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I-spin ingaphakathi! Ulawulo lukaTrump 'abathwali bemiyalezo' bezoqoqosho, uSteve Mnuchin, unobhala kaNondyebo wase-US, kunye noKevin Hasset, umcebisi omkhulu wezoqoqosho kuTrump, kule Cawa iphelileyo kumabonwakude waseWashington baphehlelele umzamo olungelelanisiweyo wokuthomalalisa inkxalabo yoluntu ekhulayo yokuba uqoqosho olukhoyo ngoku. inokuba mbi (okanye ibe mbi) kunodakumba olukhulu lwee-1930s.
Amasebe ophando ebhankini amakhulu aqikelela ukuncipha kwe-GDP kwikota yokuqala (ngoJanuwari-Matshi 2020) naphi na ukusuka kwi-4% ukuya kwi-7.5%, kwaye kwikota yesibini yangoku, ukucutha okungaphezulu ukusuka -30% ukuya -40%: Morgan Stanley. ibhanki yotyalo-mali ithi 30%. I-behemoth ye-bond market investment, i-PIMCO, iqikelela ukuwa kwe-30% kwi-GDP. Nditsho neOfisi yoHlahlo-lwabiwo-mali yeCongress mva nje iqikelela ukuba ukucutheka kwi-GDP kunokuba phezulu njenge -40% kwi-2.nd kwikota.
Entsha kaMnuchin-Hassett eNtsha yesiqhelo
Ngaphandle kwezibane ezibomvu ezidanyazayo kwimeko yoqoqosho lwase-US, izithethi eziphambili zezoqoqosho zolawulo lukaTrump zityhala umgca osemthethweni wokuba uqoqosho luza kukhawuleza 'lubuyele umva'. Kwi-horizon ekufutshane kukho ukubuyiswa kobume be-V kuza kwi-3rd ngekota (ngoJulayi-Septemba) okanye, mva nje, le 4 ilandelayoth ikota. Uqoqosho lunokuba mbi kakhulu, bayavuma, kodwa yiba nomonde abantu ukubuyela kwesiqhelo kusendleleni ngaphambi kokuphela konyaka!
Ethetha kwiFox News ngeCawe unobhala kaNondyebo, uMnuchin, ubhengeze ukuba uqoqosho lwase-US luza kuvuleka ngoMeyi nangoJuni kwaye "uzobona uqoqosho lubuyela umva ngoJulayi, ngo-Agasti nangoSeptemba". Kwaye uHassett waphinda okufanayo, enethemba nje elincinane lokujonga i-snap emva kwe-4.th ikota. Ukuqala iindaba ezimbi ezizayo ngolwesiThathu xa 1st Ikota yeenombolo zeGDP zase-US zifanele ukukhululwa, u-Hassett uvumile ukuba umothuko omkhulu uyeza ngoLwesithathu, ukuze ulandelwe "Iinyanga ezimbalwa zeendaba ezimbi ezingafaniyo nantoni na owakha wayibona". Kodwa ungakhathazeki, ngokukaHassett, i4th ikota "Ngaba uya kuba namandla ngokwenene kwaye unyaka ozayo uya kuba ngunyaka omkhulu".
Ngeli xesha, oosomashishini abakhulu abasebenzisana nabo babesenza imijikelezo yeendaba zabo zikamabonwakude, becula kwaloo ngoma ithi 'iintsuku zolonwabo ziza kuphinda zibekho kwakhona'. I-CEO yeBhanki yaseMelika, uMoynihan, ebonakala kumboniso othi 'Face the Nation', uqikelele ukuba inkcitho yabathengi ihlile kwaye iza kuphinda inyuke kakuhle kwakhona kwi-4.th kwikota, ngo-Okthobha-Disemba, ilandelwa kukukhula kweGDP kwamanani aphindwe kabini ngo-2021!
Ulawulo lukaTrump lucinezela nzima ukuvula uqoqosho ngoku! Iyayazi ukuba ukudodobala koqoqosho akunako ukuzinza kwixesha eliphakathi ukuya kwixesha elide kwaye kwehla. Umdla weshishini utyhala uTrump kunye namaRiphabhlikhi ukuba aphinde avule ngokukhawuleza, nokuba zithini na iziphumo zeliza lesibini lentsholongwane eliyonakalisa izinga lezempilo kunye nokufa. Kukho icandelo elikhulayo lemidla yeshishini lase-US elilangazelela ukubona imbuyekezo kwintengiso kunye nengeniso, ngaphandle koko bajongana nokusilela okuzayo kunye nokutshona emva kweshumi leminyaka yokuboleka ematyaleni oshishino. Ukukhula kokusilela kunye nokutshona kwemali kunokuxhokonxa imeko yezemali enokuthi iqhubele phambili ukuwohloka koqoqosho lokwenyani nangakumbi.
I-Fed ye-9 yezigidi zezigidi zeedola isenokungaphumeleli
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku i-Federal Reserve central bank izibophelele kwi-9 yeetriliyoni zeerandi kwimali-mboleko kunye nokubuyisela imali kwiibhanki nakwiibhanki ezingezizo iibhanki, kuvavanyo lwembali olungazange lubonwe ngaphambili yi-Fed. Akunjalo nje ubukhulu be-bailout ye-Fed ngokwemiqathango yedola, sele iphindwe kabini ukuba ibhanki ephakathi iqeshwe kwi-2008-09 ukukhupha iibhanki kuloo ngozi yangaphambili, kodwa i-Fed ngeli xesha ayilindi ukuba iibhanki zingaphumeleli. Kukubakhupha ngebheyile kwangaphambili! Kwakhona entsha i-Fed ikhupha i-non-banks ngokunjalo, izama ukulibazisa ukungagqibeki kunye nokungaphumeleli kwimvelaphi yabo, ngaphambi kokuba iziphumo ziqale ukubetha inkqubo yebhanki. I-Bailing out non-banks is new for the Fed as well, ayikho ngaphantsi kwe-pre-emptive bank yokuhlangula kunye ne-9 yeebhiliyoni zeedola-kunye nokunyuka-imali epheleleyo yamahhala iphoswe kwinkqubo. Kodwa akufuneki kucingelwe ukuba iFed iya kuphumelela, ngaphandle kwetshekhi engenanto kwiibhanki nakumashishini. Ulingelo lwayo lwembali, olungazange lubonwe ngaphambili alumiselwanga kwangaphambili ukuba luphumeleleโngenxa yezizathu ezichazwe ngezantsi.
Kuba ubukhulu kunye nokukhawuleza kokuvalwa koqoqosho lokwenyani e-US akukho nto ingazange ibonwe ngaphambili. Kwanasebudeni bonxunguphalo olukhulu lweminyaka yee-1930, ukudodobala koqoqosho lokwenene kwenzeka kwisithuba seminyaka eliqelaโkungekhona iinyanga. Kwaba ngo-1932-33 ukuba intswela-ngqesho ifikelele kuma-25%.
Ukusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-Epreli ka-2020, la manani angama-25% abantu abangaphangeliyo yayisele iyinyani. Idatha esemthethweni karhulumente ibonise ukuba abasebenzi abazizigidi ezingama-26.5 bafake izicelo zokungaphangeli. Oko kumalunga ne-16.5% yabasebenzi base-US abazizigidi ezili-165. Uqikelelo lweBhanki luzizigidi ezingama-40 ezingenamsebenzi kwiinzuzo ekupheleni kukaMeyi. Kodwa imithombo yophando ehlonitshwayo, njengeZiko loMgaqo-nkqubo woQoqosho, kutsha nje kuqikelelwe ukuba uninzi olumalunga ne-13.9m ngaphezulu luphelelwe ngumsebenzi kodwa abakakwazi ukufayilisha ngempumelelo izibonelelo zokungaphangeli. Ngoko ke i-40 yezigidi ezingenamsebenzi inokuba sele ilapha. Kwaye loo nto ilingana ne-25% yezinga lentswela-ngqesho. Ngamanye amazwi, kwiinyanga nje ezimbalwa uqoqosho lwase-US luye lwawohloka kangangokuba abantu abangaphangeliyo bakwinqanaba elathatha iminyaka emine ukulifikelela ngexesha lokudakumba okukhulu ngeminyaka yee-1930s!
Ufinyezo olukhawulezayo kunye nobunzulu obunokubakho buneentshukumo kuyo ezingaziwayo. Isenokungaphenduli kumgaqo-nkqubo oqhelekileyo njengezibonelelo eziphuculweyo zokungaphangeli, ukuhlolwa kwengeniso kaxakeka, kunye neenkxaso-mali kunye neemali-mboleko kumashishini kwinqanaba elingazange libonwe ngaphambili elifana nokubonelelwa yi-Fed. I-psychology yabathengi, abasebenzi, amashishini, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo abatyali-mali banokuthuswa kwaye balimala kangangokuba i-injection yemali-ngeCongress kunye ne-Fed-ayinakuphumela ngokukhawuleza ekubuyiseleni imali kunye nemveliso. Ukungaqiniseki ngoko kunokuziswa likamva kunokubangela uloyiko olungazange lubonwe ngaphambili lokusebenzisa imali. Iingcali zezoqoqosho ngamanye amaxesha zibiza oku 'ngumgibe wobunzima'. Kodwa inokubizwa ngokuchanekileyo ngakumbi 'umsantsa wobunzima' apho ukunyuka umva kuya kucotha kakhulu, kuthathe ixesha elide, kwaye indlela egcwele izigcayiseli ezinokuthi zibeke uqoqosho ekuweni kwesibini okanye kwesithathu endleleni.
Ingxabano ye-V-shape iqikelelwe kwingcinga yokuba isiphumo esibi sentsholongwane siya kutshabalala kweli hlobo. Abo baxhasa le ngxoxo bacinga, ngokuphandle okanye ngokungathanga ngqo, ukuba ukuwa koqoqosho namhlanje ubukhulu becala, ukuba akunjalo ngokupheleleyo, ngenxa yentsholongwane. Asiyongxaki yezoqoqosho ngokwenene; yingxaki yezempilo. Kwaye xa le yokugqibela isonjululwe, ukudodobala kwezoqoqosho kuya kuncipha kunye nesiphumo.
Kodwa oku kuthatha izinto ezimbini: okokuqala intsholongwane iya 'kumka' kungekudala kwaye ingaxhonywa njengobunzima kuqoqosho. Okwesibini, ukuba bekungekho zizathu zisisiseko zoqoqosho ebezicothisa uqoqosho lwase-US (kunye nehlabathi) esele iphambi kwempembelelo yentsholongwane. Intsholongwane ibonwa njengokuphela konobangela, ngamanye amazwi, kwaye ingeyiyo into ekhawulezisa uqoqosho esele ibuthathaka kwaye ibuthathaka ibe kukucutheka okunzulu. Kodwa intsholongwane inokuqondwa ngcono njengesiganeko esiye sagaleleka emva koko sakhawulezisa ukudodobala koqoqosho olusele lusingise ekuhleni kunye nokudodobala koqoqosho.
Ezi ndlela zokugqibela ezinokwenzeka zokuqonda ingxaki ekhoyo ngoku yezoqoqosho azihoywa ngabameli bokubuyiselwa kobume be-V. Ngokombono wabo, yingxaki nje yempilo. Kwaye ingxaki yezempilo sele iza kuphela kungekudala. Kwaye xa isenzeka, siya kubuyela 'kwisiqhelo' sakudala kwaye uqoqosho luya kubuyela umva. Kodwa ubunzulu kunye nokukhawuleza kokuhla kwinto, ubuncinci, 'kukudodobala okukhulu kwe-2.0' kwaye mhlawumbi into efana nokudakumba okunzulu kunye nexesha elide lee-1930s, kubonisa ngamandla ukuba amandla okwehla akhululwe kuqoqosho lwase-US. abaneentshukumo ezabo ngoku. Kwaye oko kuguquguqukayo kuxhomekeke kunobangela wentsholongwane othi, nangayiphi na imeko, ingahambi kungekudala. Kuzo zonke iimeko zosulelo olunjalo lwentsholongwane, bekusoloko kukho igagasi lesibini kunye nelesithathu lokosuleleka nokufa. Kwaye iCovid-19 ibonakala iyeyona inobundlavini kwaye iyosulela.
Ayizizigidi ezingama-40 kuphela kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba aziphangeli ezichaza ubuzaza obungazange bubonwe ngaphambili bengxaki yangoku.
Izigidi zamashishini amancinci sele evaliwe okanye ephumile kushishino. Ezinye ziza kulandela kungekudala. Kwaye abaninzi abasayi kuphinda bavule kwakhona. Umndilili yenani leentsuku zemali ekhoyo kumashishini amancinci phambi kokuba intsholongwane ichaphazele iintsuku ezingama-27. Amashishini amancinci amaninzi kuqikelelwa ukuba aya kuphelelwa koko ekupheleni kuka-Epreli. Yiyo loo nto singaboniyo luqhankqalazo olukhulayo kunye nokwala ukuthobela umyalelo 'wokukhuselwa' obhengezwe ziirhuluneli zombuso ezohlukeneyo. Amashishini amancinci kunye nabasebenzi bawo, omabini asemngciphekweni wokubhanga baya ezitalatweni-ekhuthazwa ngamandla anamandla afanelekileyo, umdla weshishini eligcinayo, kunye namahlakani ezopolitiko ukuya kuthi ga kwi-White House.
Izigidi zabasebenzi abangakwaziyo ukufikelela kwiifayile ngempumelelo kunye nokufumana izibonelelo zokungaphangeli, kunye nezigidi zamashishini amancinci athe axinzelelwa ngaphandle kwenkqubo yebheyile yamaShishini amaNcinci (ebizwa ngokuba yiNkqubo yokuKhusela iNtlawulo) ngumhlaba ochumileyo wokulungela. I-propaganda efuna ilizwe liphinde livule uqoqosho kwangoko, nokuba kuphambi kwexesha malunga nokunqumamisa iinzame zokunciphisa intsholongwane kwaye phantse kuqiniseke ukuba kukhokelela kwigagasi lesibini losulelo oluya kuthi ludodobalise uqoqosho kwakhona ekuhambeni kwexesha enyakeni.
Kwaye ukuhamba kwenkxaso-mali evela kumthetho wamashishini amancinci wamva nje ogqithiswe yiCongress iye yafakwa ebhotileni ziibhanki ezinkulu ezidlala inkqubo-eyokuqala zisebenzisa le ngxaki ukukhupha imvume kurhulumente wobumbano ngolunye uhlengahlengiso lwebhanki, ukufumana iziqinisekiso ngurhulumente kukhuseleko lwetyala, ukuqinisekisa bafumana imirhumo enengeniso kunye neentlawulo ezivela kwimboleko-mali, kwaye ifuna ukuba urhulumente ababuyisele kwiimali-mboleko ezinokuthi kamva zisilele.
Ukongeza ekuhanjisweni okucothayo kweemali-mboleko ziibhanki ezinkulu, kwaezo bhanki zinkulu zaqalisa ukwalathisa imali-mboleko yenkqubo yamashishini amancinci kuqala kubathengi bazo abakhulu nabangcono. Ngaloo ndlela i-350 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwinkxaso-mali yeCongress kumashishini amancinci yayijoliswe kubathengi abangcono beebhanki kwisithuba esingaphantsi kweeveki ezimbini. Isesibini seebhiliyoni zeerandi ezingama-320 esongezo esandula kongezwa kuxelwa ukuba sele sibalelwe ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha selo xesha.
Ngaphandle kwedatha yemisebenzi, amashishini amancinci, kunye ne-GDP uninzi lokusekwa koqoqosho lwenkululeko lubonakala ngathi luwela kumgca osemthethweni wolawulo lukaTrump kunye nokujikeleza ukuba kungekudala kuya kubakho ukubuyiswa kobume be-V.
I-Liberal Economists Thenga i-Mnuchin-Hassett Line
Umphathi weengcali zezoqoqosho, uPaul Krugman, kwenye yeekholamu zakhe mva nje, uthi ayisiyongxaki yezoqoqosho kodwa yimeko yokunceda intlekele. Uhlobo olufana nenkanyamba yezoqoqosho, wongezelela, ukuba xa sele idlulile ilanga liya kuphuma kwaye likhanye kwakhona kwinqanaba lezoqoqosho njengangaphambili. Kwaye kukho uLarry Summers, unjingalwazi wezoqoqosho waseHarvard kunye nomcebisi kuBarack Obama ngo-2009, owavumelana noKrugman, esithi "kungenzeka ukuba uwile kwaye ubuye ngokukhawuleza." Okanye uRobert Reich, unjingalwazi uCal Berkeley kunye nowayesakuba lilungu lekhabhinethi kaBill Clinton, othe kolunye udliwanondlebe lukamabonakude mva nje, ukuba le ngxaki yayingeyoqoqosho kodwa yayiyingxaki yezempilo kwaye nje ukuba ingxaki yezempilo iqulathwe (kusenokwenzeka ukuba kweli hlobo) uqoqosho. ndiza 'kubuyela emva'.
Olwabo luhlalutyo lwezoqoqosho ngokusebenzisa izafobe zemozulu. Kwaye impazamo abayenzayo bonke kukucinga ukuba oyena nobangela wengxaki ayilulo uqoqosho kodwa yintsholongwane. Abayiboni intsholongwane njengeyona nto ibangela ukuba kube nzima, bandise kwaye bakhawulezise into ebibuthathaka ngokusisiseko e-US kunye noqoqosho lwehlabathi oluya kungena engxakini, kodwa endaweni yoko intsholongwane ikuphela konobangela, unobangela wokosuleleka okunzulu.
U-Krugman kunye nabanye abaxhasi bethisisi 'ye-snap back' (i-V-shape recovery) bonke bayayikhanyela impikiswano yokuba ukuhla koqoqosho okunzulu nokukhawulezayo kwangoku kubangelwa yintlekele kwaye kukho uguqulo lwangaphakathi loqoqosho olusetiyo oluthathayo. eziqhubela uqoqosho ukuba lube kumgangatho ophantsi nokuba sithini isiphumo sentlekele yezempilo.
Njengomzekelo omnye woko kuguquguquka kwangaphakathi: xa ukucutheka kuqoqosho lokwenyani kukhawulezisa kwaye kusiba nzulu, ngokungenakuphepheka kukhokelela ekungagqibekangani nasekutshonisekeni-phakathi kwamashishini, amakhaya, kunye noorhulumente basekhaya. Ukungagqibeki kunye nokutshona kwemali emva koko kuxhokonxa imeko yezemali ebuyisela uqoqosho lokwenyani, lubangele ukuba lube mandundu ngakumbi. Ilahleko yengeniso ngamashishini, ngamakhaya kunye norhulumente wasekhaya emva koko kubangele ukuhla okungaphezulu. Nje ukuba iziphumo zengxelo embi kuqoqosho ziqale, ayinamsebenzi ukuba ingxaki yezempilo ithotyiwe ngokukhawuleza. Uguqulo lwezoqoqosho lumiselwe. U-Krugman kunye nabahlobo kufuneka baqonde ukuba kodwa bangayiqondi, okanye balunyukiswe ngabaqeshi babo kunye nabahlobo bezopolitiko ukuba bangayithethi yonke inyaniso hleze ibangele inkxalabo engakumbi, ukungabikho kweshishini kunye nokuzithemba kwabathengi, okanye ukuxhalaba.
Xa oosoqoqosho abaqhelekileyo bengayiqondi eyona nto yenzekayo, bazimela emva kwezafobe zabo njengendlela yokufihla ukungaqondi kwabo kunye nokukwazi ukuqikelela ikamva. Okanye basebenzisa izafobe ezifanayo ukuze baphephe ukuthetha inyaniso. Kodwa inyaniso kukuba oku akuyongxaki yezempilo kuphela. Kwaye ayizukunyamalala ngokukhawuleza nokuba umcimbi wezempilo usonjululwe kwisithuba seeveki okanye iinyanga.
Endaweni yokuthomalalisa uluntu ngezikweko ezintle, banokujonga nje ixesha elidlulileyo. Akukho kuphinda kubuye umva kuqoqosho emva kowama-2008-09, obeluncipheko olubuthathaka kakhulu ngokwemeko yangoku, kunye nelahleko yemisebenzi embalwa kunye nokuhla kweGDP encinci kakhulu.
Ngo-2008-09 ukuBuyisa Kwakungekho Milo ye-V
Nasemva kokuthotywa kancinane ka-2008-09, imali-mboleko yebhanki emva ko-2009 ayizange ibuye ngokukhawuleza okanye ngokwesiqhelo. Kuphela abona bathengi bakhulu, abagqwesileyo beebhanki ezinkulu kunye nabathengi babo abangaphesheya bafumene imali-mboleko entsha kubo. Imali ebolekwa yiBhanki kumashishini amancinane naphakathi ase-US iqhubekile nokuhla iminyaka emva kuka-2009. Kwaye imisebenzi elahlekileyo ngo-2008-09 ayizange ibuyele kumanqanaba ka-2007 kanye phambi kokuba kuqale ukudodobala koqoqosho kude kube ngu-2015. xa kuthelekiswa nemivuzo ka-2008 yemisebenzi eyalahlekayo. Umyinge phakathi kwemisebenzi esisigxina kunye nomsebenzi wethutyana/wexesha/wekhontrakthi uye wehla emva ko-2015, uninzi lwaba basemva baqeshiwe kwaye abo bebefudula bengaphinda baqeshwe. Imivuzo yokwenyani ayikabuyi ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje kumashumi ezigidi zabasebenzi kumanqanaba omvuzo ophakathi nangaphantsi.
Ke umntu unokuzibuza ukuba ngaba iiKrugmans, Summers kunye neReichs 'batshaya' ntoni xa besenza izibhengezo ezihlekisayo malunga nokubuyisela umva. Bafanele bazi ngcono. Yonke into ababefanele bayenze yayikukujonga ubungqina berekhodi yembali emva kwe-2009 ukuba ukubuyiswa kwe-V akwenzeki xa kukho ukucutha okunzulu kunye nokukhawuleza! Kwaye yinyani leyo hayi ngo-2009 kuphela, kodwa nango-1933 xa uxinzelelo olukhulu luye lwaphela.
Phakathi kwe-1929 kunye ne-1933 uqoqosho lwase-US lwaqhubeka lungena. Akunjalo ngaxeshanye, kodwa kuhlobo 'lokunciphisa' uthotho lwamathafa asezantsi njengoko kwaqhambuka iingxaki zebhanki ngowe-1930, 1931, 1932 kwaza kwaphinda ekuqaleni kowe-1933. Xa uRoosevelt wangena esikhundleni ngoMatshi 1933 wazisa inkqubo eyayijoliswe ekunikeni ibheyile. ukhuphe iibhanki kuqala, kwaye emva koko uncedise ishishini ukunyusa amaxabiso. Yayibizwa ngokuba nguMthetho woBuyiselo weSizwe. Loo nkqubo yakuphelisa ukuwohloka kodwa yabangela ukuba umntu achache ngendlela eqhelekileyo, yaye phakathi kowe-1934 oko kuchacha kwaphela. Kwaba ngelo xesha, ekwindla lowe-1934, awathi uRoosevelt kunye neeDemocrats bacebisa into eya kubizwa ngokuba yiNew Deal, eyasungulwa ngo-1935 emva konyulo lweCongressional 1934. Uqoqosho lwase-US lwaqala ukuchacha ngokukhawuleza ngo-1935 ukuya ku-1937. Ngasekupheleni kuka-1937 amaRiphabhlikhi kunye neeDemocratic Conservative Democrats eMzantsi badibana kunye banciphisa inkcitho ye-New Deal yentlalontle. Uqoqosho lwase-US luphinde lwabuyela kuxinzelelo ngo-1938 de iCongress, yoyika ukubuyela kuxinzelelo, yabuyisela inkcitho yeSivumelwano eNtsha kwaye uqoqosho lwabuyela apho lwalukhona ngo-1937. idityaniselwe imfazwe kunye nenkcitho karhulumente yenyuka ukusuka kwi-1940% ukuya kwi-41% ye-GDP ukuya ngaphezu kwe-15% ngonyaka omnye ngo-17.
Kodwa iingcali zezoqoqosho eziqhelekileyo aziyikhathaleli kakhulu imbali yezoqoqosho yelizwe labo. Ukuba bebekho bebeya kuqonda ukuba ukudodobala okunzulu nokukhawulezayo kwezoqoqosho kusoloko kubangela ukucotha, ixesha elide, kwaye ngokufuthi ukuchaneka okungalinganiyo. Akusoze kubekho 'ukubuyela umva' xa amanqanaba okudakumba okucutheka kwenzeka-okanye naxa amanqanaba 'okwehla okukhulu koqoqosho' esenzeka, njengango-2008-09. Kuthatha ixesha elide kumashishini nakubathengi ukubuyisela amanqanaba 'okuzithemba' kuqoqosho kunye nokutshintsha utyalo-mali olulumke kakhulu kunye nokuziphatha kokuthenga ukuya kwiipatheni ezinethemba elingaphezulu lenkcitho-mali. Amanqanaba entswela-ngqesho axhoma phezulu kwaye phezu koqoqosho ixesha elithile. Amashishini amancinci amaninzi awaphinde avulwe kwaye xa esenza nabasebenzi abambalwa kwaye amaxesha amaninzi efumana imivuzo ephantsi. Iinkampani ezinkulu zigcina imali yazo. Iibhanki ngokuqhelekileyo zicotha kakhulu ukuboleka ngemali yazo. Amanye amashishini athandabuza ukutyala imali kunye nokwandisa, aze ke aphinde aqeshe, ngenxa yenkcitho elumkileyo yabathengi, ukuqokelelwa kweshishini, kunye nokuziphatha ngendlela engqongqo yokubolekisa ngemali kweebhanki. I-Fed, ibhanki ephakathi, inokwenza intaphane yemali yasimahla kunye neemali-mboleko ezincinci zifumaneke, kodwa amashishini kunye namakhaya anokuthandabuza ukuboleka, ekhetha ukugcina imali yawo-kunye nemali-mboleko ngokunjalo.
Ngamanye amazwi, okukhona nzulu kwaye ngokukhawuleza ukufinyela, kokukhona kunzima kwaye kucotha ukuchacha. Oko kuthetha ukuba ukuchacha akusoze kube yi-V-shape, kodwa kufana ne-U-shape eyandisiweyo.
UGqr Rasmus ungumbhali wencwadi esandula ukukhutshwa, Isibetho seNeoliberalism: Umgaqo-nkqubo wezoQoqosho wase-US ukusuka eReagan ukuya kwiTrump ', iClarity Press, ngoJanuwari 2020; kunye nencwadi eyandulelayo, 'Abagcini beBhanki abaPhakathi ekupheleni kweeNtya zabo: uMgaqo-nkqubo weMali kunye noxinzelelo oluzayo', i-Clarity Press, ngo-Agasti 2017. Ubloga jackrasmus.com. Umqheba wakhe we-twitter ngu-@drjackrasmus kunye newebhusayithi yakhe: http://kyklosproductions.com
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