Umthombo: Iziko loQoqosho noPhando loMgaqo-nkqubo
Ubhubhani we-Covid-19 kwakhona ukwindawo yokuguquguquka- kunye namatyala ngoku ehla kakhulu kuninzi lwehlabathi. Ubhubhani wangoku unokuba phantsi kolawulo, kodwa emva kwezigidi zokufa okunokuthintelwa, eli likude kwibali lempumelelo kwaye lixesha elilungileyo njengaye nawuphi na umntu ukuba ajonge ngamandla kwiintsilelo zethu, ngakumbi malunga nolawulo lwethu lolwazi.
Ehlabathini lonke, inani losulelo lwe-Covid liyancipha: amanani e-United States ekugqibeleni aye ehla emva kokuba ukwahluka kweDelta kuyithumele ngokukhawuleza ekupheleni kwehlobo; I-Indiya, mhlawumbi elona lizwe linzima emhlabeni apho iimeko ziye zanda ngaphezulu kwe-400,000 ngosuku ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, ngoku inika ingxelo ngamatyala angaphezulu kwama-20,000 mihla le, elilingana nama-5,000 ngosuku e-United States. Ukwehla okufanayo kunokubonwa kumazwe kwihlabathi liphela.
Oku kuhla kwihlabathi jikelele kungenxa yokudityaniswa kokusasazeka kwezitofu zokugonya kwaye, mhlawumbi okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ukhuselo lwendalo oluvela kusulelo oluninzi. Ngokutsho kweNew York Times inqakuNgokomzekelo, inani losulelo e-Indiya ukusuka ekuqaleni kukaMeyi lalisondele kwi-540 yezigidi, xa ubalo olusemthethweni lwaluzizigidi ezingama-27 kuphela. Kuba ubhubhani wawusasebenza ngokupheleleyo elizweni ngelo xesha, ukongezelelwa kwabantu kwakuza kuthetha ukuba usulelo olufikelela kuma-750 ukuya kuma-800 ezigidi, kufutshane neepesenti ezingama-60 zabemi belizwe.
Ngelixa usulelo oluxhaphake kangaka lunokunceda ukuqulatha ubhubhane, luza neendleko ezoyikekayo zomntu. Ngelixa inani elisemthethweni lokufa limalunga nama-450,000, abaphandi baqikelele ukuba inani lokufa kwabantu abanokuba zizigidi ezisisi-1.6 ukuya phantse kwizigidi ezi-6 kwiindawo ezisezidolophini ngokutsho. olunye uphando. Kukho ibali elifanayo kwihlabathi lonke elisaphuhlayo, apho elona nani losulelo kunye nokufa lingaphezulu kakhulu kumanani-nkcazo asemthethweni asele etshabalalisa.
Ukuba eli nani lokufa lenzekile, naxa ihlabathi (ngokufanelekileyo) libhiyozela uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwamayeza okugonya asebenzayo, kuthetha ukuba sisilele kakubi ekufumaneni ezi zitofu zokugonya zisasazwe ngokubanzi kwihlabathi jikelele. Okubaluleke kakhulu, oku ibe kukungaphumeleli kwentando yezopolitiko, hayi ukunqongophala kwamandla okuvelisa kunye nokusasaza amayeza okugonya.
Olona phawu luphambili ibe lunyango lwethu lolwazi malunga nophuhliso kunye nokuveliswa kwezitofu zokugonya kunye namayeza ngokubanzi. Ngokujonga iindleko eziqhubekayo zobhubhane kwihlabathi jikelele, umgaqo-nkqubo okhanyiselweyo kufuneka ujolise ekwandiseni imveliso kunye nokusasazwa kogonyo kunye namayeza. Endaweni yoko, sibone iinzame ezinkulu zokunqanda ukusasazwa.
Kunyaka ophelileyo, uMzantsi Afrika kunye ne-Indiya bacebise ngesigqibo kuMbutho weHlabathi woRhwebo sokurhoxisa amalungelo awodwa abenzi bamachiza kunye namanye amabango epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda kwizitofu zokugonya, iimvavanyo, kunye nonyango ngexesha lobhubhane. Ukususela ngelo xesha, amazwe atyebileyo asebenze kwifilibuster ukuvimba nayiphi na isenzo.
Umzi mveliso wamachiza ukwabanga ukuba ilizwe elisaphuhlayo alinazo iindawo zokuvelisa ezifunekayo ukuvelisa amayeza okugonya i-Covid. Oku akuyonyani, njengoko iIndiya, iBrazil, uMzantsi Afrika, namanye amazwe amaninzi asakhasayo aneendawo zale mihla ezinokusetyenziswa ukuvelisa amayeza okugonya.
Ngokucacileyo, kwezinye iitekhnoloji ezintsha (ezinje ngogonyo lwe-mRNA), ezo ndawo azizange zifumaneke kwangoko, kodwa ukufumana ezo ndawo zisebenza ngoku bekunokwenzeka ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba bekuthatyathwe inyathelo ngokukhawuleza kwisigqibo sika-Okthobha ophelileyo. Kwezinye iitekhnoloji ezindala, ezibandakanya ugonyo olungasebenziyo lwe-mRNA, amandla akhona, kodwa ukhuseleko lwelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza kunye nesidingo sokuveliswa kwemiqathango yelayisensi. nanamhlanje.
