Incwadi yokuqala kaDunbar-Ortiz, Isizwe Esikhulu SaseSioux: Imbali Yomlomo yeSizwe saseSioux kunye noMzabalazo waso woBungangamsha, yanikezelwa njengoxwebhu olusisiseko kwinkomfa yokuqala yezizwe ngezizwe yamaIndiya aseMelika, eyayibanjwe ngo-1977 kwikomkhulu le-UN eGeneva. , Swizalend. Kwiminyaka ukusukela oko, uye waqhubeka ebhala imisebenzi enxulumene nemizabalazo yemveli yokuzimela kunye nezopolitiko zendawo nomhlaba. Kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, ubhale i-trilogy yeememo ezidumileyo-Ukungcola okuBomvu: Ukukhula kwe-Okie, i-Oullaw Woman: Isikhumbuzo seminyaka yeMfazwe, i-1960-1975, kunye neGazi kumda: iMemoir ye-Contra War. Ngoncedo luka-Alexis Shotwell, uChris Dixon wenza udliwano-ndlebe noDunbar-Ortiz ngoMatshi ka-2008.
Uyichaza njani ipolitiki yakho?
Ewe, andisazi ngoku malunga neenkcazo ezihambelanayo. Ndiyaqhubeka โ ikakhulu ngenxa yenkani โ ukuzibiza ngokuba ndingumntu kaMarxist. Ndisacinga ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina ingqalelo kwi-capitalism kunye nokubaluleka kokuhlalutya kweklasi. Kungaloo ngqiqo ukuba ndisanikela imbeko kubuMarxism. Kufana nokuba bendiyingcali yefiziksi. Zonke iingcali zefiziksi ngabantu baseNewton. Ngabantu baseNewton kunye nayo yonke into eyalandelayo, kodwa bebengayi kuba neentloni ngaloo nto. Olu luhlobo lwetyala endilivayo ngakuMarx, owacacisa indima yenkunzi. Kufuneka sakhe phezu koko, singayilibali. Ndicinga ukuba ilibele kakhulu kwiintshukumo zethu zentlalo, okanye ingaqwalaselwanga kwasekuqaleni. Kwinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-anti-globalization movement kwakukho ukungaqondi kakuhle malunga neyona nto yokwenene yongxowankulu. Ngokwenkcazo yayo i-capitalism yehlabathi jikelele, kwaye umanyano lwamazwe ngamazwe sisigaba esitsha sobukapitali. Kukho lo mbono wokuba, ngaphambi kwanamhlanje, bekukho capitalism yobuntu. Intsingiselo ikukuba ukubuya kwelo xesha kwakuya kubeka ubuso bomntu kubungxowankulu kuze kuphelise ezi zinto zimbi zisandulโ ukuvela. Ndicinga ukuba iye yadodobalisa ukukhula kwabantu kwezopolitiko, ubuncinci
Ndikhe ndalithanda igama elithi "socialism" kuba lihlala lithathwa lithetha "idemokhrasi yobusoshiyali" kunye "nenkululeko". Le nto ndithetha ngayo ifana neqela elidala le-US Socialist Party, elalinenguqu nedemokhrasi. Yayingenayo imiba yeLeninism eyathi ingenademokhrasi. Kwaye, ewe, ndiziva ndinezopolitiko ezinzulu kakhulu zobufazi, ngoko ke ndihlala ndizichaza njengeMarxist-feminist okanye i-feminist-Marxist. Ngokubhekiselele kwi-anarchism, ndichonga ngakumbi nge-anarcho-syndicalism, kodwa ligama eligcweleyo kangangokuba lihlala lifuna ingcaciso. Ukuba ndihlala kwi-1870s, 1880s okanye i-1890s, ndiza kuzibiza ngokuba yi-anarchist okanye i-anarcho-syndicalist. Kodwa, ngaphandle kokuba ukwisangqa esazi i-anarchism, kunzima ukusebenzisa elo gama ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ngokwenene abantu abanxulumanisa neziphithiphithi kunye nesiphithiphithi, ukungahambi kakuhle, kunye nokunye okunjalo.
Akukho lula ukuchaza ipolitiki yomntu kwakhona kwaye ndicinga ukuba yinto entle leyo. Bekukade kulula. Enye yeengxaki zethu kukucalulana-ukuchaza ipolitiki yomntu ngokusondeleyo kangangokuba isekelwe ekukhutshelweni ngaphandle. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abantu abasebenzisa amagama athi "izopolitiko ezibandakanyayo" okanye "i-socialism" badla ngokuthetha ipolitiki enamanzi angenayo inguquko. Ke, ndicinga ukuba kulungile ukuba ungabinayo inkcazo emfutshane ngolo hlobo. Ndikhetha ukuzibiza ngokuba ndingumvukeli.
Ingaba ukubandakanyeka kwakho ixesha elide kwimizabalazo yemveli kuyichaphazela njani indlela ocinga ngayo ngezopolitiko zakho?
Mhlawumbi ndinokuqonda okwahluke kakhulu kwi-impiriyalizim ngenxa yokubandakanyeka kwam kwintshukumo yemveli, ngakumbi kwi
Ndandisele ndikhulele kwinqanaba elithile kwezopolitiko ngaphambi kokuba ndibandakanyeke kwimibutho yabemi bomthonyama, kodwa ngokwenene yayiguqula ipolitiki yam. Ngenxa yeMfazwe yaseVietnam kunye nezifundo zam zaseLatin America namava, ndandisele ndisazi ngama impiriyali. Ndandicinga ukuba ndiyibethelele phantsi. Kwaye, kuba andizange ndenze
Intshukumo yemveli yabonakala ngakumbi kwiminyaka embalwa kamva. Ndafakwa ngamandla kumbutho wesintu. Yayingeyiyo nje iNtshukumo yamaIndiya aseMelika. YayikwayiNgcali eziMhlophe zoXolo, inyathelo le-Mohawk elisuka e-Akwesasne. Baye baqesha abantu baseIndiya abancinci. Bekusenzeka naphakathi
Enye yeenkokeli zeWhite Roots of Peace yayiyindoda yaseTuscarora egama linguMad Bear Anderson. Yena nabanye kwelo qela behla bangena
Ufake isandla epokothweni yakhe engasemva wakhupha lo mfanekiso nanko ebambene ngengalo noFidel Castro noChe Guevara. Wayehambise izixhobo kubavukeli baseCuba. Ndathi, "Kulungile, ngena!" Wangena ngaloo ndlela entliziyweni yam nasendlwini yam. Wazama ukundizisa kumbutho womthonyama, kodwa ndamgatya ngokupheleleyo. Ndathi, "Ndicinga ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu, kodwa ndiya kwelinye icala kwaye andinakuthatha ixesha." Saxoxa malunga nexesha eliza kuthatha ukwenza i-revolution, malunga nendlela engenakunyanzeliswa ngayo kunye nendlela ixesha elimele libe ngayo. Kwakhona wayesebenza phantsi
Kamva, ngowe-1973, ndathabatheka ngumsebenzi e
Ndaziva ngathi ndibuyele kwiqela, kodwa yayiyindawo eyahlukileyo. Ndaziva ndikhululekile apho kwaye ndiyaqonda ukuba inxalenye yayo yayikukuqala ukuba ndibe kumbutho apho wonke umntu wayephuma kwimvelaphi yabasebenzi. Yayingaqhelekanga. Nangona ndandiququzelela abasebenzi, amaqabane am onke ayephuma kudidi oluphakathi. Kwafuneka ndingene kwintlangano yamaIndiya ukuze ndidibanise nentshukumo yabasebenzi abasuka kwimvelaphi efanayo neyam. Ucinga ngobutshantliziyo baseIndiya njengendawo yokwenyani esoteric. Kunoko, ndafumana abantu ababenemvelaphi eqhelekileyo ehlwempuzekileyo okanye yabasebenzi endandinokunxibelelana nabo kumgangatho endingazange ndikwazi ukuwufikelela kwiminyaka yam elishumi edlulileyo yezobupolitika. Kuvele kwandihlaziya.
Usebenze kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo kakhulu - ukusuka kumaqela afihlakeleyo kunye nokwakheka kwangaphambili kweqela ukuya kwi-feminism, i-academic left, kunye nezopolitiko zemveli. Singaludala njani unxibelelwano phakathi kwezo ntlobo zezithuba xa kuhlala kukho iyantlukwano enkulu ngokweenjongo, izenzo, kunye neenkcubeko?
Ngaba bekungayi kuba nomdla ukuphuhlisa intetho yentshukumo apho umanyano lokwakha lusekwe ekwenzeni iintetho endaweni yengxoxo-mpikiswano? Ndithatha oku kwisimbo somthonyama sentetho. Akukho ncoko yababini. Umntu ngamnye uyaphakama enze ingxelo. Usenokungavumelani nezinto ezininzi abazithethileyo, kodwa uyakuhlonipha kwaye uyathetha. Anijongani kwaye nixabane omnye nomnye. Kolu hlobo lwentetho, usenokweyiseka yintetho yomnye umntu ngoxa, ukuba uyaphikisana naye, usenokuqaqadeka kwisimo sakho endaweni yokuphulaphula nokuthabatha oko unako.
Maxa wambi uqheliselo lweZizwe Ezimanyeneyo luhambisana nolo hlobo lwentetho yomthonyama. Abantu benza iingxelo kwaye anixabanisi omnye nomnye. Kwaye emva koko uyakhupha kwaye uqokelele konke oko kuxwebhu lokugqibela. Kwaye ndiyazibuza ukuba siza kuthetha ngantoni. Olu hlobo aluthethi ukuba konke esikwenzayo. Kodwa xa sizama ukwakha umanyano, ngawaphi amanqaku omanyano esinokuwachitha? Sifanele sisebenze kwezo zinto size sakhe ukuthembana.
Oko kubonakala kukhumbuza iZapatista umbuzo indlela yokumisela iimeko apho abantu banikezela ngeengxelo ezisekelwe kumava abo, ukulwa, kunye nezopolitiko - kungekhona ngendlela yokulwa, kodwa ngeendlela ezenza uhlobo oluthile lwe-synthesis kunye nesiseko sobunye.
Ifundisa intlonipho. Uqala ukufunda intlonipho kunokuba ukhuphele nje umnxeba wokuba sihloniphane. Ukuba useta isixhobo esinentlonipho eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi, sisebenza. Ndithatha inxaxheba kwiqela lokufunda kwindawo yaseSan Francisco Bay ebizwa ngokuba yi
Iqaliswe kakhulu ngabantu bebala. Iqela elicwangcisiweyo elenziwe kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo lalifuna ukuhlanganisa iqela elibanzi labantu abanomgangatho olungileyo wobumbano lwezopolitiko kunye nokuqhelaniswa nokwakhiwa kwentshukumo emsebenzini wabo. Bamema abantu abangaphezu kwe-100 baza bayivulela abanye ukuba aba bantu bafuna ukubamema ukuba nje bevumelana neengongoma zomanyano nemilinganiselo. Abathathi-nxaxheba kufuneka ibe ngama-75 epesenti abantu abebala, ubuncinci bangama-60 epesenti yabasetyhini, kwaye uninzi lwabafazi. Ngaphandle koko, akukho zithintelo. Baye benza imodeli elungileyo apho banamaqela amancinci okulungiselela kwaye bakhethe inkqubo yokufunda yonyaka wonke. Kubonakala ngathi idemokhrasi kakhulu. Akukho ajenda efihliweyo kuyo, kodwa abanye abantu bathemba ngokuphandle ukuba oku kunokukhokelela kwintsebenziswano esebenzayo yabaququzeleli abanokuthi benze isiseko sohlobo oluthile lombutho. Bayishiya loo nto ivulekileyo ukuze babone apho iya khona.
Iqela lophononongo ikakhulu liqulunqwe ngabantu abancinci abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40, uninzi lwabo lungaphantsi kweminyaka engama-30. Kukho imbeko enkulu kakhulu. Bangumzekelo ngokwenene. Ndiyayivuyela into enokuphuma kuloo nto. Lixabiso eliphantsi, umzamo wokuzithandela ngokupheleleyo kubantu abazimiseleyo ukuzinikela ekwenzeni umsebenzi omninzi kwaye babone ukuba yintoni enokuphuma kuwo. Ndiyathemba ukuba oko kuthetha ukuba le modeli iya kusasazeka, kwaye ndicinga ukuba mhlawumbi kunjalo. Ezinye izinto ezifanayo ziyenzeka kwezinye iindawo. Ndicinga ukuba i-Zapatistas ibethe kakhulu. Abantu babeqonda ukuba kukho into apha ekufuneka sifunde kuyo. Ngandlelโ ithile, ubuncinci kwiNdawo yeBay, eli qela lokufunda lelinye lamalinge okuqala anesazela sokusebenzisa ezinye zezinto endizibonileyo.
Kubonakala ngathi imodeli enokusetyenziswa ngabanye.
Ewe, kwaye kuhle ukuba iqaliswe ngaba bantu bancinci. Ngamanye amaxesha xa thina bantu badala siqala izinto, siye sixhonywe kwimiba kunye neenkxalabo ezingasasebenziyo. Bendinexhala ngenene ngeli qela โ ukuba linokuba ngabaphezulu njani okanye lizame ukuzenza njengeqela leqela. Andiqondi ukuba kuya kuba njalo. Baza kuba neengxaki zabo, kodwa aziyi kufana nangaphambili.
Ndicinga ukuba balumke kakhulu malunga nobudlelwane. Obu bubuthathaka obukhulu kwiminyaka yamashumi amathandathu. Sasingenabubele ngokwenene omnye komnye. Ndicinga ukuba kwakungathi siziva ngathi kufuneka siqinise omnye komnye kumlo esasikuwo. Sasicinga ukuba asinokoyiswa. Abasetyhini bekulindeleke ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwesi simbo sobudoda nabo, kwaye loo nto yayingabandakanyi abasetyhini abaninzi, abahenda, kunye namadoda aneentloni kakhulu. Asizange sithathele ingqalelo ubudlelwane boluntu kunye nohlobo loluntu esingathanda ukulibona nzulu ngokwaneleyo kwaye asikwazanga ukwakha oko kubudlelwane bethu bemihla ngemihla omnye komnye. Besingabonisi imodeli enomtsalane kakhulu, kodwa besicinga ukuba singamagorha ngokwenene.
Ke, xa iifeminists zaqala ukulungelelanisa ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo, sakhula ngokukhawuleza. Oko, ndiyacinga, yenye into eye yazuzwa ngaba bantu bancinci. Ihlala ihlaziya kakhulu-kwaye ndihlala ndimangalisiwe-xa ndisiya entlanganisweni kwaye ndinolindelo lwam oludala oluceliweyo. Ndimele ndibamamele ngokwenene abanye abafazi abavakalelwa kukuba kusekho iingxaki, nokuba bancinci kakhulu kunokuba babenjalo ngaphambili.
Kwakuqheleke ukuba ngqwabalala, apho omnye umfana wayevele athi, "thula bitch, uthetha kakhulu." Akukho mntu unokuthi acinge ngolu hlobo lwe-sexism ecacileyo ngoku. Kodwa iphuma ngezinye iindlela. Abasetyhini kufuneka badibane kwaye bajongane nayo xa kuyimfuneko.
Ngenxa yokuba i-US kunye neKhanada zombini zalile ukusayina kwiSibhengezo seZizwe eziManyeneyo malunga namaLungelo abantu beMveli ngoSeptemba 2007, luthini uvavanyo lwakho malunga nemeko yangoku yomzabalazo wemveli eMntla Melika?
Ewe, oko kunokuba yintsikelelo ngokufihlakeleyo. I
Kunzima ukuba abanye baqonde ukuba ibaluleke kangakanani loo mpumelelo. Ndicinga ukuba kunzima kakhulu kwabanye abaphembeleli kwiintshukumo zentlalo ukuba baqonde ingcamango yolongamo. Banokuqonda ubuzwe baseLatin America - ukongamela
Ndicinga ukuba umbutho wemveli waphuhla ngeendlela ezininzi ngexesha lomzabalazo owakhokelela kwiSibhengezo. Enye into, yaqalwa ukusuka emazantsi. Kwakhona kwaphuma kwi-American Indian Movement, eyazalwa phakathi kwentlangano yentlalo kwaye yayibalulekile ekufakeni i-galvanizing kunye nokuqondisa. Phakathi
Ngentshukumo yemveli, ndicinga ukuba kukho ulwazi olukhulayo lokuba kukho into eyenzekayo ekufuneka abantu bafunde ngayo. Asikhange sibe nobuchule kakhulu ekuyiguquleleni; ukubaleka nje kumava e-UN kwaye ufumanise ukuba kuthetha ukuthini ngokubonakalayo ekuququzeleleni nasekuhlanganiseni ndawonye umanyano. Imibutho emininzi eyahlukahlukeneyo - amaMohawks, amaLakota, amaNavajo - phantse akukho nto afana ngayo ngaphandle nje kokulawulwa lithanga elinye. Kakade ke, lo ngumzekelo womanyano abantu abanokukhangela kuwo. Bakwenza njani oko? Isebenze njani? Yaye kutheni iye yaphumelela? Kufuneka sifunde indlela yokuguqulela ngcono oko kwizifundo ezinokufundwa. Kufuneka sijonge ukuba zingasetyenziswa njani kwiintshukumo zentlalo ngaphandle kokutsala abantu kwi-UN ukuba bahambe kwinkqubo efanayo.
Enye yezinto esinikela ubungqina kuzo
Ndilandela indawo yokuhlala yase-Israeli ye-West Bank kuba apho sibona inkqubo iqhubeka phambi kwamehlo ethu kwaye siyayazi indlela engenakuguquleka ngayo xa ubomi bamakholoniyali bugrunjwe nzulu kwaye buneengcambu. Usizi lomntu sisiphumo. Abantu basePalestina banyanzelwa ukuba babe namava oku.
Kwi
I-1934 Indian Reorgation Act e-US yagunyazisa ukuba, xa indawo yabucala eyayikade ingumhlaba wamaIndiya ithe yathengiswa, iBureau yemicimbi yamaNdiya yanyanzeleka ukuba izame ukuyithengela isizwe samaIndiya. Ezinye zazo zaphunyezwa kwiintsuku zokuqala. Yaqala ukwandisa iiparameters zogcino, kodwa yamiswa ngenxa yokuba
Kukho uhlobo lomgaqo owamkelweyo phakathi kwabantu bomthonyama kwi
Kutshanje, bekukho ungquzulwano kwiZizwe eziNtathu malunga neCaledonia emazantsi
Phantsi kongxowankulu, abaphuhlisi banomdla wokudala abathengi abaya kuthenga ipropati ephuhlisiweyo. Kwaye awunakunqanda ngokwenene abantu beZizwe eziThathu ukuba baxhathise. Ngoko ke, ndicinga ukuba kufuneka kubekho ukuzimisela ukulungelelanisa. Oko akuthethi ukuba abahlali kufuneka bahambe baze babuyele apho babevela khona, kodwa kufuneka banike imbeko ethile kwaye bangacingi nje ukuba bakhululekile ukwenza nantoni na abayifunayo. Oku kuthetha ukulungelelanisa kuluntu olumhlophe - okanye ubuncinci ukulwahlula, ukufumana ukwahlulahlula ngokwesizukulwana okanye ngandlela thile kwahlulwe - ukuze ingabi yiIndiya ngokuchasene nabamhlophe. Kufuneka kubekho umahluko phakathi kwabamhlophe malunga nendlela yokujongana nale nto ukuze ibe yingxabano yangaphakathi kwaye babe nenkqubo yokufunda.
Akukho mfundo yenkululeko iya kuqhubeka ukuba nje isenzo siwela kwiipatheni zobuhlanga zokongama kwabamhlophe. Kukho into ekufuneka igqobhoze. Abahlali kufuneka baxakeke ngokuququzelela, kwaye kungekhona nje ngabantu abachasene nobuhlanga. Yeka ukuzilungiselela ulwimi olugqibeleleyo. Phuma kwaye uthethe nabantu abaqhelekileyo ngembali yokwenyani ye
Ndicinga ukuba kuphela kwempendulo kuba amaIndiya anzima ukuququzelela abantu abamhlophe okanye ukudala umfelandawonye ngaphandle kokuba kukho iqela lokuzimanya nalo. Ndiyazi ukuba yahluke kakhulu, kuba abamnyama baninzi, kodwa
Ngasekupheleni kwe Umfazi ongekho mthethweni, uthetha malunga nokuba nayiphi na iprojekthi yokuguqulwa okukhulu kufuneka ibuyele "kwimvelaphi yeentsomi" zombuso kunye nendlela nayiphi na intshukumo engahambelani nezo ntsomi ilinganiselwe. Ziziphi iimpembelelo zaloo mbono yeentshukumo kwi
Ingcaciso yobuxoki yile nto umbhali omhlophe ochasene nocalucalulo eMzantsi Afrika uAndre Brink adlala nayo kwincwadi yakhe. Isenzo Sobugrogrisi. Yintoni echasene nenyaniso? Sicinga ngokukhawuleza "ubuxoki." Kodwa ngesiGrike, isichasi senyaniso kukulibala. Le yinto efihlakeleyo kakhulu. Leliphi inyathelo olithathayo ukuthetha inyani? Kukulibala. Oko kunentsingiselo ngokwenene kum. Asikuko ukuba intsomi yemvelaphi bubuxoki; yinkqubo yokulibala ukuba yeyona ngxaki.
Abantu abasekhohlo ngamanye amaxesha bathi akunakwenzeka ukuba ulungelelanise ukulibala, kwaye oko kuyandidandathekisa ngokwenene. Ndingabaququzelela njani abasebenzi? Ndingamququzelela njani umntu ngaphandle kokuthanda izwe? Ndicinga ukuba iimbono ezichasayo zobuhlanga ngamanye amaxesha zigqwethekile ngenxa yokuba umbuzo wokwenyani kukuba i-Irish yaba njani iMelika kunye nendlela amaYuda aba ngayo eMelika. Ewe, kukho ubungangamsha obumhlophe, kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba abantu bebala abanako ukufumana iMelika. Emva koko kuya kubakho abantu baseMelika kuphela abagibisela amatye kule ndlu inkulu "yomanyano lwesizwe." Iimanyano ngaphandle kokulibala engundoqo aziyi kuhamba naphi na ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ke, yingxaki, kodwa kufuneka sifumane indlela. Kufuneka sifumane iindlela zokudlula entabeni. Kufuneka siyifumane loo pasi ukuze sidlule kuyo.
Ndicinga ukuba kukho uhlobo lobuvila olukhokelela abantu ukuba bathi, "kunzima kakhulu." Kwaye kunzima. Ndicinga ukuba ukuba abaququzeleli banokuzivumela ukuba bacinge oku kwaye bavume, bayakuqala ukufumana iindlela zokuthetha ngayo. Ndicinga ukuba kunzima kakhulu kwi-abstract ukuthetha ukuba kufuneka uthethe ngayo. Kuthetha ukulungelelanisa abasebenzi abamhlophe. Akukho mbuzo nje ngayo. Kufuneka siyenze nje. Kudala sizama ukuyiphepha ixesha elide. Bangabathwali bamabali emvelaphi kunye nabantu abatyale imali kakhulu kubo, ngakumbi inzala yabahlali bokuqala. Kodwa ndicinga ukuba ukuzibophelela ekufumaneni imbali ngqo kufuneka kuze kuqala. Ukuba uzama ukutshintsha uluntu kwaye awuyazi imbali yalo, awusoze ufike ndawo.
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