I-LONDON - Ingcali kumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe kunye nomhlobo omdala wabantu basePalestina wandibhalela ngokubandezeleka okukhulu emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuba uMongameli wasePalestina uMahmoud Abbas kunye noNdunankulu u-Ismael Haniyeh baxelwe ukuba bafikelele kwisivumelwano ngoSeptemba 11 ukwenza urhulumente wobumbano kazwelonke. Umxholo womyalezo wakhe wawusoyikisa, ngakumbi uphuma kwisifundiswa saseMelika esineenjongo ezibandakanyekileyo ekuyilweni kwamaxwebhu elizwe lasePalestina elidlulileyo. โAbantu basePalestina babemiselwa,โ yayiyeyona ntsingiselo isisiseko yesigidimi sakhe. Ukwazi ukuba kutheni, nantsi intwana yomxholo.
Isibhengezo sasePalestina sokuzimela kwe-1988 e-Algeria sakhiwe ngendlela eya kuvumela iKomiti eLawulayo ye-Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) ukuba iqulunqe umgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle, ngaloo ndlela imele abantu basePalestina kuyo nayiphi na indawo yokuhlala kunye noSirayeli. Ukutyikitywa kweziVumelwano ze-Oslo ngoSeptemba 1993 kwaye ukuya phambili kwathotywa umsebenzi weKomiti eLawulayo kwaye ekugqibeleni kwajongela phantsi ukungeniswa kwe-PLO ngokupheleleyo, kugxininiswe amandla ezandleni zabambalwa kulawulo lweGunyabantu lasePalestine (PA): abangasekhoyo. Umongameli uYasser Arafat kunye neqela leekontraka zoshishino kunye nabafuduki benguquko-mbuso bajike babenza inzuzo ngexesha lemfazwe.
Loo ndibaniselwano yatshabalalisa impumelelo yemvukelo yokuqala yasePalestine ka-1987-1993 ngendlela uSirayeli awayenokuphupha ngayo kuphela: Yaqinisa intlalo yodidi olwalusele ikho, yatshabalalisa umanyano lwesizwe oluchukumisayo olwaphunyezwa bubunkokheli obusekwe ePalestina yamaqela awohlukeneyo, yaqweqwedisa abantu. umzabalazo, ukuyinciphisa ibe zizilogeni nje, kwaye yonakalise intembeko yePalestine kwingingqi nakumazwe ngamazwe. U-Israyeli, ewe, wayewonwabele lo mboniso, njengoko abantu basePalestine babexabana ngokungapheliyo nanjengoko ukhuseleko lwe-PA luqhuba uhlaselo lwemihla ngemihla nxamnye nabo bachasa iindlela zoburhulumente, bezama ngamandla ukubonisa ukufaneleka kwabo kwa-Israyeli kunye ne-United States.
I-PA, yona ngokwayo ilulwakhiwo lwezopolitiko lweeblocs ezahlukeneyo ze-Fatah, yayinesabelo sayo sokuxabana, esiphelela kwimilo yasesitalatweni kunye nokubulawa kwabantu. U-Abbas, ngoko, wayenoluvo lokuba ukuba uArafat uyala ukwabelana ngolawulo, ingxabano ye-Fatah yayiza kucaphuka kwaye inokukhokelela kurhulumente ongaphumeleliyo. Bobabini i-US kunye no-Israel bamxhasa u-Abbas, ngokungeyomfuneko ngenxa yedemokhrasi yakhe, kodwa ngethemba lokuba u-Abbas uya kunikela "imvumelwano" yezopolitiko eseleyo u-Arafat engazange ayenze, isono esadla u-Arafat inkululeko yakhe kwiminyaka yakhe yamva.
Kodwa iziganeko kuMbindi Mpuma zihlala zivelisa okwahlukileyo koko i-US kunye no-Israyeli bayityhala. Nangona u-Abbas wonyulwa njengomongameli kwiinyanga ezimbalwa emva kokusweleka kuka-Arafat ngoNovemba ka-2004, wayefuna ukuba semthethweni kwezopolitiko ukuze axoxe okanye aphinde axoxe ngamalungelo asePalestina kunye noSirayeli. Elo themba labhangiswa lunyulo lwePalamente kaJanuwari 2006, olwathi lwezisa urhulumente okhokelwa yiHamas kwiinyanga ezimbini kamva. I-US, iYurophu kunye neCanada zaphendula ngongqingo lwezoqoqosho olungenabuntu, kunye nesithembiso sokohlwaya nabani na onesibindi sokunceda uqoqosho lwasePalestina nangayiphi na indlela. Benikezela kuxinzelelo, nabamelwane bama-Arabhu bancedisa ekuqinisekiseni ungqingo olungqingqwa. Abanye e-Fatah babonakala bezimisele ukuqinisekisa ukuwa kukarhulumente nokuba kuhlawulelwa abantu basePalestina abaqhelekileyo. IGaza ebizwa ngokuba yinkululeko, kanye
enethemba lokuba lilitye lembombo lenkululeko yasePalestina, yajikwa ngabom yaba liziko lokuchasโ umthetho nogonyamelo, apho imipu eqeshiweyo yayilawula ezitratweni, isoyikisa ukhuseleko lwabantu abasele betyunyuziwe.
Izidumbu zasePalestine zonyuswe ngemizimba xa u-Israel wakhulula ngokungenabuchule ebizwa ngokuba yiMvula yaseHlotyeni, uhlaselo olumandla lwasemkhosini olwabulala abantu abangama-291 basePalestine kwiinyanga zikaJulayi nango-Agasti kuphela. Imfazwe yecala elinye ekhohlakeleyo yayifanelekile kuluntu lwase-Israel njengenzame zokunceda uluntu ukusindisa ubomi bukaGilad Shalit, ijoni lakwa-Israeli elabanjwa ngoJuni ngamagorha asePalestina anqwenela ukufaka uxinzelelo kuSirayeli ukuze anciphise ungqingo lwezoqoqosho olubulalayo.
Abantu basePalestine, nangona babebethwa kwaye bediniwe - benqatshelwe imivuzo, bangqingwe ngokwasemzimbeni, bebodwa ngokwezopolitiko - babezama ngamandla ukukhusela ukhetho lwabo lwedemokhrasi. Umba ngelo xesha wawusele udlulele kuleyo yeHamas, iFatah kunye neeyantlukwano zabo ngokweengcamango, ukuya kutsho kwelo lizwe lingavumiyo ukuzenzela ukhetho lwalo, lokukhetha abameli balo kwaye libaphendulise.
Kodwa iHamas, nayo, yayifunda ubunyani oburhabaxa bokuba kwisikhundla sobunkokeli. Ngokungafaniyo ne-Arafat, i-Hamas yayifuna ukufuna inkxaso kwindawo yayo yama-Arabhu kunye namaSilamsi, izivumelwano zobuchule ezingachazwanga ezijongelwa phantsi kukuthembela kwe-PA kwiNtshona. Kodwa neHamas ngokwayo yayibonakala ingabuqondi ubungakanani bobuthathaka kunye nokunqongophala kwezopolitiko kwama-Arabhu namaSilamsi, awayengenako ukumisela amalungelo awo, ngakumbi nalawo amaPalestina. I-Hamas yafunda, ngendlela enzima, ukuba ubudlelwane be-US kunye no-Israyeli ayinakuze ibe buthathaka nokuba isizwe siphela kufuneka silambe kwaye izibhedlele ziphelelwe liyeza elifuneka kakhulu. Eso sifundo sinzima kwezopolitiko sokwenyani siso urhulumente wasePalestine angxamele ukusifunda, phakathi konxunguphalo kunye nokubhideka.
Kwakuphakathi kwalo mxholo apho uAbbas noHaniyeh bahlanganisana kwiingxoxo ezinzulu ukuze benze urhulumente womdibaniso. U-Abbas - kunye noFatah oqhelekileyo emva kwakhe - kufuneka baqonde ukuba i-Hamas inzima ngakumbi, iyanda inkxaso yayo ethandwayo, ngaloo ndlela ijongela phantsi amathuba kaFatah okubuyisela kwezopolitiko. Nangona i-Hamas ibize urhulumente wobumbano lwesizwe kwasekuqaleni, yenze njalo ikwisikhundla esinamandla, kunye nekratshi lokuzikhukhumeza. Ngoku urhulumente womanyano lwesizwe kuphela kwesixhobo sakhe esiya kwihlabathi: ngaphandle kwakhe, nokubakho kwakhe, njengentlangano yezopolitiko efanelekileyo, okanye ukuphumeza naziphi na iinjongo zakhe ezibhengeziweyo zikhuselekile njengoko kubonakala kubushushu boloyiso. Ngaphezu koko, isizukulwana sabantwana abangondlekanga sijamelene nengxaki enkulu yokunceda uluntu; kukho into ekufuneka yenziwe.
Kodwa phakathi kokungxamela ukwenza urhulumente, imibuzo ephambili ayizukubekwa phantsi: Ngubani oza kuthetha egameni labantu basePalestine kumazwe ngamazwe? Ngubani oza kuqulunqa i-ajenda yabo yomgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle? Kwaye ngubani oya kuphathiswa umsebenzi wokukhusela okanye ukuphinda ahlaziywe isigxina sabo selizwe-ilungelo lababaleki lokubuyela, ukuphela kokuhlala kwamaSirayeli, ukugcina amalungelo abo amanzi, ukususwa kwazo zonke iindawo zokuhlala, imida, njl. Ngaba iya kuba ngu-Abbas, usihlalo we-PLO, okanye ibhunga lezomthetho elinyuliweyo kunye norhulumente?
Le ngxubakaxaka ibingunobangela wonxunguphalo kumhlobo wam, kwaye kufanele ukuba kuye nabani na onqwenela ukubona uxolo lokwenyani noluhlala luhleli. Ukuba nakuphi na ukuzinza ngoxolo kuyasilela ukuthobela ingqikelelo yedemokhrasi, ngokutsho amaPalestina anqwenela ukuzilawula, amaPalestina kufuneka azilungiselele esinye isivumelwano sendlela yase-Oslo, esinyanzeliswe phezulu kunye nerabha egxininiswe yiKomiti Elawulayo ye-PLO, ekudala ingenawo. imigaqo yayo yedemokhrasi kwaye ilawulwa ngabambalwa ababalaseleyo.
Nam, ndinexhala. Amava edemokhrasi yasePalestine akufuneki aphinde abhuqwe.
-Incwadi yakutshanje kaRamzy Baroud: "I-Intifada yesiBini yasePalestina: Imbali yoMzabalazo waBantu" (iPluto Press, eLondon) ngoku ikhona.
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Nikela