Ukhuseleko lwe-IP lubangela iingxaki ngaphaya kwezitofu zokugonya. Njengoko kuphuhliswa ubugcisa obutsha bokulwa i-Covid (i-Merck's Molnupiravir antiviral ngumzekelo), inkqubo yethu yangoku yokhuselo lwelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza iya kuqhubeka icutha ufikelelo ngaphezu kokuba luyimfuneko, nkqu nezivumelwano ezinokubakho zelayisensi. Kwiimeko ezinjalo amalungelo abenzi kuphela kwento emi endleleni-amandla okwenza la machiza asindisa ubomi sele ekhona kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi kwaye ukususa izithintelo kuya kuwenza afumaneke kwihlabathi jikelele ngexabiso eliphantsi.
Amalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza nangona iyinxalenye yengxaki. Ukufikelela kubuchwepheshe kuhlala kubalulekile. Amalungiselelo e-TRIPS e-WTO ayeyilelwe ukunciphisa ukusasazeka kobuchwepheshe kumazwe asaphuhlayo. Isigqibo se-India-South Africa sasijolise ekujikelezeni kwezi zithintelo, kodwa njengoko kwaphawulwa ngokubanzi, uninzi lobuchwepheshe obuyimfuneko babukhuselwe ziimfihlo zamashishini, hayi amalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza. Oko kuya kuthetha ukuba ukurhoxiswa kwamalungelo awodwa abenzi bemveliso kukodwa, kuya kuba yinzuzo encinci ekusasazeni imveliso.
Iimfihlo zorhwebo zinokhuseleko lwe-amorphous phantsi komthetho, kwaye ukwandisa imveliso kunye nokusabalalisa kufuna ukuthatha le ntloko. UMzantsi Korea ubuyile ngoJulayi ubhengeze ukuba banamandla okwenza i ibhiliyoni yogonyo lwe-mRNA ngokukhawuleza, kodwa yayingekafumani ifemu ezimisele ukwabelana ngolwazi lwayo lokuvelisa. Njengoko abaphandi abathathu Yalatha ngo-Agasti, nangona kunjalo, i-US inokubiza uMthetho wayo weMveliso yezoKhuselo (esele yenze kubhubhane) kwaye inyanzelise ukuhanjiswa kobuchwephesha kunye nolwazi. Ukongeza, inokukwenza oko ngokuzimeleyo.
Ulungiso olongezelelweyo luya kuba kukuthintela izivumelwano zokungabhengezi (NDA) ubuncinci kwiiteknoloji ezixhaswa ngemali licandelo likarhulumente. Ii-NDA zikhusela iimfihlo zemizi-mveliso ngokugrogrisa nawuphi na umsebenzi obhengeza ulwazi ngezimangalo ezinzulu. Ukuba ii-NDA zivaliwe njengesenzo esichasene nokukhuphisana, izoyikiso ezivela kwiinkampani ngokuchasene nabasebenzi bangaphambili ukukhusela iimfihlo zabo aziyi kuba nantsingiselo.
Ngokubanzi, nakwimeko engxamisekileyo yezempilo yehlabathi ngakumbi, kufuneka sijonge ukwabelana ngetekhnoloji ngokubanzi kangangoko sinakho, singayivaleli ngasemva kwelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza kunye nolunye ukhuselo. Ubhubhani wehlabathi lonke bekufanele ukuba ube sisihlandlo sokuba izazinzulu zehlabathi, kubandakanya nezo zivela eTshayina naseRussia, zisebenze ngokudibeneyo ukujongana nengxaki efanayo.
Iindleko azikahlawulwa nje ngamazwe asakhasayo. Ngokuvumela ubhubhani ukuba usasazeke kakhulu ungajongwanga kwilizwe elisaphuhlayo, silinike ithuba lokuziguqula zibe ziindlela ezinganyangekiyo kugonyo eziya kuqhubeka nokuphindaphinda kwiinyanga nakwiminyaka ezayo. Ukwahluka kweDelta kuphuhliswe eIndiya ngoDisemba ophelileyo.
Sisenokungaze sazi ukuba ukukhutshwa kogonyo olukhawulezileyo kunye novavanyo oluxhaphakileyo bekunokuba ne-Covid ngaphambi kokuba isasazeke kwihlabathi liphela, kodwa iindleko zoluntu kunye nezoqoqosho zokusasazeka bezinkulu. Kwakhona, i-US kunye namanye amazwe atyebileyo ayaqhubeka nokuziva impembelelo yezoqoqosho esasazeka kwihlabathi elikhulayo. Ukuvalwa kwefektri kwiindawo ezinje Vietnam kunye neMalaysia ibe ngumba ophambili kubunzima bokubonelela ngezinto ezixhalabisayo ngoku kuqoqosho olukhulu. Ukwenza ulwazi lufumaneke, lusasazeke ngokulula ngakumbi, nokwabelwana ngokubanzi akusosinyanzelo nje sokuziphatha, kodwa kukuzilungela komntu wonke, kuyo yonke indawo.
UDean Baker uyingcali yezoqoqosho kwiZiko loPhando loQoqosho kunye noMgaqo-nkqubo kunye noprofesa otyeleleyo kwiYunivesithi yase-Utah.
U-Arjun Jayadev nguNjingalwazi wezoQoqosho kwiYunivesithi yase-Azim Premji kunye noQoqosho oPhezulu, iZiko lokuCinga uQoqosho olutsha.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela