UTariq Ali: Namhlanje siza kuxoxa ngamayeza kunye nento eyenzekayo e-Afrika kodwa kungekhona nje apho, nakwezinye iindawo zehlabathi, kwaye indlela amayeza abucala alawula ngayo intsimi ngaphandle kwe-oasis embalwa kusekho iCuba, iVenezuela, njl. . Ndikunye nam nguNjingalwazi u-Allyson Pollock, omnye wezazinzulu ezaziwayo zempilo yoluntu kunye neengcali kwicandelo lakhe naphi na. I-Ebola. Iyintoni imvelaphi yayo kwaye yasasazeka njani ngokukhawuleza kula mazwe mathathu aseAfrika kwaye ngoku ibangela ukuxhalaba kwenye indawo?
U-Allyson Pollock: Ewe i-Ebola yintsholongwane, akukho mntu uyaziyo ukuba iyintoni na imvelaphi, abanye bacinga ukuba inokuba ivela kwilulwane, kwaye isasazwa ngolwelo lomzimba, ke leyo yindlela ebalulekileyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi eziqhelekileyo kufuneka igcinwe ngokulula ngokuvalelwa kwaye ibe yedwa kodwa ingxaki enkulu kumazwe apho ixhaphake kakhulu, eyiSierra, iLiberia kunye neGuinea, kukuba la mazwe ahlwempuzekileyo kakhulu, apho iziseko zophuhliso zithe kratya. ngokwandayo ikhutshiwe, ngakumbi ngokwemigaqo yezempilo kunye, um, intsholongwane ngoku ikwiindawo ezisezidolophini apho kukho uqhagamshelwano olusondeleyo lomntu, ngoko kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukulawula kunye nokuqulatha ngokukodwa xa kusenzeka kwiindawo apho kukho ingxinano eninzi kunye nentlupheko kunye nogutyulo olulambathayo.
UTariq Ali: Kwaye uluntu lwezempilo lwaseNtshona, ngoko ke, uMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi, wawucotha ukusabela, ndaziva, ngokubhekiselele kwinto eyayinokwenziwa ekuqaleni kwesi sifo.
U-Allyson Pollock: Ewe, ndicinga ukuba i-WHO yayinethemba, njengakuqhambuko lwangaphambili - ukuqhambuka okukhulu ngeminyaka yee-1970s, ukuba kuya kufumaneka ngokulula. Mhlawumbi kwenzeka ntoni ukuba babengayibaleli into yokuba la mazwe avelayo ngokwenene aphakathi kwawona mazwe ahlwempuzekileyo? I-Liberia kunye neSierra Leon baye badlula kwixesha labo elide lemfazwe yamakhaya, ingxabano kunye neembacu ezifudukayo apho imveliso yasekhaya kunye noqoqosho luhlupheke kakhulu kwaye esikubonileyo kuwo onke la mazwe kukukhupha zonke iintlobo zoluntu. iinkonzo ingakumbi iinkqubo zempilo. Ke kunzima kakhulu ukuyibamba kwaye sinemiba yokwenyani yentlupheko. Ke, ndicinga ukuba ithemba lokuqala yayikukuba ezi ziyakuba zilungile, impazamo, isifo siyakuqulathwa ngokulula kodwa eneneni yintsholongwane enezinga eliphezulu lokufa, bathi malunga nama-55% amathuba okufa ukuba uyafa. suleleka yintsholongwane. Ngoko oku kubi kakhulu kodwa enye yeengxaki ezinkulu kukuba ihlabathi laseNtshona, ngakumbi urhulumente wase-US ubuya nezisombululo zemipu kunye neembumbulu zomlingo ngoko besilapha ngaphambili; isibhengezo sika-Obama sokuba uza kuthumela kwi-3,000 yamajoni kunye nesibhengezo esifanayo sokuba baya kugxila kwimveliso yogonyo olukhawulezayo. Kwaye oku kukususwa ngokupheleleyo kwisigqibo sentlalo kunye nesakhiwo sempilo yoluntu kuba imvelaphi yayo yonke impilo yoluntu kwizisombululo ezilula kakhulu kunye nezisisiseko. Imalunga namanzi acocekileyo, ugutyulo, isondlo esifanelekileyo โ ngoko ke ububi bentlupheko. Kwaye, ngaphezulu koko udinga iinkqubo zempilo ezilunge kakhulu ezinoogqirha abafanelekileyo kunye nabongikazi kunye nezibonelelo onokuthi ubabeke bodwa abantu kwaye unokwenza oko kubizwa ngokuba 'kukulandelela unxibelelwano' ke kufuneka ubuyele kuluntu ukuze ufumanise ukuba ngubani ochaphazelekayo. Abantu bebenxibelelana nabo ukuze emva koko uzivalele kwaye ubabeke bodwa abo bantu ukuze uqiniseke ukuba ngenene abasifumani isifo kwaye emva koko ubadlulisele ngexesha lokufukamela. Kwaye yonke loo nto isusiwe.
Yile nto la mazwe ayijongileyo, aba nokhukuliseko olupheleleyo kunye nokuwa kweenkqubo zabo zokhathalelo lwempilo yoluntu kwaye le yintlekele. Ke abemi banoogqirha nabongikazi abambalwa kakhulu. Abanakukwazi ukumelana nale meko kwaye izibonelelo zoluntu ezikhoyo zixinene, zikwimeko embi kakhulu kwaye abanabasebenzi ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko ke le ngxaki yobhubhane yayiza kubahlasela, inokuba yi-Ebola, inokuba yinto eyenye - ingaba ikholera okanye nantoni na. Le yayiza kubuyela ekhaya ukuze ibethe la mazwe kunzima kakhulu. Oku bekuqikelelwa ngokupheleleyo kwaye bekuqikelelwa ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20 kwaye yile nto ibithethwa ngamaziko ezempilo yoluntu kunye nabameli boluntu. Isisombululo kule ndyikitya yokufa ayizombumbulu zomlingo kwaye ayithumeli imikhosi. Yenziwe ngobuchule, yeyoluntu, yeyoqoqosho, yeyokusingqongileyo kwaye ibeka kuyo yonke imilinganiselo yempilo yoluntu.
UTariq Ali: Kodwa inkqubo yobungxowankulu behlabathi njengoko isebenza ngokusisiseko ayikuxhasi iinkonzo zempilo zoluntu, baxhasa izisombululo zabucala, amaziko abucala nto leyo ethetha ukuba kumazwe amaninzi ngokunyukayo unenkqubo yemigangatho emibini okanye emithathu; uneendawo zokundwendwela ezikumgangatho ophakamileyo kwizityebi kunye nabantu abanakho ukuzihlawulela, unenqanaba lesibini labantu abakumgangatho ophakathi nabo kufuneka bahlawule kodwa hayi kakhulu kwaye izibonelelo zabo azilunganga kwaye ke unezibhedlele zikarhulumente, hayi eAfrika kuphela kodwa kumazwe afana neIndiya kunye nePakistan kunye neSri Lanka, alihlazo elipheleleyo kwaye akukho nto yenziwayo malunga nayo kwinqanaba lehlabathi konke konke kuba oku akuyonto iphambili. Ndithetha ukuba yinto engafanelekanga. Ngaba ucinga ukuba, ndiyathetha, ukuba le yindlela inkqubo yezempilo esebenza ngayo kwizinto ozithethileyo, isisombululo esicacileyo, ixesha eliphakathi kunye nexesha elide, kukudala iziseko zentlalo ezomeleleyo kula mazwe kodwa yiloo nto i-International Monetary. INgxowa-mali ibacele ukuba bangachithi mali kuyo, kule minyaka ingamashumi amane idlulileyo, ucinga ukuba bangenza ntoni?
UAllyson Pollock: Ewe ndicinga ukuba uphakamisa imiba ebalulekileyo; ithini indima yeIMF, iWorld Bank, iAfrican Development Bank kuba kwakhona xa sijonga iLiberia neSierra Leone neGuinea, eneneni ezinobutyebi bendalo obuninzi, kwenzeka ntoni kula mazwe, ngokwezoqoqosho zawo. kukuba imihlaba ithengiswa ibe yabucala kwaye ihlalwa ngabatyali-zimali bangaphandle abangenayo kwaye bahlutha nje izibonelelo kunye nee-asethi. I-Liberia ine-GDP, imveliso yasekhaya epheleleyo, yeebhiliyoni zeedola, kunye nabemi abazizigidi ezihlanu okanye ezithandathu, ke zenzelwe njani ukwakha kwakhona xa eneneni unabalawuli bamazwe angaphandle abangena kunye nentsebenziswano yoluntu yabucala kunye nokuhamba okukhulu imali iyaphuma kwaye awunayo nayiphi na indlela yokwabiwa ngokutsha kuba ukwabiwa kwakhona kuthetha ukuba uzama ukwakha uluntu olunobulungisa kwaye uzama ukubuyisela izibonelelo.
