yimveliso yobunini ebiza imali eninzi.
Iimpapasho zeOA zanikela ngenye indlela ehlaziyayo yokwenza imisebenzi yabelwe ngokusisigxina ngaphandle kweendleko okanye ngexabiso elincinane. Umzekelo ziincwadi zokufunda ezivuliweyo. Banokuxhomekeka kwiilayisensi zeCreative Commons ukwenza imisebenzi yabelwane ngokusemthethweni; ziprinte usebenzisa iteknoloji yoshicilelo-kwimfuno; kwaye uzithengise ngexabiso lokuprinta.
Ukufikelela okuvulekileyo akuncedi kuphela izazinzulu, abaphengululi, kunye nabafundi bakhe phezu komsebenzi wabo babeze ngaphambi kwabo. Iqinisekisa ubulungisa obusisiseko - kwiinkalo zemfundo eziye zavelisa ulwazi kwasekuqaleni, kunye nabahlawuli berhafu abahlala behlawula (ngorhulumente) kuphando lwesayensi, amayeza, kunye noluntu. Kutheni le nto abashicileli bequmrhu kufuneka babe ngabanini bamalungelo okukopisha kwaye bathengise iinzuzo zophando olufumana inkxaso-mali kuluntu kunye neeyunivesithi zikarhulumente?
Ukuphonononga imeko yokufikelela okuvulelekileyo namhlanje, ndithethe kutsha nje Sam Moore, umququzeleli kunye ne I-Radical Open Access Collective kum Imida yeCommoning ipodcast (isiqendu #25). UMoore ukwayingcaphephe kwezonxibelelwano kwiYunivesithi yaseCambridge eNgilani, kunye neqabane lophando kwiKholeji yaseHomerton.
Udliwano-ndlebe lwam lugrumba kulawulo lwe-oligopoly lopapasho lwezifundo, amaxabiso aphezulu ejenali zemfundo kunye neencwadi, ukunqongophala kokhetho phakathi kwezazinzulu ezininzi kunye nabaphengululi, ubunkokeli obulinganiselweyo bolawulo lweyunivesithi, kunye nezinto ezintsha zokufikelela okuvulelekileyo ngoku eziphuhliswayo.
Ngelixa ushicilelo oluvulelekileyo aluseyiyo into entsha, iRadical Open Access Collective ikholelwa ukuba uninzi lwayo luye lwadityaniswa okanye lwathiywa ekuhambeni kweminyaka ngooshicilelo kunye nabaxhasi bemali. Iiyunivesithi ezininzi kunye neziseko zonwabile ukukhupha inkqubo yokupapasha kumashishini orhwebo nangona oko kuthetha ukuba amaxabiso aphezulu ngokungeyomfuneko, izithintelo zokufikelela, kunye nokwanda kweyantlukwano phakathi kwamaziko emfundo atyebileyo nasokolayo.
Ubukhulu becala, abapapashi bezifundo zorhwebo baye bahlengahlengisa iimodeli zabo zoshishino ukuze bamkele ubunyani bonxibelelwano oluvulekileyo; bayaqonda ukuba abanakuphinda bagcine ulawulo lobunikazi lulonke ababelonwabele. Kodwa ulawulo olutsha lwezorhwebo abalwenzileyo, ngeli lixa bebonelela ngokufikelela okuvulelekileyo, basabavumela abapapashi ukuba benze itoni yemali kwaye bamisele iindlela apho ulwazi lwezifundo kunye nenzululwazi lunokufikelelwa kwaye lujikelezwe.
Kulungile, ke abafundi abasahlawuli kangako. Endaweni yoko, abaninzi abapapashi be-OA batshintshe iindleko kubabhali. Ngamaxesha amaninzi kufuneka bahlawule kwangaphambili โiintlawulo zokusetyenzwa kwenqakuโ [ii-APC] kunye โneendleko zokusetyenzwa kweencwadiโ [ii-BPC], ezisathintela ukusasazwa kolwazi, nangona ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.
I-Radical Open Access Collective icinga ukuba kukho iindlela ezingcono. Yiyo loo nto idibene ngo-2015 ukuze yenze uluntu ngoku oluqulathe ama-70 akhokelwa ngabafundi, oshicilelo olungajonganga nzuzo, iijenali kunye nezinye iiprojekthi zofikelelo oluvulelekileyo. I-ROAC izibophelele ekuphuhliseni nasekuxhaseni iimodeli "ezingezorhwebo, ezingenzi nzuzo kunye / okanye ezisekelwe kwi-commons ekudalweni nasekusasazeni ulwazi lwezemfundo."
"Yintoni ezisa iiprojekthi ezikhokelwa ngabafundi zeRadical Open Access Collective kunye," iwebhusayithi yayo ibhengeza, "lutyalo-mali ekwabelwana ngalo ekuthatheni umva ulawulo lweendlela zokuvelisa ukuze kuphinde kuqwalaselwe ukuba yintoni upapasho kunye nokuba luyintoni na.
โEnye yeendlela esizama ngayo ukuphumeza oku kukushenxisa abasebenzi bethu abangahlawulwayo bayeke ukufikelela kwiijenali zokuhlawulela kunye nabapapashi suku vumela ababhali ukuba bazigcinele ngokwabo iikopi zomsebenzi wabo kwi-intanethi, okanye abaneendleko eziphezulu zokurhuma ngonyaka, ii-APC [iintlawulo zokusetyenzwa kwenqaku] kunye nee-BPC [iintlawulo zokulungisa iincwadi].โ
โUkufikelela kuphando lilungelo elisisiseko,โ uyanyanzelisa uMoore. โIlungile kwidemokhrasi, ilungile ngeendlela ezininzi kwimarike. Kuhle ukuba nophando lwasimahla nolufikelelekayo kuyo yonke into.โ I-Radical Open Open Access Collective yenye yeendlela eziphambili ezizama ukubonisa ukuba ukufana kwenzululwazi nopapasho lwezifundiswa kunokusebenza ngokwenene.
Ungamamela udliwano-ndlebe lukaSam Moore Imida yeCommoning Apha.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela