Xa usilwa imfazwe kwizikolo zikarhulumente, uhlasela udaka olugcina uluntu kunye. Awungomntu ogcina isimilo, umonakalisi.โ -UGarrison Keeler
Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweZikolo zikaRhulumente zaseChicago (CPS) luka-2013 lufumene uobhontsi oluvakalayo kwiforam yasekuhlaleni eyayibanjelwe eMalcolm X College kwiWest Side ngobusuku bukaJulayi 11. Bangaphezu kwama-200 abantu ababezalise iholo yokumamela ingcaciso yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali oluvela kwiNtloko yeSebe. Igosa uTim Cawley kwaye emva koko babuze imibuzo kwaye benze ezabo iingcebiso. Indlela ababesabela ngayo abo babethetha ngabaphulaphuli yayimbi kakhulu. UCawley wangxoliswa ngamandla izihlandlo ezininzi. Iintlanganiso ezifanayo zabanjwa kwiikholeji zeKennedy-King kunye neDaley kwiSide saseMzantsi. Akuzange kuqhutyelwe iintlanganiso kwicala elingasentla lesixeko.
I-Chicago Teachers Union (CTU) iyichaze โnjengohlahlo lwabiwo-mali olungeyonyani.โ
Ngaphambili ngaloo mini iNkonzo yoMtyali-mali we-Moody's yehlisa i-bond rating ye-CPS, iphawula ukuba i-431 yezigidi zeerandi ezigciniweyo zeedola ziye zachithwa ukuhlawula uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali luka-2013. I-Moody's ilumkise ngelithi, โUkusetyenziswa ngokumandla koovimba kuya kuphelisa ibhalansi yengxowa-mali yokusebenza engagcinwanga kwaye kunciphise ngokuphawulekayo ukungabikho kwemali.โ
UMoody uthe ukuhla kwenqanaba lesibini kungenzeka kungekudala. Ukuhla kweereyithingi kuthetha ukuba i-CPS kuya kufuneka ihlawule ngaphezulu ukuboleka imali. Sele liqokelele ityala le-5.6 yeebhiliyoni zeedola.
Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali luphembelele inkcaso kwidolophu iphela, kwanabo badla ngokuziphatha Chicago Tribune kwaye IiCrains Chicago Business ukungena ngaphakathi. Umlo wohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwezikolo zaseChicago uneempembelelo zelizwe njengoko ezinye izixeko zisokola ngeengxaki ezifanayo.
Ukugqogqa izikolo zasebumelwaneni ukuhlawulela ushishino lwabucala kunye neetshatha
Ummeli weBhodi ka-Ed uCawley uthe thaca iPowerPoint edandalazisa ikamva lovavanyo olukumgangatho othe kratya kunye nezikolo ezihlawulelwayo, ezingezizo ezo ezijongana nengxaki yemfundo egqubayo kwidolophu iphela.
Ootitshala baziva becinezelekile ukuba โbafundise ukuya kuvavanyoโ nto leyo enciphisa uvuyo lwabafundi lokufunda nokuhlola, lo gama inciphisa uphuhliso lwezakhono zokucinga nzulu. Izikolo ezininzi ezihlala ebumelwaneni, ngakumbi kuluntu lwabasebenzi bebala, zihluthwa izibonelelo kwaye zivinjwa ubugcisa, umculo, amathala eencwadi, iilebhu zekhompyuter kunye neendawo zokudlala. Izikolo zasebumelwaneni ziziiankile kwiindawo ezihlala kuzo. Ukuzihlasela kondla kuphela ukuphazamiseka kwentlalo nobundlobongela.
Ootitshala bajongene:
~amagumbi okufundela axineneyo
~ixesha elinganelanga lamalungiselelo
~iilebhu ezingonelanga kunye neendawo ezifanayo
~uphahla oluvuzayo, ipeyinti exobukayo kunye nodaka oluwayo
~umgangatho ophantsi womoya wangaphakathi kunye nolawulo lobushushu
~ingozi yobundlobongela
~ukungakhuseleki emsebenzini
~ukuhlawulela izinto zaseklasini epokothweni yakho
Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali alulusongeli usuku olugunyazisiweyo ngoku lwesikolo olude, okanye nesidingo sokunyuselwa umvuzo okwaneleyo kootitshala baseChicago abaya kongezwa iiyure ezininzi zomsebenzi. Ootitshala baseChicago sele besebenza kuqikelelwa iiyure ezingama-58 zeveki yomsebenzi. Ootitshala abanamava baphulukana nemisebenzi yabo njengoko iCPS iqesha abantu abanexabiso eliphantsi kwiitshatha zabo kunye nezikolo โzotshintshoโ.
Inkcazo-ntetho yale Bhodi ibhiyozele iinzame zayo zokuxhobisa iinqununu zezikolo, kodwa ibithe cwaka malunga nokuxhobisa ootitshala, abathi eneneni benze umsebenzi wokufunda ubuso ngobuso. Oku kuthula kuthetha ngaphezu kwamazwi.
Ukuchasana
Ngaphambi kokuba iforamu iqalise, i-Chicago Teachers Solidarity Campaign (CTSC) esanda kuququzelelwa yabamba inkomfa yabezindaba ngaphandle kweKholeji yaseMalcolm X ukuvakalisa inkcaso yabo kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali olucetywayo lwe-2013. Iqalwe ngamatsha ntliziyo asuka e-Occupy Chicago ukuxhasa iManyano yooTitshala baseChicago kuthethwano neBhodi, eli qela ngoku liluthungelwano olubanzi lwemanyano, uluntu, amaqela abafundi kunye nabazali axhasa ootitshala kunye nemfundo yoluntu. Eli qela linethemba lokuba ugwayimbo lootitshala luya kuthintelwa, kodwa likulungele ukunika inkxaso epheleleyo ukuba ootitshala banokugwayimba.
Unjingalwazi wezifundo ze-UIC uSteven Ashby wabiza ukusekwa kweCTSC ngendlela engazange ibonwe ngaphambili esithi:
"Ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-30 ndibukele ubudlelwane bezabasebenzi andizange ndiyibone ikomiti yezombano esisiseko phambi kogwayimbo, singasathethi ke kwiinyanga ezi-2 okanye ezi-3 phambi kokuba kubekho ugwayimbo"
UDavid Hernandez, utitshala wezifundo zentlalo yoluntu kwilali yaseChicago kwilali eseMazantsi-ntshona uthethe ngamava akhe kwigumbi lokufundela:
โOotitshala bayacelwa ukuba basebenze nge-20 yepesenti ngaphezulu, kwaye olu hlahlo lwabiwo-mali luza kusihlawula isithuko se-2 ekhulwini (sinyuse). Ayisiyiyo loo nto kuphela, akukho lungiselelo lokuba amalungu ethu abuyekezwe ngamava abo, kunye nezidanga zabo eziqhubekayo zemfundo, ezingafunwayo kuphela lilizwe lase-Illinois, kodwa ezinceda abafundi bethu ngokuthe ngqo. Sisithuko kubafundisi-ntsapho.โ
Amaqela abazali ajikeleze isixeko sele ethembise ngenkxaso yemfundo yoluntu kunye nootitshala bayo. U-Erica Clark, ovela kuBazali babaFundisi, naye wathetha namajelo eendaba esithi:
"Izikolo ziyaqhubeka nokulamba kwizixhobo ezisisiseko - abacebisi, oonontlalontle, abongikazi, iingcali zezibalo, ootitshala bezobugcisa kunye nomculo - zonke izinto abazali abazifunela abantwana babo, kwaye siqonda ukuba abantwana bethu badinga."
Ngaphakathi kwiKholeji ye-Malcolm X, amalungu e-CTSC ahlangene nabanye ukuvakalisa iinkxalabo
Ethetha kubaphulaphuli ilungu leHigh HOPES (Healing Over of the Punishment of Expulsions and Suspension) Campaign ichaze imigaqo-nkqubo yoluleko yeBhodi njengombhobho โwesikolo ukuya entolongweniโ, ibhenela kumanyathelo ezohlwaya ngokugqithisileyo nokugxotha abafundi esikolweni ngokunqunyanyiswa nokugxothwa. .
NgokweHigh HOPES Campaign,โโฆbangaphezu kwama-40,000 abafundi abanqunyanyiswayo kwaye abangama-600 bagxothwayo.โ Eli phulo lifuna iBhodi yandise inkqubo yokuBuyiselwa kwiSimo sangaPhambili kweXhoba noMoni eyilelwe ukugcina abantwana ezikolweni endaweni yokulahlelwa ngaphandle ezitalatweni.
U-Jan Rodolfo we-National Nurses United (NNU) uvale lo mxholo xa wayethetha ngabantwana abathwalwa kumagumbi onxunguphalo ngeembumbulu emizimbeni yabo ukusuka kubundlobongela basesitratweni eChicago. Izikolo zasebumelwaneni ezixhaswa kakuhle zinokunceda ukuthintela ezi ntlekele, ngakumbi ngoku xa ukuwela imida yeqela lemigulukudu kunokukhokelela kukwenzakala nokufa.
Utitshala weSikolo samaBanga aPhakamileyo saseKelvyn Park kwiSide soMntla-ntshona uchaze indlela isikolo sakhe esilamba ngayo ukuxhaswa ngemali ngelixa izikolo eziqeshiswayo kwiindawo ezikufutshane zibonakala zinayo yonke into eziyifunayo. Wayeziva ngathi isikolo sakhe sirhangqwe, sichongiwe kwaye sirhangqwe.
Umfundisi-ntsapho wemfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa wachaza indlela iklasi yakhe ezele ngxi eyenza ukuba ukufundisa kuphantse kube nzima de inqununu yakhe yagqiba kwelokuba iphungule isayizi yabafundi yaza ngequbuliso yakwazi ukufundisa abantwana kwakhona. Njengoko elinye iphecana elasasazwa phakathi kwabaphulaphuli lisitsho, iiklasi ezincinane ziluhlaziyo lwemfundo olusebenzayo. Uphando luxhasa ukubaluleka kwe iisayizi zeklasi ezincinci.
Ngenxa yengxaki yezoqoqosho nentlalontle ebambe iklasi yabasebenzi baseChicago, abafundi abaninzi baseChicago beza esikolweni beneengxaki ezininzi ekufuneka zisonjululwe ukuba bafuna ukuphumelela. Unontlalontle wesikolo ogxininiswe nguxanduva lwezikolo ze-3, ubonise indlela uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali oluncinci ngayo ukwandisa inani labasebenzi bezentlalo kunye nabacebisi.
Inani lezithethi wagxeka indlela City of Chicago wayesebenzisa kakubi TIF imali kunye nendlela iinkampani ezinkulu ukuba ngaphantsi-irhafu ngexesha xa iintsapho ukusebenza Chicago zabethwa kunye nolunye ukunyuka kwerhafu yepropathi. ULorraine Chavez, umlweli wabazali kunye neChicago Teachers Solidarity Campaign, wasigxeka kabukhali isigqibo seBhodi sokutsala ingxowa-mali yogcino. Ukhumbuze iBhodi ukuba ukuthoba kukaMoody ityala kunokuba neziphumo ezibi xa izikolo kunyanzeleke ukuba ziboleke ngesantya esiphezulu.
Abameli bebhodi bahlala bebanga ukuba "akukho mali", kodwa uMnu. Cawley akazange abonise ukuba iSixeko saseChicago kunye ne-State of Illinois zihlala ziphosa imali kwiingxaki ukuba nje imali inamathele kwizityebi.
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I-Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) iphose umsindo kwaye yafuna i-$ 77 yezigidi zeedola zekhefu lerhafu. Phula! Kwavela.
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I Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE) wayefuna 15 yezigidi zeerandi irhafu karhulumente break.Poof! Kwavela.
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UPenny Pritzker weBhodi yeMfundo yaseChicago wayefuna i-$ 5.2 yezigidi zeedola zeNgxowa-mali yoKwandiswa kweRhafu (TIF) imali yokwakha iHyatt Hotel entsha. Phula! Kwavela.
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Ngoku uDoug Oberhelman waseCaterpillar, omnye wabaqeshi abakhulu e-Illinois, ukhalaza malunga nokunyuswa kwerhafu kwaye usongela ukuhambisa iiofisi zeCaterpillar ngaphandle kwePeoria IL. I-Caterpillar yenza inzuzo yerekhodi ye-4.5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2011 kwaye u-Oberhelman wazisa ekhaya i-$ 16.9 yezigidi.
I-Illinois inesinye sezona zakhiwo zirhafisayo esizweni njengoko iinkampani zisebenzisa ikhefu lokuyila irhafu njenge "Isaphulelo somthengisi" kunye "neFactor yokuthengisa enye" โโkudityaniswe namaqhinga okuhla kwexabiso athi ngokutsho kwabaphandi. UThomas Cafcas kunye noGreg LeRoy kudla uRhulumente imali engaphezu kwama-600 ezigidi zeerandi ngonyaka.
Izikolo zase-Illinois ubukhulu becala zixhaswa ngemali ngeerhafu zepropathi nto leyo ethetha ukuba iChicago, nentlupheko yayo exhaphakileyo, ikwimeko embi xa ithelekiswa nezithili ezityebileyo njengeWinnetka kumantla edolophu.
Ewe xa inkxaso-mali yesikolo ivela kwinqanaba lomdibaniso, kunye nenkxaso-mali enkulu kwi-oyile, i-agribiz kunye nezixhobo kunye neemfazwe zethu ezingapheliyo kwiindawo ezifana ne-Afghanistan, kulungile, ndiya kukuvumela ukuba wenze izibalo. Kubonakala ngathi siyayifumana imali yokubulala abantwana kumazwe ahlwempuzekileyo kodwa singabafundisi kweli lethu.
Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwe-CPS ka-2013 bubungxowankulu beentlekele emsebenzini
Ngo-2008, i-activist yaseCanada uNaomi Klein yapapashwa Imfundiso eyothusayo: Ukunyuka kobungxowankulu beNtlekele. Kuyo ubonise indlela iinkokeli zezopolitiko kunye nemibutho ezisebenzisa ngayo iintlekele zendalo kunye nezendalo zabantu ukunyanzelisa uqoqosho olunzima โโฆ ngonyango lokothuka kwezoqoqosho.
Umzekelo uya kuba yiNew Orleans apho emva kwembubhiso enkulu evela kwiNkanyamba uKatrina kunye nobunjineli obuhlwempuzekileyo be-levee, abahlali bafumanisa ukuba izikolo zabo zikawonkewonke zithengiswa nge-fiat. Nangona oku kwaboniswa njengokwandiswa โkokhetho,โ ukukhetha isikolo sikarhulumente esikwingingqi ekumgangatho ophezulu ngokucacileyo yayiyinto ephambili ephantsi. Endaweni yoko, izibonelelo zoncedo ziye zasiwa ekwandiseni izikolo ezihlawulelwayo. Abafundi bebala elisebenzayo bashiywe ngasemva kulwando olukhawulezayo lwezikolo ezihlawulelwayo ngobhaliso lwabo olukhethayo. abafundi abakumgangatho ophakathi kunye nabafundi abamhlophe.
Ukuqala ukuvakala uqhelekile? Ndiye ndakholelwa ukuba siyayibona le nkqubo isenzeka eChicago. Ngokurhafisa ngaphantsi ngokucwangcisekileyo amaqumrhu azizityebi kunye nokwandisa iitshatha ezinokuthatha uxanduva oluncinci kuluntu, iChicago idala inkqubo yemfundo yamanqanaba amabini eyahlulwe ngokobuhlanga nangodidi.
Uhlaselo lweManyano yooTitshala baseChicago luyinxalenye yohlaselo.
I-CTU ibonise inkqubo ebanzi yohlaziyo olusekelwe kubukhulu beklasi encinci, ukugxininiswa kuvavanyo lwe-hi-stakes kunye nolunye utshintsho oluninzi olusekelwe kuphando oluvakalayo lwezemfundo. Inelungelo IZikolo zaBafundi baseChicago zifanelekile kwaye ungayikhuphela mahala. Luhlaziyo olunengqiqo olusetyenziswa kuyo BONKE Abafundi baseChicago, ingengabo abantwana beengcali ezikumgangatho ophakathi kunye nezityebi, abathi ngenxa yenkqubo yethu eqhubekayo yokucalula ngokobuhlanga, uninzi lwabo luya kuba mhlophe. IBhodi yeMfundo yaseChicago kunye namajelo eendaba aphethwe ngamashishini aphantse angayihoyi ngokupheleleyo iphakheji yohlaziyo lweCTU. Yiyo lonto. Imfundo esemgangathweni ye BONKE yabasebenzi uninzi lwesixeko alukho phezulu kuluhlu lwazo eziphambili.
Isigqibo sokucinywa kwengxowa-mali yogcino lweBhodi yezeMfundo siya kunika iinkokeli zamashishini zaseChicago amandla okuvusa ingxaki yezemali njengoko benzile ngaphambili kwimbali yaseChicago. โIngxakiโ ekhokelwa ngumthengisi-mali sisixhobo esinamandla โsonyango lokothukaโ ukuthomalalisa iziphumo zoqhankqalazo olunokubakho lootitshala ekwindla. Njengoko iBhodi iqhubeleka nokwandisa iitshatha kunye nezinye izikimu zokuthengisa izinto zabucala, banethemba lokufikelela โkwinqanaba lokuncamisaโ apho iCTU namahlakani ayo aya kuba buthathaka kangangokuba ukuxhathisa okusebenzayo kuya kuwa kwaye inkqubo yamanqanaba amabini odidi kunye nemfundo esekelwe kubuhlanga iya kulawula. .
Uhlaselo lwe-CTU lukwaluhlaselo kwiimanyano zabasebenzi bakarhulumente kuso sonke isixeko kunye nesifundo esinamandla kwimibutho eseleyo yecandelo labucala. Umvuzo wakho kunye nezibonelelo zikwakho kwibhloko yokunqunqa. Luhlaselo kumashishini amancinci axhomekeke kakhulu kubathengi abanakho ukuthenga oko bakuthengisayo. Luhlaselo kuluntu olufana neWoodlawn, iKenwood, iK-Town kunye noMntla Lawndale abafuna kakhulu imisebenzi ehlawula imali eninzi kunye namashishini amancinci aphilayo.
Sisicwangciso sobungxowankulu bentlekele, isimbo seWindy City. Ukuba uphumelele, cinga iDetroit kwiLake Michigan.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
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