Ngoko iqala ngoqoqosho, iqala ngento eyenzekayo emhlabeni, iqala ngento yokuba ioli yesundu kunye ne-cocoa kunye ne-rubber zizityalo ezibalulekileyo zemali kwaye kukho umhlaba, kwaye obu bunini, budlulisiwe kwaye ndithetha ukuba oku kuhle kakhulu. ibhalwe yimibutho ebalulekileyo efana neGlobal Witness kodwa ne-Oakland Foundation yase-US, abathe baqesha okwenzekayo emhlabeni kwaye bakhumbula, uninzi lwamafama, umzekelo eLiberia, i-70% yabemi, bahlala emaphandleni. Baza kuba ngamafama okuziphilisa ngoko ke lo ngumba kwaye xa abantu bechitha i-80% yemali ekutyeni emva koko ube nazo zonke ezi ntambo zibajikelezileyo, ngokuqinisekileyo unengxaki yokwenyani kuba intlupheko iya kuhamba. ukuba ikhawuleziswe kula mazwe ngenxa yentsholongwane ye-Ebola, kuba imida iyavalwa kwaye ngenxa yokuba awusenayo nokuhamba kwezoqoqosho. Ke ndicinga ukuba kufuneka siqale ngezoqoqosho kuba ngunobangela weengxaki zolwakhiwo emva koko sinoMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi, oligunya lehlabathi kwezempilo. Inamagunya okwenza umthetho kodwa ngokucwangcisiweyo ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20 ibilambe ngokupheleleyo imali kwaye inkxaso-mali enjalo njengoko ifumana ibotshelelwa kuzo zonke iintlobo zeemeko kwaye ezo meko zisetwa zii-NGOs ezinkulu zehlabathi ezifana neBill & Melinda Gates Foundation. , abangenasiseko sedemokhrasi, abangenaxanduva kwaye nabo benza umonakalo ongenakuchazwa ngeenkqubo zabo zesifo esithe nkqo ngenxa yokuba azimiliselwanga kwimpilo yoluntu kunye neenkqubo zempilo yoluntu. Kwaye umzekelo omhle wenkqubo yesifo esithe nkqo xa uthatha i-Ebola kwaye emva koko uzisa ukusebenza kwakho ukulwa ne-Ebola kwaye ungayihoyi zonke ezinye izizathu zezifo, ezifana ne-TB okanye i-malaria, okanye intlupheko, ukungondleki kwaye ngexesha elifanayo xa ugxila kuyo yonke imizamo yoshishino kuphuhliso lwesitofu sokugonya.
Kodwa eneneni izitofu zokugonya aziyonto ifunwa ngala mazwe. Lukwabiwa ngokutsha olululo kunye nemilinganiselo yempilo yoluntu kwaye asifundi nto kwimbali; nantso ke into eyothusayo. Lonke uhlaziyo olukhulu, konke ukuwa okukhulu kwezifo ezosulelayo zezifo ezisulelayo kwakungekho phantsi kumachiza kunye nezitofu zokugonya, yayiyimilinganiselo yokubuyisela kwakhona, equka ucoceko, isondlo, izindlu ezilungileyo kwaye ngaphezu kwayo yonke idemokhrasi yokwenene. Kwaye kwafika imfundo kunye nawo onke amanye amanyathelo esiwadingayo. Ngoku anditsho ukuba asiwadingi amayeza, kodwa enye yeengxaki ezinkulu kukuba olo phuhliso lwesitofu ngokwalo ngoku lusezandleni zezi ziseko zikhulu zinamandla njengee-NGOs, ezifana ne-GAVI โ iGlobal Alliance for Vaccine Initiative, eyathi. ngentsebenziswano neenkampani ezinkulu ezifana ne-GSK kunye ne-Merck, ziphume zifuna amalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza kwaye isizathu sokuba zithande izitofu kukunikaโฆ kuba izitofu zithetha ugonyo oluninzi, oko kuthetha ukuba amanani kunye namanani athetha imali. Kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ihlawulwa ngoorhulumente baseNtshona naseNtshona xa le mali inokungena ngokulula koorhulumente ukuze baphinde bakhe iinkqubo zabo zempilo kuba sithetha ngokwakhiwa kwakhona kweziseko zempilo zoluntu kwaye oko kubandakanya ukubeka kwindawo yokuqala yoluntu. ukhathalelo lwempilo, iinkqubo zempilo zoluntu, amacandelo olawulo losulelo kwinqanaba loluntu, ukufakwa ezibhedlele nokuqeqesha abongikazi noogqirha. Kwaye enkulu, enye ingxaki enkulu kuwo onke la mazwe ayikho nje i-brain-drain, kuba oogqirha abambalwa kunye nabongikazi bakhona, bafuna ukuhamba kwaye oko kuyenzeka naseNigeria, okanye bafuna ukusebenza kwicandelo labucala. okanye bafuna ukusebenzela ezi NGOs kuba imali ingcono kakhulu kwaye ke yonke inkqubo yezempilo yoluntu ivalekile. Kwaye le yingxaki yokwenyani kuba iSiseko seGates, iBill & Melinda Gates, abakholelwa kwicandelo likarhulumente, abakholelwa kwidemokhrasi, ephethwe ngurhulumente, enoxanduva loluntu.
UTariq Ali: Ke eneneni i-WHO, ngenxa yemigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente, kunye nezinto eziphambili kwimvumelwano yaseWashington, okt. I-neoliberalism, ukuthengiswa kweyeza, ukungakwazi ukulawula i-Big Phgarma, uye wayiyeka ngokufanelekileyo into ebikade iyenza? Ngengqiqo yokuba ayinakwenza into ekufuneka yenziwe, ukuqinisa, ukwakha ukuba kuyimfuneko kwamanye ala mazwe iinkqubo zempilo zoluntu.
UAllyson Pollock: Ewe, kukho iphepha elibaluleke kakhulu kutsha nje kwiBritish Medical Journal, ndicinga ukuba nguDavid Legg, ochaza into ebisenzeka kwi-WHO ngaphezulu kweminyaka engamashumi amabini apho i-US yala ukunika inkxaso-mali ebekufanele ukuba nayo. yenziwe kwaye ke into onayo kuxa oorhulumente baseNtshona kunye ne-US bengena, bayibophelela kwimiqathango, ehlala ijikeleze izinto eziphambili kwiBill & Melinda Gates kwaye hayi malunga nezinto eziphambili eziphambili zempilo yoluntu kwaye i-WHO ibotshwe izandla. Kwaye eneneni ngumbutho wezempilo wehlabathi, unamagunya okwenza umthetho kwaye awukaze uyisebenzise le misebenzi sithetha ngokusilela kwedemokhrasi okwenzekayo xa iimali ezinkulu zehlabathi ezifana neGates Fund okanye iBuffett Fund zinokumisela ukuba yintoni na izinto eziphambili zehlabathi kwaye ziyayigqwetha into ekufuneka ibeyiyo eyona nto iphambili kwimpilo yoluntu kuba ibotshelelwe kuqoqosho, kufuneka basebenze kwimizi mveliso, bafune ukwenza unyango kwaye kufuneka baxube amayeza. Kodwa kukho umva omkhulu ozayo, umva omkhulu kwihlabathi laseNtshona, ingcinga ebaluleke ngakumbi malunga nokuziphatha kunye nokhuseleko kunye nokufaneleka kwamachiza kunye nogonyo kunye namayeza kwaye eli qela liqala ukucaca ngakumbi nangakumbi kwaye ngakumbi nangakumbi ukukhathazeka. Kodwa enye yeengxaki ezinkulu kukuba ngenxa yesi sixa sikhulu semali enayo iBill & Melinda Gates Fund, kukuba amagcisa, njengam, izizwe zempilo yoluntu, ziye zabanjwa ngenxa yempumelelo yazo kuqikelelo lokufumana imisebenzi, okanye uphando, olubotshelelwe kumdla weGlobal Fund. Ke ingcinga egxekayo iyakhutshelwa ngaphandle kwaye kwangaxeshanye yimisebenzi ebalulekileyo yezempilo yoluntu kuba impilo yoluntu ikhona njengoko u-Ibsen ebenokuthi, ukuba lutshaba lwabantu, kodwa eneneni kukho ukugxeka, ukuvavanya kunye nokuqonda. ukucinga ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ukhumbuze wonke umntu malunga nokuba yintoni ukuzimisela kwezempilo kwezentlalo, kwaye ayisiyonzululwazi ye-rocket. Ayidingi mayeza omlingo okanye izigidi zeerandi ezichithwe kwimfuza nakwiilabhoratri, ifuna izinto ezisisiseko kakhulu, kodwa zibalulekile kuba zezo ziziseko zempilo yoluntu ezakhelwe phezu kwazo.
UTariq Ali: Thelekisa oku, kuqhubeka ntoni kubuninzi behlabathi ngelizwe elincinane elinjengeCuba, elikwazile ukwakha inkqubo yezempilo yoluntu, nto leyo kanye zizinto ezininzi oziphikisayo. Ijolise kakhulu kumayeza othintelo anqanda isifo ukuba singasasazeki, kwaye ngoku iphakathi kweyona rekhodi ilungileyo kuzo zombini iinkonzo zempilo yoluntu kunye neempembelelo zayo ngokwemeko yabemi baseCuba kwaye ngokwandayo ngenxa yoncedo abalunike iVenezuela, abemi baseVenezuela kunye nabanye baseMzantsi. Abemi baseMerika ababengazange babe nempilo ngoku bakwimo ebhetele kakhulu kunabantu abaninzi, ngokomzekelo, eMpuma Yurophu abaye bafuna ushishino lwabucala; yiyeke iAfrika kunye neendawo ezinkulu zaseAsia. Uyifundile inkqubo ndiyacinga?
U-Allyson Pollock: Ewe, ewe, ndicinga ukuba inkqubo yaseCuba ikhuthaza kakhulu kwaye nabani na oye waya eCuba akanakuva izibonelelo zempilo yoluntu. Ndiyathetha ukuba lilizwe eliyazi ngokwenene intsingiselo yobunzima kwaye i-GDP yabo, elingana namazwe amaninzi ahluphekileyo, kodwa abanako ukungalingani okungaqhelekanga kuba umbono wabo kunye nephulo labo lijikeleze impilo yoluntu kunye nempilo. yabo bonke. Ke baye benza kakuhle kakhulu kwaye ngokumangalisayo. Ndithetha ukuba eyona ngxaki iza njengoko kwenzekayo ngoku kwaye baya kulandelwa yimigaqo-nkqubo ye-neoliberal kunye nesidingo sokuthengisa amachiza, kunye nesidingo sokuthengisa iziyobisi; lixesha elibaluleke kakhulu lokuba iCuba icinge ngayo. Kodwa eneneni kufuneka ngalo lonke ixesha bakhumbule ukuba yintoni i-GDP yabo kunye nokuba baphumelele ntoni ngogqirha wabo xa kuthelekiswa namanye ala mazwe ahlwempuzekileyo kwihlabathi njengeSierra Leone kunye neLiberia-iLiberia ngakumbi.
UTariq Ali: Enye into eqinisekileyo kukuba abantu baseCuba bathumele oogqirha babo abaninzi kwiindawo zase-Afrika, eMzantsi Melika, nanini na kukho intlekele. Ndikhumbula ngexesha lezikhukula ezimbi ePakistan, ezimbi kakhulu, iqela lonke loogqirha baseCuba bafika kwaye bathatyathwa basiwa kweyona ndawo ikude yelizwe apho abafazi babengavumelekanga ngamadoda abo ukuba babone oogqirha kuba oogqirha abaninzi babengamadoda. Kwaye xa bebona iqela laseCuba, elaliyi-60% yabasetyhini, i-40% yoogqirha abangamadoda, amadoda asekuhlaleni athi 'ah unogqirha ababhinqileyo; ningamagqirha, bathi, ewe, ewe, bathi, 'okay ungabona abafazi nanini na xa ufuna'. Kwabakho ubudlelwane obumangalisayo phakathi kwabo kwaye abafazi babonwabe kakhulu kwaye nabantwana babo kwaye ugqirha waseCuba wandixelela ukuba bathi kuthi, 'uvela phi nina bantu?' kwaye wathi, 'sivela eCuba'. 'Iphi loo nto?', kwaye wathi, 'sisiqithi esincinci kwiCaribbean' kwaye bathi, 'ngubani inkokeli yakho? Ndithetha ukuba ngubani/yintoni urhulumente'. Ngoko ke babelumkile kuba babekwimishini yonyango kodwa bathi, 'uyafuna ukubona umfanekiso kaFidel Castro oyinkokeli yethu' bathi 'ewe'. Ngoko babonisa umfanekiso kaCastro baza abafazi bathi, 'Thixo wam, unentshebe enjengaleyo banayo kulaa lali iikhilomitha ezingama-20 ukusuka apha, uyafuna ukuya kubona ezo ntshebe'. [ehleka]. Kodwa babechukumiseke ngendlela emangalisayo kwaye wonke amajelo eendaba ePakistan ayethetha ngento abayenzileyo, bathi asifuni ncedo kurhulumente, sifika neentente zethu, izixhobo zethu, into esiyifunayo zizinto esizifumana kuzo. sinokutshisa amanzi acocekileyo kwaye okuseleyo siya kukwenza; siza kuza namayeza ethu. Kwaye into yile enye ingongoma ephakamayo ukuba ngokungafaniyo neenkonzo zempilo ezakhiwe eNtshona Yurophu emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yesi-2 kuquka neNkonzo yezeMpilo yeSizwe, oorhulumente bala mazwe abazange baseke amashishini amayeza ukuncoma ezo nkonzo zempilo. Kwaye abakhange bacinge nzulu ngokubenza babe phantsi kwelizwe, kuba oko bekuya kuwahlisa amaxabiso amayeza kwaye akufuneki ukuba bahlawuliswe imigqaliselo kagqirha. Ke makhe size umzuzu kwisifundo owazi kakuhle-inkonzo yezempilo eBritane nakumazwe eManyano yaseYurophu, ndithetha ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kuloo Allyson? Yinto enye ukuthetha ngeAfrika kodwa kwenzeka ntoni kwiinkonzo zempilo eYurophu.
U-Allyson Pollock: Yintoni eyenzekayo ngoku eYurophu njengoko abantu abaninzi beyazi ukuba, sinemigaqo-nkqubo ye-neoliberal evela e-US zombini imboni yokhathalelo lwempilo e-US, eye yagqiba imali yaseMelika ngenxa yokuba ukhathalelo lwezempilo luqhuba malunga ne-18. , I-18% ye-GDP, xa kuthelekiswa ne-9 okanye i-10% ye-avareji eYurophu, ngoko abatyalo-mali bezempilo baseYurophu kufuneka bafumane iimarike ezintsha kwaye baxakeke bezama ukungena kwaye bavule iinkqubo zokunakekelwa kwempilo zaseYurophu. Kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo eyona ndebe inkulu kubo yi-United Kingdom NHS kuba yayilixesha elide eyona nto yayinentlalontle kuzo zonke iinkqubo zokhathalelo lwempilo. Ngoko ke sibe nonikezelo lwenkululeko; ke iSkotlani, iWales kunye neNgilani zonke zineenkonzo zabo zokhathalelo lwempilo kunye neSkotlani neWales ezincinci kakhulu, azifaki ngaphezu kwe-8 okanye i-9 yezigidi zabantu, ziye zagcina inkonzo yezempilo yesizwe kodwa eNgilani, abantu abaninzi abangayifuniyo. Ukuqaphela oku, iNgilani yabhangisa inkonzo yayo yezempilo yesizwe ngo-2012 ngoMthetho wezeMpilo kunye noNonophelo lweNtlalo. Into eseleyo ye-NHS ngumjelo wenkxaso-mali, okanye isibini sikarhulumente, kwaye i-NHS ngoku incitshisiwe yaba yi-logo kwaye into eyenziwa ngurhulumente ngoku kukukhawulezisa ukwaphulwa kwento eseleyo yenkonzo yezempilo yesizwe phantsi kobunini boluntu, ke ngoko. ukuvala izibhedlele, ukuvala iinkonzo kunye nokuthengisa izinto zabucala okanye ukwenza ikhontrakthi. Ke njengoko seva eLiberia naseGuinea malunga nendlela imihlaba kawonke-wonke edluliselwa ngayo njengeendawo ezivaliweyo kubanini babucala abavela phesheya, kwenzeka into efanayo ngeenkonzo zethu ze-pubic, izibhedlele zethu zikarhulumente, izibonelelo zethu zikarhulumente nazo zivalelwe ngendlela. kwaye inikezelwe kubatyali-mali babucala-ngenzuzo kwaye oku kwenzeka ngesantya esingaqhelekanga eNgilani. Ngokukhawuleza kunayo yonke indawo eYurophu. Kwaye le yiprojekthi enkulu yehlabathi ye-neoliberal, ukuba uyathanda.
UTariq Ali: Ukwenza impilo yabucala.
U-Allyson Pollock: Kulungile ukwenza abucala kungekuphela nje inkqubo yokhathalelo lwempilo kodwa kunye nenkxaso-mali ekugqibeleni. Ngoku e-US, ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha se-18% ye-GDP ngokwenene ihlawulwe ngurhulumente kodwa urhulumente ngokwenene ungumhlawuli werhafu kwaye emva koko atshintshe imali kwiinkampani zabucala zenzuzo. Urhulumente waseNgilani wawuphelisile umthetho wokhathalelo lwempilo noluntu kuba wayefuna ukuvula iindlela ezintsha zenkxaso-mali. Ngoko ifuna ukunciphisa inqanaba leenkonzo ezifumaneka esidlangalaleni, ukudala isimo sengqondo sokunganeliseki kunye ne-NHS, ukunyanzela abantu abaphakathi kweeklasi, oku kufana nawe kunye nam Ali, ukuba uhambe kwaye ngasese kwaye uhlawule okanye uphume epokothweni okanye kunye ne-inshurensi yethu yezempilo, ukuze sishiye, siphuma okushiyekileyo kodwa kwangaxeshanye urhulumente wehlisa onke amalungelo ethu kuba akusekho xanduva lokubonelela ngokhathalelo lwempilo jikelele. Lo msebenzi ubusebenza ukususela ngo-1948 wapheliswa ngowama-2012. Ngoko ke loo msebenzi ngoku uhambile kwaye ngoku urhulumente unokunciphisa zonke iimfanelo, ukunciphisa yonke into ekhoyo kwaye ngokunyuka kuya kufuneka sihlawule epokothweni okanye nangona i-inshurensi yezempilo yabucala. Kwaye ishishini le-inshorensi yempilo yabucala lilapha, lilapha liyi-US kwaye lizilungiselela ngokupheleleyo nezakhiwo ezitsha urhulumente azenzileyo ukuze angene kwi-inshurensi yempilo yabucala yenzuzo; yile nto siza kuyibona. Kwaye eneneni inkqubo entsha urhulumente ayibekayo imodeli yase-US kwaye okwangoku iya kuba yilahleko enkulu kwaye iya kuba yintlekele yezempilo yoluntu kuba oko kuya kuthetha ukuba uninzi, izigidi ezininzi ziya ngokuya zihamba ngaphandle kokukhathalelwa kwaye kunjalo. iimarike zenza abantu bangabonakali, bangabonakali. Akukho mntu owaziyo. Ugqirha ophambi kwakho ubona kuphela isigulane esiza kubo; ayiwaboni amashumi amawaka amaninzi abalelwa ukufikelela kukhathalelo lwempilo, yiyo loo nto e-US oogqirha bengaphumi esitratweni bekhankasela. Kodwa e-UK ogqirha baphume esitratweni bekhankasa, bayafaka, bamele ngoku kwiNational Health Alliance Party, ngoku babeka abagqatswa ukuba beme ngokuchasene nemibutho eqhelekileyo. Kwaye ke uyabona ukuba oogqirha basakulungele ukulwa nokhathalelo lwempilo jikelele kodwa xa i-NHS yethu ihambile ngokupheleleyo, iye yapheliswa, kodwa xa zonke iintsalela zihambile, kuya kufuneka usebenzise ukuhambelana komthi wom-oki. ziyaqhakaza kwaye zichume kodwa iingcambu zinqunyulwe kwaye oko kungathatha iinyanga okanye iminyaka emininzi ukuba ibole ngokupheleleyo.
UTariq Ali: Abasebenzi babeka isiseko sako xa babesemagunyeni.
UAllyson Pollock: Ngokuqinisekileyo. U-Alan Milburn unobhala wezeMpilo uyenzile le nto ngo-2000. Ngo-1997 urhulumente wezabasebenzi wayenethuba lakhe lokubuyisela umva imigaqo-nkqubo yokuthengiswa kwabucala kunye nokuthengisa, ukulahla inyathelo lemali yabucala kwaye babenoNobhala welizwe olungileyo kakhulu. uzimisele kwenye lontoโฆ.
UTariq Ali: uFrank Dobson?
UAllyson Pollock: UFrank Dobson. Kodwa bamlahla ngokukhawuleza kwaye endaweni yoko safumana u-Alan Milburn kunye nesicwangciso sakhe seminyaka elishumi kwaye ngoku uye waya kujoyina iinkampani zokhathalelo lwezempilo athe wancedisa ukuzenza. Kwaye ndiyathetha ukuba ndicinga ukuba le yintlekele njengokuba lo mthetho uyilwayo wawudlula epalamente ukuphelisa i-NHS, uninzi loontanga, kwaye uninzi lwamaLungu ePalamente babenongquzulwano lweminqweno kuba babenomdla kwiinkampani zokhathalelo lwempilo ababeziseka.
UTariq Ali: Kukothuka ngokwenene. Kwaye uMilburn ngokwakhe ungomnye wabo.
U-Allyson Pollock: Ewe, yimpatho yedemokhrasi, injalo kwaye njengogqirha wezempilo yoluntu yintlekele enkulu kuba okwangoku siyazi, abantu bayo yonke iminyaka, abanezigulo ezinzulu zengqondo abangakwaziyo ukufikelela kukhathalelo lwempilo, abantu abane-stroke, abantu abanezigulo ezinganyangekiyo, izifo ezinganyangekiyo eziya zisanda ukwalelwa ukufikelela kukhathalelo lwempilo kwaye bangamazwi entlango, abaviwa ngenxa yokuba akukho ndlela idibeneyo yokuba baphinde baviwe. Kwaye oogqirha nabongikazi baphelelwe lithemba ngokupheleleyo. Ngoku sinaso isisombululo; oogxa bam sibhale umthetho oyilwayo wokubuyiselwa kwe-NHS esinethemba lokuba naliphi na iqela eliza kulawulo, baya kuqhuba nalo ukubuyisela i-NHS, ke kukho isisombululo phaya, esibhalwe kwaye sibhaliwe kwaye silungile, esiya kubuyisela kwaye ukubuyisela i-NHS.
UTariq Ali: Ngaba kusemthethweni ngokugqibeleleyo ukwenza inzuzo enkulu kwiimfuno ezisisiseko zabantu abaqhelekileyo?
UAllyson Pollock: Ewe kwizifo zabantu kunye nezifo zabantu. Kulungile yaqala ngeshishini loxubo-mayeza kunye nemveliso yesitofu sokugonya, kwamkelekile ngokugqibeleleyo ukwenza ingeniso kubo, ngoko kutheni singahambanga ngoku siye kwenza ingeniso ngokugula kunye nokhathalelo. Kodwa ke i-NHS yaseNgilani yasekwa, ukuba iphinde yabiwe. Ixhaswa ngemali ngokurhafiswa, okujongwe ukuba ibe nenkqubela kwaye imali yenzelwe ukuhamba ngokwemfuno. Kodwa into esiqala ukuyibona ngoku kukuba imali iya kuhamba ngokweemfuno zabaninizabelo hayi izigulane, kwaye yinkxalabo yokwenyani leyo. Kanjalo. Konke kuxhomekeke kwintando yezopolitiko. Yonke into inokubuyiselwa umva kodwa yehla kwezopolitiko, kwidemokhrasi kunye nabantu bavakalisa amazwi abo.
UTariq Ali: Kuvunyiwe.
Allyson Pollock ngunjingalwazi wophando lwempilo yoluntu kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo kwiYunivesithi yaseQueen Mary yaseLondon.
UTariq Ali ngulo mbhali I-Obama Syndrome (Verso).
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela